Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology最新文献

Nonretentive fecal incontinence in children: current perspectives and future directions. 儿童非保留性大便失禁：目前的观点和未来的方向。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2671177

Shaman Rajindrajith, Wathsala Hathagoda, Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana, Marc Benninga

{"title":"Nonretentive fecal incontinence in children: current perspectives and future directions.","authors":"Shaman Rajindrajith, Wathsala Hathagoda, Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana, Marc Benninga","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2671177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2026.2671177","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-retentive fecal incontinence (NRFI) is an uncommon condition. Those with NRFI often endure considerable social and emotional challenges - such as low self-esteem, embarrassment, and social isolation - that significantly impact their quality of life.Area covered: A literature search conducted using PubMed, and other related databases using appropriate keywords. Relevant articles published in English language were identified and critically appraised to synthesis current evidence and major gaps in the knowledge. The review covers historical aspects of evolution of the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, psychological impact, clinical evaluation, therapeutic modalities and future perspectives of NRFI.Expert opinion: After two decades of research, understanding of NRFI remains substantially minimal. Although we understand the condition is prevailing and having devastated psychological consequences, the pathophysiology of NRFI is still not clear. The knowledge gap significantly affects the development of novel therapeutic options. Future research should focus on elucidating physiological alterations such as gastrointestinal functions and gut-brain interaction using sophisticated high-definition colonic and anorectal manometry and fMRI studies to push the field forward. While using the standard care package to help these children, it is essential to explore the value of biofeedback, pelvic floor physiotherapy and neuromodulation in collaborative trials to advance the treatment options.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update on biliary endoscopy: a comprehensive review. 胆道内窥镜最新进展：全面回顾。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2667876

Yukiko Takayama, Yousuke Nakai, Ryunosuke Hakuta, Ryota Nakabayashi, Nao Otsuka, Noriko Ishigaki, Masataka Kikuyama

{"title":"Update on biliary endoscopy: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Yukiko Takayama, Yousuke Nakai, Ryunosuke Hakuta, Ryota Nakabayashi, Nao Otsuka, Noriko Ishigaki, Masataka Kikuyama","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2667876","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2667876","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has shifted from diagnostic to therapeutic procedures such as stone extraction and biliary drainage. In addition, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has an important role in biliary endoscopy, too. While the role of endoscopy for biliary tract diseases has expanded to various indications, endoscopists need to select appropriate procedures or devices from various options.Area covered: Our review covers various aspects of endoscopic procedures for biliary tract diseases. To support this review, a PubMed search was conducted on biliary endoscopy, focusing on the most relevant papers with no time restrictions. Treatment selection for bile duct stones includes ampullary interventions and peroral cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy. Biliary drainage using fully covered metal stents are widely selected both for distal malignant and benign biliary strictures but plastic stents are recently preferred for unresectable hilar malignant biliary obstruction. EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is now established as an option in difficult ERCP but can be a first-line treatment if expertise is available.Expert opinion: Modified biliary stents are developed, such as inside stents, stents with antimigration or antireflux features and an individualized approach needs to be investigated. EUS-BD can be applied to various procedures, but its training is to be established for safe performance.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Before the scope: precision medicine in medication management for endoscopic safety and quality. 前scope：精准医学在用药管理中注重内镜的安全和质量。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2665306

Syed Anjum Gardezi, Fuad Muafa, Mohammad Al Awamy, Zahrah Al Omran, Antonio Facciorusso, Eyad Gadour

{"title":"Before the scope: precision medicine in medication management for endoscopic safety and quality.","authors":"Syed Anjum Gardezi, Fuad Muafa, Mohammad Al Awamy, Zahrah Al Omran, Antonio Facciorusso, Eyad Gadour","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2665306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2026.2665306","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medication management is central to endoscopic safety because comorbidities, polypharmacy, and variable drug responses can substantially influence procedural risk. This review examines how a precision medicine approach can improve peri-endoscopic decision-making and patient outcomes.Areas covered: A structured literature review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (2000-2025) evaluated evidence on medications and supplements affecting endoscopic safety and efficacy. The review examined drug classes influencing bleeding, sedation, bowel preparation, aspiration, metabolic stability, and diagnostic accuracy, with emphasis on individualized management strategies.Expert opinion: Precision-based medication review should be embedded in routine endoscopy practice through multidisciplinary collaboration, structured reconciliation, and risk stratification. Wider adoption of pharmacogenomic-informed and individualized protocols may reduce preventable complications, improve diagnostic quality, and support safer, more patient-centered care.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the efficacy and future prospects of nutritional and dietary therapies in Crohn's disease. 探讨营养和饮食治疗克罗恩病的疗效和未来前景。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2667874

Takayuki Yamamoto

{"title":"Exploring the efficacy and future prospects of nutritional and dietary therapies in Crohn's disease.","authors":"Takayuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2667874","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2667874","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nutritional therapy has progressed from supportive care to a targeted strategy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD). Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is firmly established as a first-line induction therapy in pediatric CD, achieving remission rates comparable to corticosteroids while simultaneously supporting growth and promoting mucosal healing.Areas covered: This review outlines enteral and dietary interventions in CD. A PubMed (MEDLINE) search identified relevant studies on nutritional and dietary interventions in CD published up to 17 August 2025. In children, EEN is validated; in adults, its use is more selective, with evidence supporting benefit in mild-to-moderate disease, intolerance to pharmacologic agents, and perioperative optimization. Elemental or low-residue formulas are particularly relevant for patients with stricturing disease or malnutrition. Partial enteral nutrition and structured exclusion diets, such as the Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), offer feasible long-term approaches. Regional differences persist, as Japan has established reimbursement pathways facilitating enteral nutrition, whereas Western countries generally prioritize pharmacologic therapies.Expert opinion: Enteral nutrition remains a valuable therapeutic option in CD when applied to carefully selected patients. Although biologics and small molecules dominate current management, individualized patient selection, adherence support, and multidisciplinary education are critical to maximize its therapeutic impact.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gastric electrophysiology. 胃电生理学。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2663975

Mohammad Bashashati, Christopher N Andrews, Jiande D Z Chen, Richard W McCallum, Kenneth L Koch

{"title":"Gastric electrophysiology.","authors":"Mohammad Bashashati, Christopher N Andrews, Jiande D Z Chen, Richard W McCallum, Kenneth L Koch","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2663975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2026.2663975","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The mechanical activity of the stomach is mediated by electrical signals. Circular smooth muscle contractions and propagation of peristaltic waves occur during plateau/action potentials and are linked to slow waves generated by interstitial cells of Cajal. These electrical activities form the basis of gastric electrophysiology (EP). Test meals elicit three per minute peristaltic contractions. In contrast, test meals may evoke gastric dysrhythmias in patients with gastroparesis and chronic unexplained nausea. Postprandial gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) can be recorded with noninvasive electrogastrogram (EGG) and body surface gastric mapping (BSGM).Areas covered: This article overviews gastric slow waves, the electrical event that controls 3 cycles per minute (cpm) peristaltic contractions, their cellular origin, propagation patterns, electro-contractile coupling of smooth muscle cells, and modulation by the nervous system and hormones.Expert opinion/commentary: Gastric EP is a growing field with a 100-year-old history. Studies of dysrhythmic GMA in a variety of nausea conditions stimulated recent interest in gastric EP. Conventional EGG recordings use three electrodes with a single channel GMA signal recording. BSGM uses 64 electrodes with multiple channel recordings, providing various phenotypes, new diagnostic categories and new approaches to therapy for gastric motility disorders.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training in diagnostic and interventional endoscopic ultrasound: a state-of-the-art review. 诊断和介入性内窥镜超声的培训：最新的回顾。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2662559

Giulia Palumbo, Gianenrico Rizzatti, Fabrizio Termite, Andrea Tringali, Giulia Tripodi, Ivo Boskoski, Cristiano Spada

{"title":"Training in diagnostic and interventional endoscopic ultrasound: a state-of-the-art review.","authors":"Giulia Palumbo, Gianenrico Rizzatti, Fabrizio Termite, Andrea Tringali, Giulia Tripodi, Ivo Boskoski, Cristiano Spada","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2662559","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2662559","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has progressed from a primarily diagnostic modality to an essential diagnostic and therapeutic platform. The rapid expansion of EUS indications, particularly in advanced biliopancreatic interventions, has exposed important limitations in traditional training paradigms.Areas covered: This state-of-the-art review analyzes current approaches to training in diagnostic and interventional EUS, focusing on their strengths and limitations. We examine the declining relevance of fixed procedural volume thresholds and the growing adoption of competency-based educational frameworks supported by validated assessment tools. Key elements include structured curricula, performance assessment, simulation-based training, stepwise acquisition of interventional skills, and complication management. Emerging applications of artificial intelligence are also reviewed. The literature was identified through targeted searches of major biomedical databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus) covering the period from January 2000 to January 2026, along with relevant international guideline documents.Expert opinion: Competency-based training should be considered the foundation of modern EUS education. Future models will increasingly rely on simulation, artificial intelligence-driven feedback, and longitudinal performance monitoring to enhance objectivity and reproducibility. International harmonization of training standards remains essential.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. 肝硬化的静脉曲张出血。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2656231

Beatriz Sordi Chara, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao

{"title":"Variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis.","authors":"Beatriz Sordi Chara, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2656231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2656231","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Variceal bleeding (VB) is a defining event of decompensation in cirrhosis and remains cause of morbidity and mortality. The presence of other decompensating events determines management and prognosis.Areas covered: This review discusses risk-stratified management and prevention of VB, including acute therapy, indications for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and stage-specific primary and secondary prophylaxis. A PubMed/MEDLINE search prioritized trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines.Expert opinion: In patients presenting with VB, standard management consists of vasoconstrictive drugs, antibiotics, and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). If bleeding cannot be controlled, TIPS placement should be considered. Recent studies show preemptive TIPS confers survival benefit in patients at high risk of failing standard therapy, defined as Child-Pugh scores 10-13 or 8-9 with active bleeding at endoscopy. In patients whose bleeding is controlled who do not undergo TIPS during the acute episode, secondary prophylaxis consists of nonselective beta-blockers (NSBBs) plus EVL. In patients with ascites, NSBB or EVL is recommended for high-risk varices to prevent first bleeding. In compensated cirrhosis, the goal is to prevent decompensation, including VB, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Therapy targets patients at high risk of decompensation defined by clinically significant portal hypertension using elastography and platelet count. NSBBs, preferably carvedilol, are recommended.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The non-surgical therapy of uncomplicated gallbladder stones: is there a niche? 无并发症胆囊结石的非手术治疗：是否有一个利基？

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2656233

Tilman Sauerbruch, Frank Lammert

{"title":"The non-surgical therapy of uncomplicated gallbladder stones: is there a niche?","authors":"Tilman Sauerbruch, Frank Lammert","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2656233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2026.2656233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Western countries gallstone prevalence is around 10%. 80% are cholesterol stones. The elucidation of their pathophysiology, particularly from the 1970s to the 1990s, led to the development of various non-surgical treatments. The disadvantages of these therapies, together with the development of minimally invasive gallbladder removal, have largely rendered non-surgical approaches obsolete. However, a relatively high proportion of patients who undergo cholecystectomy do not become completely symptom-free. To this end, we address the role of non-surgical therapy for uncomplicated gallbladder stones, which has received little attention in recent decades.Areas covered: Based on extensive research in PubMed we present the pathophysiology of stones, oral litholysis, direct litholysis and shock wave lithotripsy. The role of these treatments to surgery in selective therapy as well as primary and secondary prevention is discussed. Moreover, we allude to the association of cholesterol gallstones with cardiovascular disorders.Expert opinion: Too little is known about when and how gallstones develop and how gallstones respond to preventive measures regarding cardiovascular diseases. Further research is needed for a more individualized therapy - especially with respect to non-surgical approaches - of the rather benign gallstone disease that nevertheless has a high impact on health economics.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical review of technical progress, clinical heterogeneity, and implementation challenges of artificial intelligence in digestive endoscopy. 人工智能在消化内窥镜检查中的技术进步、临床异质性和实施挑战。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2646299

Eyad Gadour, Bodour Raheem, Antonio Facciorusso

{"title":"A critical review of technical progress, clinical heterogeneity, and implementation challenges of artificial intelligence in digestive endoscopy.","authors":"Eyad Gadour, Bodour Raheem, Antonio Facciorusso","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2646299","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2646299","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Digestive endoscopy is a critical modality for diagnosing and managing gastrointestinal diseases, yet it faces challenges including operator dependence, procedural complexity, and potential complications. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising adjunct to address these limitations by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and optimizing procedural workflows.Areas covered: This review comprehensively examines the application of AI across diverse clinical practices in digestive endoscopy. Key areas include lesion detection and diagnosis, lesion characterization and classification, quality control, workflow optimization, and therapeutic guidance. Additionally, it highlights the principal AI technologies that have received regulatory approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European CE marking, underscoring their clinical readiness and integration potential.Expert opinion: AI demonstrates significant potential to improve endoscopic outcomes by augmenting lesion detection rates and diagnostic precision. However, the translation of AI innovations into routine clinical practice is tempered by challenges, such as variability in clinical effectiveness, dependency on procedural quality, domain generalizability, and cost-effectiveness considerations. Future advancements should focus on enhancing AI robustness, integrating multimodal data, and establishing sustainable implementation frameworks to maximize clinical benefit while maintaining patient safety and ethical standards.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"335-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical role of anti-PD-1 immunotherapies in esophageal cancer. 抗pd -1免疫治疗在食管癌中的临床作用。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2026.2646298

Momoko Sano, Hiroshi Imazeki, Shun Yamamoto, Ken Kato

{"title":"Clinical role of anti-PD-1 immunotherapies in esophageal cancer.","authors":"Momoko Sano, Hiroshi Imazeki, Shun Yamamoto, Ken Kato","doi":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2646298","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17474124.2026.2646298","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anti-PD-1 antibodies in pharmacotherapy for esophageal cancer have caused a paradigm shift in the treatment strategy. New evidence is being generated not only for metastatic or recurrent cases, but also in the perioperative setting, and the role of anti-PD-1 antibodies in the treatment of esophageal cancer will continue to increase.Areas covered: This review summarizes the clinical role of approved anti-PD-1 antibodies, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and discusses additional agents supported by phase 3 evidence. We emphasize current standards of care across metastatic and perioperative settings while briefly addressing emerging strategies under clinical evaluation.Expert opinion: Anti-PD-1 antibodies containing therapies have become central to ESCC management, improving survival in both metastatic and perioperative settings. Regional phase 3 trials have expanded therapeutic options, although differences in regulatory approval influence global accessibility. Despite these advances, optimal patient selection remains challenging, and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. Future progress will depend on biomarker development, treatment sequencing, and integration of emerging strategies supported by robust clinical evidence.","PeriodicalId":12257,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"325-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0