Experimental cell research最新文献

{"title":"Hsa_circ_0001640 inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting the MiR-942-5p/PTEN axis to inhibit the progression of non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Yanting Wang ,&nbsp;Xinlin Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin He","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main pathological type of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality. To identify specific biomarkers, we characterized aberrantly expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in NSCLC. We found that hsa_circ_0001640 expression was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001640 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells.Dual-luciferase assays confirmed the interaction between hsa_circ_0001640 and miR-942-5p. Co-transfection of miR-942-5p with hsa_circ_0001640 partially reversed the effects of hsa_circ_0001640 overexpression on tumor cell biological behaviors. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001640 inactivated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting the miR-942-5p/PTEN axis, thereby suppressing NSCLC progression. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of hsa_circ_0001640 suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in mice.Our findings will provide a new marker and possible target for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the in vitro response of the Sapajus cay (Primates: Platyrrhini) genome to exposure to the radiomimetic bleomycin","authors":"Mariela Nieves ,&nbsp;Romina Celeste Páez ,&nbsp;Esteban Orlando Ferreras ,&nbsp;Melina Noelia Ortuño Orgaz ,&nbsp;Nancy Beatriz Andrioli","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bleomycin (BLM) is an antitumor and antibiotic agent widely used as a positive control in genotoxicity assays due to its ability to induce mutagenic effects across multiple organisms. In mammalian cells, BLM causes chromosomal damage, affecting both chromatids and chromosomes, including complex aberrations involving multiple chromosomes. A key question arises regarding the response to BLM-induced genotoxic stress in genomes with pronounced structural differences from the human genome, which may influence genomic stability. The <em>Sapajus</em> genus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) is notable for its genome, which contains approximately 8–15 % heterochromatin—an unusually high proportion compared to other platyrrhines—and its remarkable conservation of euchromatic regions relative to the human karyotype. Given the critical role of heterochromatin in genome stability, understanding the DNA damage response mechanisms in heterochromatin-enriched genomes like that of <em>Sapajus</em> is essential to assessing their implications for chromosomal integrity and adaptation. In this study, peripheral blood lymphocytes from <em>Sapajus cay</em> were exposed to BLM, resulting in the induction of dicentrics, chromosomal and chromatid breaks. Notably, no complex chromosomal figures involving multiple chromosomes were observed. These findings provide valuable insights into the genomic stability of <em>Sapajus cay</em> in response to genotoxic stress, with potential implications for evolutionary and biomedical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro dynamics of oyster hemocytes in plasma-based primary cultures","authors":"Danielle F. Mello ,&nbsp;Rafael Trevisan ,&nbsp;Yasmine Even ,&nbsp;Valentin Foulon ,&nbsp;Christophe Lambert ,&nbsp;Heloísa B. Gabe ,&nbsp;Manon Le Goff ,&nbsp;Claudie Quére ,&nbsp;Fernando R. Queiroga ,&nbsp;Christophe Brigaudeau ,&nbsp;Hélène Talarmin ,&nbsp;Caroline Montagnani ,&nbsp;Guillaume M. Charrière ,&nbsp;Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Madec ,&nbsp;Charlotte Corporeau","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemocytes are specialized cells found in the circulatory system of invertebrates, such as marine bivalves, and play crucial roles in physiology and health. However, in bivalves, in-depth studies on their <em>in vitro</em> biology beyond one or two days remain scarce, particularly in <em>Crassostrea</em> (<em>Magallana</em>) <em>gigas</em>. In this study, we characterized the hemocytes isolated from triploid <em>C. gigas</em> oysters, maintained <em>in vitro</em> in their natural medium, hemolymph plasma, to assess their morphological, behavioral, and metabolic status over 21 days. A diverse population of hemocyte morphotypes, including granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells, was preserved for up to seven days, displaying various shapes and spreading patterns. By days 14 and 21, blast-like cells and hyalinocytes were less represented, showcasing granulocytes as the most resilient subpopulation <em>in vitro</em>. Despite this decline in subpopulation diversity, we confirmed through cell viability and metabolic assays, combined with live-cell imaging, that the remaining cells remained alive and active throughout the culture period. Notably, key indicators of cellular homeostasis such as membrane integrity, ATP levels, mitochondrial content, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) remained stable in these surviving cells. Phagocytic activity persisted over the full 21 days, with a marked increase after two weeks in culture. Certain time-dependent changes were observed, including a decrease in total basal ROS production from day 7 and a significant increase in neutral lipid storage by day 21. Live-cell imaging revealed two modes of cell motility: pseudopod-dependent and lamellipodium-dependent membrane extensions. Fibroblast-like hyalinocytes remained non-motile. Interestingly, not all motile granulocytes display phagocytic behavior and non-motile fibroblast-like hyalinocytes lack phagocytic activity entirely, highlighting the functional diversity within the different morphotypes identified in our cultures. By presenting an innovative method for sustaining primary marine invertebrate cell cultures using hemolymph plasma and leveraging different cell-based assays and live-cell imaging, this study provides a platform for investigating morphology, behavior, metabolism, and immune function of these cells under controlled <em>in vitro</em> conditions. Additionally, by highlighting the selective decline of certain hemocyte subpopulations, this study offers an <em>in vitro</em> model well-suited for future research into hemocyte lifespan and cell death mechanisms. Importantly, our framework not only advances research on bivalve hemocyte biology but also contributes to the broader field of experimental and comparative cell biology, with potential with applications in immunology, ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, molecular screening, and health innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PAI-1 regulates extracellular matrix remodeling and alters fibroblast profibrotic ability in skeletal muscle repair","authors":"Na Li ,&nbsp;Xing-yu Lu ,&nbsp;Jie-yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Li-hong Dang ,&nbsp;Jin-fang Liu ,&nbsp;Fang-yu Wu ,&nbsp;Xi-mei Cao ,&nbsp;Xin-hua Liang ,&nbsp;Jun-hong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis severely impair skeletal muscle function, underscoring the urgent need to explore new strategies for improving muscle regeneration. Fibroblasts, as the primary source of ECM in skeletal muscle, can trigger persistent ECM deposition when aberrantly activated. Here, we identify a pivotal role for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in modulating fibroblast profibrotic activity and ECM remodeling. Our results show that PAI-1 expression rises at the early stages of muscle repair, and pharmacologic inhibition of PAI-1 increases transient ECM deposition. In vitro, PAI-1 inhibition promotes fibroblast proliferation, activation, and ECM production partly via the Notch signaling pathway, a finding further supported by in vivo evidence of early Notch activation in PAI-1–inhibited muscle. These insights reveal an expanded function for PAI-1 in regulating the behavior of muscle fibroblasts beyond its well-known fibrinolytic role, providing a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing muscle regeneration and preserving muscle homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DDB1 promotes pituitary adenoma progression by enhancing PAK1-mediated aerobic glycolysis","authors":"Shuangwu Yang ,&nbsp;Yuefei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunchao Yuan,&nbsp;Dakuan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA damage binding protein 1 (DDB1), a substrate receptor of CUL4-DDB1 E3 ligase, is overexpressed in various cancers and acts as a tumor promoting factor. However, the role of DDB1 in the metabolism of pituitary adenoma (PA) remains unclear. Here, we found that DDB1 was upregulated in PA tissues, and silencing DDB1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, prolactin (PRL) secretion and aerobic glycolysis in PA cells, whereas DDB1 overexpression had the opposite effect. We also confirmed that the co-localization and interaction of DDB1 and PAK1 using Co-IP and dual immunofluorescence experiments. Further analysis of cell functions showed that PAK1 knockdown or 2DG treatment reversed the effect of DDB1 overexpression on proliferation, cell cycle, PRL secretion, aerobic glycolysis, and apoptosis in PA cell lines. Importantly, we observed that overexpression of DDB1 <em>in vivo</em> promoted tumor growth in xenograft mice, which could be reversed by knockout of PAK1. In short, DDB1 promotes PA tumor growth and PRL secretion by enhancing PAK1-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Our results reveal that targeting the DDB1/PAK1 axis may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for PA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of TSPO transmembrane transport-mediated paeonol mitochondrial antioxidant on dexamethasone-induced mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress damage, and apoptosis in SV40-MES-13 cells","authors":"Yuqi Yang ,&nbsp;Yiye Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Ruonan Dang ,&nbsp;Ping Fan ,&nbsp;Fenglan Feng ,&nbsp;Xingrong Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinjin Deng ,&nbsp;Meng Wei ,&nbsp;Xinglan Huang ,&nbsp;Caifeng Huang ,&nbsp;Suiying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqiong Deng ,&nbsp;Chunming Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Yan ,&nbsp;Xinhua Xia ,&nbsp;Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiping Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dexamethasone (DEX) can induce pathological kidney injury but is still a first-line therapeutic agent; thus, elucidating the mechanism of DEX-induced kidney injury and developing targeted therapies to mitigate its effects are imperative. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mitochondrial targeting mechanism of the natural plant compound paeonol on DEX-induced mesangial cell injury. To achieve this, we employed RT q-PCR and Western blot analyses to quantify gene/protein expression, flow cytometry for apoptosis assessment (Annexin V/PI staining) and mtROS detection (MitoSOX Red), JC-1 probe for mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurement, and High-sensitivity structured illumination microscopy (HiS-SIM) imaging for ultrastructural analysis. ATP synthesis assays and malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification were used to evaluate mitochondrial function and lipid peroxidation, respectively, while Mn-SOD activity was determined via enzymatic assays. Paeonol counteracted these effects via four mechanisms: restoration of mitochondrial ultrastructure. reactivation of MRCC IV activity, reduction of mtROS and malondialdehyde, and enhancement of manganese superoxide dismutase antioxidant capacity. Crucially, paeonol used the mitochondrial entry mechanism mediated by the translocater protein (TSPO). By blocking the oxidative stress-apoptosis cascade, downregulating BAX, preserving BCL-2, and inhibiting cytochrome <em>c</em> efflux, the early/late apoptotic population was significantly reduced. This study confirmed that TSPO-mediated intra-mitochondrial antioxidant paeonol alleviates DX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in SV40-MES-13 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TFPI and ROCK1 serve as the key genes in the vasculogenic mimicry-related prognostic nomogram for glioblastoma","authors":"Zong-Qing Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhichao Tian ,&nbsp;Guannan Jiang ,&nbsp;Haitao Shen ,&nbsp;Zongqi Wang ,&nbsp;Haiying Li ,&nbsp;Zhengquan Yu ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Gao ,&nbsp;Zhong Wang ,&nbsp;Wanchun You ,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the predominant malignant brain tumor, characterized by unfavorable prognoses. The identification of novel molecular markers plays a pivotal role in advancing clinical prognosis. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been reported to serve a crucial role in angiogenesis within glioblastoma (GBM). Thus, we extracted data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Subsequently, we used Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis combined with univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis to identify meaningful VM-related genes (VRGs). Based on these analyses, the VM index model and risk score model were built. The reliability of the model was then tested using CGGA data, western blotting, and tube formation assay experiments. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the accuracy of these models. The correlation of TFPI and ROCK1 with tumor characteristics and immune infiltration was explored with the help of TIMER. Vitro experiments revealed that reducing the expression of ROCK1 and TFPI tended to decrease the formation of vascular-like tubes on Matrix-Gel™ compared to the control siRNA groups. Our findings suggest that ROCK1 and TFPI contribute to GBM metastasis through vasculogenic mimicry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-trimester trophoblast stem cell function is impaired in fetal growth restriction","authors":"Cherry Sun ,&nbsp;Teena KJB. Gamage ,&nbsp;Jasper Perry ,&nbsp;Vicky Fan ,&nbsp;Lawrence W. Chamley ,&nbsp;Joanna L. James","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trophoblasts are epithelial cells critical for placental development and function, ensuring healthy fetal growth. We have previously isolated trophoblast stem cells (TSC) from first trimester placentae using the side-population technique, showing that they persist to term for the first time, and are depleted in fetal growth restriction (FGR) – a serious condition of pregnancy where placental exchange function is impaired. However, the functional role of TSC in pregnancy pathologies has not previously been directly examined. Here, we first demonstrate that third-trimester side-population trophoblasts represent a TSC population that can differentiate into mature trophoblast lineages in a similar manner to their first trimester counterparts, and then combine transcriptomic and functional studies to demonstrate deficits in proliferation, differentiation, and susceptibility to cell death in FGR. Together, such stem cell level defects may have profound impacts on all downstream trophoblast lineages, potentially explaining why placentation is impaired in FGR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and lung cancer: the role of macrophages","authors":"Xiaoxia Yang ,&nbsp;Lin Gao ,&nbsp;Dandan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a significant increase in incidence among the elderly population. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a unique subset of macrophages that play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. With aging, macrophages exhibit decreased migratory and phagocytic efficiency, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and M2 polarization. In the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer, aging significantly affects the functionality and polarization of macrophages through alterations in signaling pathways, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and epigenetic changes, thereby influencing the immune state and progression of lung cancer. This review aims to summarize the impact of macrophage changes during the senescence process on the progression of lung cancer, providing insights for targeted macrophage polarization and functional therapy in lung cancer within the context of the senescence microenvironment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals PAX5-mediated naïve B cell differentiation defect in severe adenoid hypertrophy","authors":"Jie Kang ,&nbsp;Yunxiao Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingfeng Yao ,&nbsp;Shengcai Wang ,&nbsp;Zhifei Xu ,&nbsp;Xin Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adenoid hypertrophy significantly impacts pediatric upper airway function, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study characterizes the cellular landscape in adenoid hypertrophy using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adenoid tissue samples were obtained from pediatric patients diagnosed with either severe hypertrophic adenoids (SHA) and mild to moderate hypertrophic adenoids (MHA). scRNA-seq was performed to generate transcriptomic profiles at single-cell resolution. Clustering and differential expression analyses were performed, with pseudotime trajectory, cell-cell communication, and copy number variation analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of 45,917 single-cell transcriptomes revealed 18 distinct cell clusters with B cells predominating. SHA samples exhibited significant enrichment of naïve B cells with corresponding reduction of memory B cells, suggesting disrupted B cell differentiation. Pseudotime analysis confirmed B cell differentiation disruption in SHA, with cells accumulating at the naïve B cell stage. Notably, paired box gene 5 (PAX5), a master transcription factor essential for B cell lineage commitment but typically downregulated during terminal differentiation, was significantly upregulated in SHA. CNV analysis showed no evidence of clonal expansion or malignant transformation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings reveal that adenoid hypertrophy is characterized by impaired B cell differentiation with accumulation of naïve B cells and PAX5 overexpression, suggesting a differentiation blockade as a novel pathogenic mechanism. These insights offer potential therapeutic targets within the B cell maturation pathway, including modulation of PAX5 activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12227,"journal":{"name":"Experimental cell research","volume":"450 2","pages":"Article 114675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}