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Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures 在震荡处理的氨基酸混合物中观察到三维复杂结构
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.17
Surendra V. Singh, Jayaram Vishakantaiah, J. K. Meka, M. Muruganantham, Vijay Thiruvenkatam, Vijayan Sivaprahasam, B. N. Rajasekhar, A. Bhardwaj, Nigel J. Mason, B. Sivaraman
{"title":"Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures","authors":"Surendra V. Singh, Jayaram Vishakantaiah, J. K. Meka, M. Muruganantham, Vijay Thiruvenkatam, Vijayan Sivaprahasam, B. N. Rajasekhar, A. Bhardwaj, Nigel J. Mason, B. Sivaraman","doi":"10.1017/exp.2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Asteroid and cometary impacts have been considered one of the possible routes for exogenous delivery of organics to the early Earth. It is well established that amino acids can be synthesized due to impact-driven shock processesing of simple molecules and that amino acids can survive the extreme conditions of impact events. In the present study, we simulate impact-induced shock conditions utilizing a shock tube that can maintain a reflected shock temperature of about 5,500 K for 2 ms time scale. We have performed shock processing of various combinations of amino acids with subsequent morphological analysis carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), revealing that the shock processed amino acids demonstrate an extensive range of complex structures. These results provide evidence for the further evolution of amino acids in impact-induced shock environments leading to the formation of complex structures and thus providing a pathway for the origin of life.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88566351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Relaxation of the parameter independence assumption in the bootComb R package bootComb R包中参数独立性假设的松弛
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.13
M. Henrion
{"title":"Relaxation of the parameter independence assumption in the bootComb R package","authors":"M. Henrion","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The bootComb R package allows researchers to derive confidence intervals with correct target coverage for arbitrary combinations of arbitrary numbers of independently estimated parameters. Previous versions (<1.1.0) of bootComb used independent bootstrap sampling and required that the parameters themselves are independent—an unrealistic assumption in some real-world applications. Findings Using Gaussian copulas to define the dependence between parameters, the bootComb package has been extended to allow for dependent parameters. Implications The updated bootComb package can now handle cases of dependent parameters, with users specifying a correlation matrix defining the dependence structure. While in practice it may be difficult to know the exact dependence structure between parameters, bootComb allows running sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of parameter dependence on the resulting confidence interval for the combined parameter. Availability bootComb is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bootComb).","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87199225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cyclic hardening/softening experimental data in nano-clay-composite and aluminum alloy under high-temperature strain-controlled loading 高温应变控制载荷下纳米粘土-复合材料和铝合金循环硬化/软化实验数据
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.32
M. Azadi, H. Bahmanabadi, F. Gruen, G. Winter, B. Seisenbacher
{"title":"Cyclic hardening/softening experimental data in nano-clay-composite and aluminum alloy under high-temperature strain-controlled loading","authors":"M. Azadi, H. Bahmanabadi, F. Gruen, G. Winter, B. Seisenbacher","doi":"10.1017/exp.2021.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.32","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents cyclic hardening/softening behaviors (experimental data) of the heat-treated aluminum-matrix nano-clay-composite (AlSi_N_HT6), compared to those of the piston aluminum alloy (AlSi) under strain-controlled loading. For such an objective, standard samples were fabricated by gravity and stir-casting methods. Low-cycle fatigue experiments were carried out under different strain amplitudes (0.20–0.45%) and at various temperatures (25–300°C). Obtained results implied that no obvious change was observed on material properties of aluminum alloy by reinforcements, but a decrement was observed due to increasing the temperature. Results also indicated that the increase of the temperature from 25°C to 200°C has changed the cyclic behavior of both materials (AlSi_N_HT6 and AlSi) from hardening to softening. Moreover, the temperature effect was more significant than the total strain amplitude influences in cyclic behaviors.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89376065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating ex situ rates of carbon dioxide flux from northern Borneo peat swamp soils 评估北婆罗洲泥炭沼泽土壤的迁地二氧化碳通量率
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.2
Eliza Low Ying Si, M. Chadwick, T. Smith, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri
{"title":"Evaluating ex situ rates of carbon dioxide flux from northern Borneo peat swamp soils","authors":"Eliza Low Ying Si, M. Chadwick, T. Smith, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study quantified CO2 emissions from tropical peat swamp soils in Brunei Darussalam. At each site, soil was collected from areas of intact and degraded peat and CO2 flux, and total organic content were measured ex situ. Soil organic content (~20–99%) was not significantly different between intact and degraded forest samples. CO2 flux was higher for intact forest samples than degraded forest samples (~1.0 vs. ~0.6 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively) but did not differ among forest locations. From our laboratory experiments, we estimated a potential emissions of ~10–20 t CO2 ha−1 y−1 which is in the lower range of values reported for other tropical peat swamps. However, our results are likely affected by unmeasured variation in root respiration and the lability of resident carbon. Overall, these findings provide experimental evidence to support that clearance of tropical peat swamp forests can increase CO2 emissions due to faster rates of decomposition.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87289086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The robustness of land equivalent ratio as a measure of yield advantage of multi-crop systems over monocultures 土地等效比率作为衡量多作物系统相对于单一作物系统产量优势的稳健性
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.33
Debal Deb, Sreejata Dutta
{"title":"The robustness of land equivalent ratio as a measure of yield advantage of multi-crop systems over monocultures","authors":"Debal Deb, Sreejata Dutta","doi":"10.1017/exp.2021.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Land equivalent ratio (LER) is a most widely used indicator of yield advantage of multi-crop farms over sole-crop farms, and usually measured using crop biomass yield per unit area. Most often, crop yields are compared between both systems using the same area. In this paper, we demonstrate that although the yield per unit area and the yield per plant are widely different, LER remains invariant. As a corollary, area time equivalent ratio and land use efficiency, derived from LER, also remain unchanged when using the two different measures of crop yields. We recommend that when the estimation of the exact land area is difficult due to complex crop planting designs, yield per plant estimate is much easier and equally valid for estimation of LER and its derivative indices.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"352 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80044992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A negative charge at position D+5 of Motif A is critical for function of the major facilitator superfamily multidrug/H+antiporter MdtM Motif A的D+5位置的负电荷对主要促进剂超家族多药/H+反转运蛋白MdtM的功能至关重要
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.1
C. J. Law
{"title":"A negative charge at position D+5 of Motif A is critical for function of the major facilitator superfamily multidrug/H+antiporter MdtM","authors":"C. J. Law","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance represents a major public health risk. The activity of integral membrane transporter proteins contributes to antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria and proton gradient-driven multidrug efflux representatives of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of secondary transporters are the dominant antimicrobial efflux proteins in Escherichia coli. In many, but not all, of the characterized MFS multidrug transporters, an aspartic acid residue at position D+5 of the conserved signature Motif A is essential for transport activity. The present work extends those studies to the E. coli MFS multidrug/H+ antiporter MdtM and used a combination of mutagenesis, expression studies, antimicrobial resistance assays, and transport activity measurements to reveal that a negatively charged residue at position D+5 is critical for MdtM transport function.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89279556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An assessment of hydrogen sulfide intrusion in the seagrass Halodule wrightii 海草中硫化氢入侵的评价
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.15
Sebastian Rubiano-Rincon, P. Larkin
{"title":"An assessment of hydrogen sulfide intrusion in the seagrass Halodule wrightii","authors":"Sebastian Rubiano-Rincon, P. Larkin","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S, “sulfide”) is a naturally occurring component of the marine sediment. Eutrophication of coastal waters, however, can lead to an excess of sulfide production that can prove toxic to seagrasses. We used stable sulfur isotope ratio (δ34S) measurements to assess sulfide intrusion in the seagrass Halodule wrightii, a semi-tropical species found throughout the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and both western and eastern Atlantic coasts. We found a gradient in δ34S values (−5.58 ± 0.54‰+13.58 ± 0.30‰) from roots to leaves, in accordance with prior observations and those from other species. The results may also represent the first values reported for H. wrightii rhizome tissue. The presence of sulfide-derived sulfur in varying proportions (15–55%) among leaf, rhizome, and root tissues suggests H. wrightii is able to assimilate sedimentary H2S into non-toxic forms that constitute a significant portion of the plant’s total sulfur content.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85947346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental auction confirmation that social desirability bias does not predict willingness to pay for eco-labeled goods 实验拍卖证实，社会期望偏差并不预测愿意支付生态标签的商品
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.24
Kieran Higgins, A. Longo, George Hutchinson
{"title":"Experimental auction confirmation that social desirability bias does not predict willingness to pay for eco-labeled goods","authors":"Kieran Higgins, A. Longo, George Hutchinson","doi":"10.1017/exp.2021.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is often assumed that consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for eco-labeled products in research settings is not because of a desire for environmental protection, but rather that they are socially compelled to make decisions that reflects favorably on them, limiting the validity of findings. Using a second-price Vickrey experimental auction, this study found higher WTP for an eco-labeled product than a comparable good, but that social desirability bias, measured by the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, was not a significant predictor of WTP. Instead, environmental consciousness, environmental knowledge, education, and available information were stronger predictors of WTP for eco-labeled goods.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83043779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exposure to the anthelmintic dinitroaniline oryzalin causes changes in meiotic prophase morphology and loss of synaptonemal complexes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 在秀丽隐杆线虫中，暴露于二硝基苯胺oryzalin会引起减数分裂前期形态的变化和突触复合物的丧失
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.19
P. Goldstein
{"title":"Exposure to the anthelmintic dinitroaniline oryzalin causes changes in meiotic prophase morphology and loss of synaptonemal complexes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"P. Goldstein","doi":"10.1017/exp.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The anthelmintic dinitroaniline oryzalin interferes with the formation of microtubules and inhibits meiosis and mitosis in nematodes. Exposure to oryzalin resulted in deterioration in morphology of the oocytes and loss of synaptonemal complexes at meiotic prophase I. The nuclear matrix and envelope were poorly formed, and the central rachis was diminished. These results provide the basis for the loss of fecundity after treatment with the oryzalin resulting in control of parasitic nematodes.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73109552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Common names decreased in Japan: Further evidence of an increase in individualism 日本常见的名字减少:个人主义增加的进一步证据
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.27
Yuji Ogihara
{"title":"Common names decreased in Japan: Further evidence of an increase in individualism","authors":"Yuji Ogihara","doi":"10.1017/exp.2021.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that unique names increased in Japan, which shows a rise in uniqueness-seeking and individualism. To increase the validity of the prior findings, it is important to confirm the robustness of their results. Therefore, this study examined another indicator of historical changes in names in Japan. Specifically, I investigated whether the rates of common names decreased in Japan between 2004 and 2018. The dataset used in the previous study was analyzed. The results consistently showed that the rates of common names decreased for both boys and girls for the period. These results were consistent with the previous research, which further increases the validity of the finding that Japanese culture became more individualistic.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73124627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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