European Scientific Journal, ESJ最新文献

{"title":"Hábitos Alimentarios en Estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería e Ingeniería de una Universidad Pública","authors":"A. Díaz, Daniela Ugalde Fonseca, Ruth Magdalena Gallegos Torres, Sarket Gizeh Juárez Nilo","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p22","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción. Las prácticas de alimentación están influenciadas por diferentes factores: sociodemográficos, como edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad, entre otros. Se le denomina hábitos alimentarios al conjunto de conductas adquiridas por un individuo, por la repetición de actos en cuanto a la selección, la preparación y el consumo de los alimentos. En el presente estudio se evaluaron la facultad de enfermería e ingeniería ya que una es del área de la salud y otra no, se buscaba encontrar diferencias. Objetivo. Comparar los hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Enfermería e Ingeniería Civil de una Universidad Pública en el año 2022 en la ciudad de Querétaro.  Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo-comparativo. Se aplicó la herramienta de recolección de datos “Cuestionario autocompletado de hábitos alimentarios para adolescentes” que consta de 27 preguntas de las cuales se compone por 4 secciones. Alfa de Cronbach en consistencia interna de 0,7 a 0,9. Se abordaron estudiantes mayores de 18  y menores de 21 años, ambos géneros. Para el análisis se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos mediante promedios y frecuencias. Resultados. De un total de 254 estudiantes que participaron en el estudio el 44.4% (113) pertenecen a la Licenciatura en Enfermería, 55.5% (141) pertenecen a la Licenciatura en Ingeniería Civil. Los hábitos alimentarios de la población universitaria estudiada fueron parcialmente inadecuados, de los cuales, los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería mostraron un 74% y de la Licenciatura en Ingeniería 77%, donde esta diferencia no se encontró estadísticamente significativa  (X2=1.246,gl=2,p=0.536). Conclusión. El resultado más importante fue que no hubo diferencia entre los hábitos alimentarios de las diferentes licenciaturas involucradas.  \u0000  \u0000Introduction. Feeding practices are influenced by different factors: sociodemographic, such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, and education, among others. Eating habits are the behaviors acquired by an individual, because of the repetition of acts related to the selection, preparation, and consumption of food. In the present study, the nursing and engineering faculty were evaluated because one is from the health area and the other is not, we were expecting to find differences. Aim: Compare the eating habits of students of the Faculty of Nursing and Civil Engineering of a Public University in 2022 in the city of Querétaro. Methodology. Quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive-comparative study. The data collection tool “Self-completed eating habits questionnaire for adolescents” was applied, which consists of 27 questions which are made up of 4 sections. Cronbach's alpha in internal consistency from 0.7 to 0.9. Students over 18 and under 21 years of age, both genders, were approached. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used through averages and frequencies. Results. Of a total of 254 students who participated in the study, 4","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"116 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation de la Mise en Oeuvre des SONU dans le Département des Collines (Benin) en 2022","authors":"Joachim G. Aïfa, Florence Abraham, R. Klikpezo, B. G. Damien, Badirou Aguemon, E. Ouendo","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p180","url":null,"abstract":"Objectif : Evaluer la mise en œuvre des soins obstétricaux et néonataux d’urgence (SONU) dans le département des Collines (Bénin). Cadre et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, descriptive à visée évaluative ayant porté sur l’adéquation de la structure, le processus ainsi que le niveau de performance des 9 centres SONU que compte le département des Collines. Le traitement et l’analyse des données ont été faits à l’aide du logiciel Microsoft Excel 2016. Résultats : La qualité de la structure était bonne dans 3 centres SONU sur 9. La qualité du processus quant à elle était bonne dans 2 centres SONU sur 9. Les points forts de la mise en oeuvre étaient la réalisation des audits de décès maternels et néonatals suivis de rétro-information, la disponibilité du personnel de santé qualifié dans les centres SONU, la permanence et la continuité des soins. Conclusion : Il ressort de cette évaluation que la performance des centres SONU du département des Collines est globalement moyenne et mérite des actions correctives. \u0000  \u0000Objective: Evaluate the implementation of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (SONU) in the Collines department (Benin). Framework and methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with an evaluative aim which focused on the adequacy of the structure, the process as well as the level of performance of the 9 EmONC centers in the Collines department. Data processing and analysis were done using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results: The quality of the structure was good in 3 out of 9 EmONC centers. The quality of the process was good in 2 EmONC centers out of 9. The strong points of the implementation were the carrying out of maternal and neonatal death audits followed by feedback, the availability of qualified health personnel in the EmONC centers, the permanence and continuity of care. Conclusion: It appears from this evaluation that the performance of the SONU centers in the Collines department is generally average and deserves corrective actions.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"115 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carecterisation des Secheresses de la Region d’Atismo Andrefana de Madagascar via Standard Percitipation Index (SPI)","authors":"Rija Santaniaina Rakotoarimanana, T.R. Ramahefy, S. Randrianja","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p34","url":null,"abstract":"Dans cet article, l’étude vise à caractériser les sécheresses de la Région d’Atsimo Andrefana de Madagascar par l’utilisation du Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). Cette région est choisie car elle est confrontée à une sécheresse dévastatrice qui est parmi les sources de la famine touchant cette région. Cette étude pourrait être une étape importante menant vers la prédiction ou prévision de sécheresse dans cette région. Elle pourrait aider les acteurs concernés à adopter des stratégies appropriées pour y faire face. Le SPI est un outil simple à utiliser pour la caractérisation de sécheresse. Seules les données de précipitation sont nécessaires pour le calcul. En effet, les SPI à différents pas de temps sont calculés afin d’avoir les variations, les catégories, l’occurrence et la fréquence de la sécheresse météorologique dans cette région. Ces résultats sont analysés et interprétés pour en tirer la caractérisation. Les données utilisées sont des données pluviométriques dans les relevés mensuels de précipitation, du mois de janvier 1990 jusqu’au mois de mai 2022 de la Région d’Atsimo Andrefana de Madagascar. Les résultats pour une période d’accumulation de précipitation plus courte montrent qu’il se produit aux moins 13 épisodes de sécheresse légère tous les 10 ans, 13 épisodes de sécheresse modérée tous les 33 ans, 9 épisodes de sécheresses sévères tous les 20 ans et 5 épisodes de sécheresse extrême tous les 33 ans. Les résultats relatifs aux périodes d’accumulation moyenne montrent qu’il présente 9 à 26 épisodes de sécheresse légère tous les 20 ans, 8 à 13 épisodes de sécheresse modérée tous les 33 ans, et 9 à 15 épisodes de sécheresse sévère tous les 33 ans, 4 à 5 épisodes de sécheresse extrême tous les 33 ans. Pour les périodes d’accumulation plus longues, les résultats exposent qu’il se manifeste 6 à 11 épisodes de sécheresse légère et 6 épisodes de sécheresse modérée tous les 25 ans, 2 à 5 épisodes de sécheresse sévère et 2 à 4 épisodes de sécheresse extrême tous les 33 ans. La probabilité d’occurrence des catégories climatiques dans cette étude dépasse largement celle de McKee et al en 1993. \u0000  \u0000In this article, the study aims to characterize the droughts of the Atsimo Andrefana Region of Madagascar, using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). This region is chosen because it is facing a devastating drought which is among the sources of the famine affecting this region. This study could be an important step leading toward the prediction or forecast of drought in this region. It could help the actors concerned to adopt appropriate strategies to deal with them. The SPI is a simple-to-use tool for drought characterization. Only precipitation data is needed for the calculation. Indeed, the SPIs at different time steps are calculated in order to have the variations, categories, occurrence, and frequency of meteorological drought in this region. These results are analyzed and interpreted to characterize them. The data used are rainfall data in ","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facteurs Associés à la Consommation des AINS en Automédication chez les Patients vus en Rhumatologie à Abidjan","authors":"N. Kollo, Aboubakar Bamba, Aboubacar Condé, Irène Mendo, N. Kpami, Y. Coulibaly, A. Coulibaly, M. Diomandé, E. Eti, Joseph Enoch Koffi, E. Kouakou","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p236","url":null,"abstract":"Objectif: Identifier les facteurs associés à la consommation des AINS en automédication par les patients vus en rhumatologie à Abidjan. \u0000Méthodologie: Etude transversale et analytique menée au sein du service de rhumatologie du CHU de Cocody (Abidjan) du 1er Février 2023 au 31 Juillet 2023, portant sur 388 patients présentant des douleurs ostéoarticulaires venus en consultation de rhumatologie et ayant pratiqué une automédication aux AINS quel que soit la voie d’administration, la durée de consommation et l’ancienneté. Nous avons recherché une corrélation entre les facteurs socio-démographiques, cliniques et l’automédication aux AINS. \u0000Résultats : La fréquence hospitalière de consommation des AINS en automédication était de 76,67%  soit 388 sur 506 personnes recensées pendant la période d’étude. L’effectif comprenait 257 femmes (66,20%) et 131 hommes (33,80%) avec un âge moyen de 52 +/- 16 ans [Extrêmes : 8  et 84 ans]. La  catégorie socio-professionnelle dominante était le secteur informel (35,80%). La majorité des patients était scolarisée (85,10%) avait un niveau socio-économique bas (77,30%) et vivait en milieu urbain (88,90%). Les AINS étaient consommés en majorité pour des rachialgies (70,10%) et des rachialgies avec radiculalgies (64,17%), chroniques (75,50%) mécaniques (63,70%) d’installation progressive (85,80%). Le diclofénac appartenant à la famille des arylcarboxyliques (89,20%) était l’AINS le plus utilisé (76,28%) pour une durée de consommation de moins de 14 jours (75,20 %). Le lieu de prédilection de fourniture en AINS des patients était la pharmacie (76%) et la rue (51,50%) avec une efficacité partielle sur la douleur (79,90%). Les patients avaient une satisfaction mitigée après la prise des AINS (64,70%) et jugeaient leur attitude d’automédication mauvaise (70,60%). Les principales raisons motivant l’automédication étaient l’accessibilité (66,85%) et le conseil d’un tiers (52,83). Le niveau d’étude (p =0,046), le niveau socio-économique (p=0,039) et l’intensité de la douleur (p=0,011) influençaient la prise d’AINS en automédication. \u0000Conclusion: La fréquence de consommation des AINS en automédication est très élevée à Abidjan et les facteurs déterminant cette consommation sont le niveau d’étude, le niveau socio-économique et l’intensité de la douleur.   \u0000  \u0000Objective: To identify the factors associated with self-medication with NSAIDs by patients seen in rheumatology in Abidjan. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in the rheumatology department of the CHU of Cocody (Abidjan) from 1st February 2023 to 31st July 2023, involving 388 patients with osteoarticular pain seen in rheumatology consultations who had done self-medication with NSAIDs, irrespective of the route of administration, duration of use and length of time on the drug. We looked for a correlation between socio-demographic, clinical factors, and self-medication with NSAIDs. \u0000Results: The hospital frequency of self-medication with NSAIDs was ","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Seismic Risk and Adaptive Capacity to Earthquake: The Case of Anse-à-Veau (Haiti)","authors":"Garry Jourdan, Michelet Clerveau, Wisly Dieujuste, Sabine Henry","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p108","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes were responsible for more than half of all natural disaster deaths worldwide between 2000 and 2019. Populations in developing countries are the most affected. What can help stakeholders to increase people adaptive capacity to earthquake in a context of very limited financial resources? The perception of seismic risk by the stakeholders and the perception of their adaptive capacity seemed to be able to influence the stakeholder’s adaptive capacity to earthquakes as well as that of the population. Haiti, a country at risk of earthquakes and ranked among the poorest in the world, is a relevant place to explore the potential people adaptive capacity to earthquake. In 2020, qualitative methods through face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders in the town of Anse-à-Veau. This paper, therefore, focuses on exploring their perceptions of risk and adaptive capacity, just one year before an earthquake in the region. The results show that stakeholders were mostly aware of earthquake risk. This was identified by their perception of seismic risk related to the zone and the perception of their adaptative capacity to deal with earthquakes. Respondents perceived that some drivers such as self-capacity, motivation, and selfresponsibility can increase their adaptive capacity. Some temporal and physical factors have been highlighted as constraints to stakeholders’ adaptive capacity to earthquake. As expected, training, awareness, and appropriate constructions were identified as effective ways to increase the adaptive capacity of stakeholders and that of the local populations to earthquakes. Currently, earthquake unpredictability was seen as a barrier of preparedness. However, some respondents perceived unpredictability as a factor of motivation for earthquake preparedness. Thus, this observation must be examined to find the way that unpredictability can facilitate stakeholders’ adaptive capacity to earthquake or not. Human resources are targeted as the main resource to cope with an earthquake. Also, training and awareness were recognized as means to increase the adaptive capacity of stakeholders and that of the local populations to deal with such an event, despite the limited financial resources.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Rôle de la Justice dans la Mise en Œuvre d’un Développement Durable au Burundi","authors":"Niyongabo Prime","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p219","url":null,"abstract":"Depuis les années 1970, le monde entier est préoccupé par le développement durable, un concept qui est évoqué avec acuité aujourd’hui. Ce concept a été avant tout utilisé par les économistes mais après avoir constaté la complexité de cette notion, d’autres experts ont proposé une approche systémique combinant à la fois l’économique, l’environnemental et le social pour que le progrès souhaité soit réellement durable et profitable aux générations tant présentes que futures. La recherche du profit sans se soucier de l’environnement et des réalités sociales n’a cessé d’être source de maux sans nom comme les crises énergétiques et sociales ayant entrainé des situations meurtrières et destructrices. Or, ces situations dramatiques doivent être gérées par les pouvoirs publics en mettant en place un cadre légal et institutionnel responsable qui est de prime abord garanti par le pouvoir judiciaire indépendant. Cette communication souligne l’interrelation entre l’indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire et le développement durable. L’analyse documentaire principalement utilisée montre qu’au Burundi, la prise en considération de toutes les dimensions du développement est faible et que malgré les réformes, le pouvoir judicaire souffre de la dépendance matérialisée souvent par ses capacités limitées et son faible niveau d’intégrité constituant ainsi un obstacle au développement durable. \u0000Since the 1970s, the whole world has been concerned about sustainable development, a concept that is discussed acutely today. This concept was primarily used by economists but after noting the complexity of this notion, other experts proposed a systemic approach combining economic, environmental, and social aspects so that the desired sustainable progress is truly achieved and profitable for both present and future generations. The search for profit without concern for the environment and social realities has continued to be a source of unspeakable evils such as energy and social crises which have led to deadly and destructive situations. However, these dramatic situations must be managed by the public authorities by putting in place a responsible legal and institutional framework that is primarily guaranteed by the independent judiciary. This communication highlights the interrelation between the independence of the judiciary and sustainable development. The main documentary analysis shows that in Burundi, consideration of all dimensions of development is weak and that despite the reforms, the judiciary power suffers from dependence often materialized by its limited capacities and its low level of integrity which constitutes an obstacle to sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"38 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Our Classrooms: Teachers’ Perceptions on Integrating Transferable Skills in the Classrooms to Create an Active Learning Environment","authors":"Guranda Khabeishvili","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p194","url":null,"abstract":"Despite many efforts to promote transferable skills development, it remains a challenge for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and schools. To improve education practices and meet the challenges of an ever-changing environment, it is vital to introduce a paradigm shift in education. In light of this, it is significant to identify and implement the teaching strategies that facilitate transferable skills development. There has long been a controversy over the traditional pedagogical style of lecture delivery as opposed to an active learning environment in which learners are engaged in the learning process itself. The paper sheds light on various ways of integrating transferable skills in the classroom. It examines diverse methods, teaching/learning strategies, and educational tools that aim at promoting a learner-centered learning environment, to ensure the development of transferable skills, such as critical thinking, teamwork, communication, collaboration, creativity, research skills, etc. Creating such a learning environment stimulates students' interests, engagement, and motivation. Consequently, it overviews a practical application of some activities and strategies that can activate the skills as well as reveals the results of findings that showed teachers’ perception regarding a practical application of some methods and strategies to enhance transferable skills. This research is significant by identifying the indicators of an active learning environment, which encourage educators to reimagine their classrooms and implement innovative teaching practices.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of the Alcestis-Stuff by Euripides and by Wilder","authors":"Franz-Rudolf Herber","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p1","url":null,"abstract":"This is the starting point of the following analysis: Life and death belong indissolubly together, but nobody of us knows what is waiting for us when we will have died. According to Christian religion the dead shall resurrect again and start immediately into an eternal life full of happiness in an unknown atmosphere without any sorrows and any problems to overcome. The ancient writers, that lived before Jesus Christ, had at hand an underworld as the realm of that god that is responsible for death. In very rare and exceptional cases a very deserved dead is given the allowance to enter again into his former earthen life. This procedure of bringing a dead person back to life might be a kind of deal between deities and mankind in this way that another person had to die and then to live in the underworld instead of the doomed person. This stuff is a subject-matter of legends, fairy tales and finally of classical drama. The heroes of the drama are Admetus and Alcestis – a royal couple; Admetus is doomed to death and his wife Alcestis wants to die instead of her husband. This treatise is written by an author who is as well a lawyer as a philologist. The treatise uses modern methods of literary comparison, that the author did learn at the examples of ancient texts and modern texts at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Saarland (Germany). The comparison between the Euripides-version and the Wilder-version is not an end in itself, the comparison aims to show the given literary differences based on the history of the development of the Alcestis-stuff in the light of the fact that the ancient text is the source for the modern text. Thus it becomes once more clear that the texts of old Greek authors do live on in a figurative sense until modern times. Wilder himself is a modern American author who consciously sought connection to antiquity, also because he did go through very intensive university courses in archaeology. This connection to ancient Greek literature, of course, makes modern American literature very attractive for European readers and for readers from other areas of the world.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"98 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Analysis: A GIS-Based Application Tool for Crime Monitoring and Clustering in Malawi","authors":"Chitani Jarves Bob Tobias, Brave Mwanza","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p167","url":null,"abstract":"For the purposes of monitoring, evaluating, and conducting a geographical analysis of crime-related data, the study used geospatial technology to collect crime data based on spatial location and the Malawi Police Data Digest of 2019 and 2020. In a more generic sense, knowing the geographic patterns of crime in Malawi using GIS technology can help determine how to make and implement important decisions to reduce crimes in Malawi. The Malawi Police Service has established a number of database management systems to help with crime monitoring. Notwithstanding, it has not yet fully integrated Geographic Information Systems across all jurisdictions. Maps showing crime locations and crime hotspot zones are therefore not included in the crime data and statistics report provided by the Malawi Police Service. In this light, a lot of people have become victims of various forms of crimes in areas where those crimes are also prevalent. To collect, track, and analyze crime data in Malawi for this study, Geographical Information System (GIS) particularly network analysis techniques were used. Network Analysis was used to identify crime hotspots by analyzing crime data as a network of interconnected events and locations. The rationale behind this was to treat each crime event as a node in the network and the spatial relationships between the crimes as edges. By analyzing this network, patterns and relationships between crime events were revealed, allowing for the identification of crime hotspots. The study found that Lilongwe in the central region and the capital city registered the highest number of crimes seconded by Blantyre in the southern region and followed by Mangochi. Mzimba recorded high crimes in the northern region. In Malawi, the traditional systems of intelligence and criminal record keeping have failed to satisfy the demands of today's crime situation. Manual methods neither give accurate, dependable, or complete data 24 hours a day nor do they help in trend forecasting and decision assistance. It also leads to poorer productivity and inefficient workforce use. The appropriate application of information technology is the solution to this ever-increasing challenge.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution à l’Analyse du Marché des Plantes Médicinales dans la Région de Lubumbashi, RD Congo : Acteurs et Enjeux Socio-Économiques","authors":"François Ntumba Ndaye, Salvius Bakari Amuri, Cedrick Mutombo Shakalenga, John Tshomba Kalumbu, A. N. Okwe, J. N. M. Fyama, P. Duez","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p180","url":null,"abstract":"Malgré le risque d’usage, la croissance du marché incontrôlé des plantes médicinales reste moins renseignée dans la région de Lubumbashi. Pour comprendre son fonctionnement, une enquête a été initiée auprès de 118 tradipraticiens et herboristes, choisis de manière raisonnée. Les données recueillies renseignent que 85 % des praticiens exerçaient ce commerce comme activité principale pour assurer leur survie, en facilitant les soins à la population. Près de 166 espèces de plantes, collectées à l'état sauvage, étaient vendues en circuit court sans autorisation de mise en marché. La majorité d'entre elles proviennent des zones rurales des provinces du Haut-Lomami et du Haut-Katanga (respectivement 46 % et 35 %). En moyenne, un commerçant vendait 52,4 ± 4,1 kg de produit brut et 32,5 ± 3,1 kg en poudre par trimestre. Les prix étaient fixés en fonction de l’apparence des clients et de la perception de la maladie. L’investissement de 6 dollars dans un kilogramme de produits à base des plantes médicinales rapportait un taux de marge d’environ 35 %, déterminé par les dépenses et les recettes (p : 0,000 < 0,05). Cependant, ce marché incontrôlé interpelle sur la qualification des tradipraticiens et la qualité de leurs services. Il nécessiterait de le réglementer pour un accès sécurisé aux plantes par les consommateurs. \u0000Although there is a risk associated with their use, the uncontrolled market for medicinal plants in the Lubumbashi region has not been well documented. To gain insight into this market, a survey was conducted with 118 traditional practitioners and herbalists, who were selected in a thoughtful manner. The collected data indicates that 85% of practitioners rely on this business as their primary source of income, as it facilitates healthcare for the population. A total of 166 plant species were sold in the short circuit without marketing authorization, most of which were collected from rural areas of the Haut-Lomami and Haut-Katanga provinces (46% and 35%, respectively). On average, each trader sold 52.4 ± 4.1 kg of raw product and 32.5 ± 3.1 kg of powder per quarter. Prices were determined based on the appearance of the customers and their perceived illnesses. Investing $6 in a kilogram of herbal products yielded a margin rate of approximately 35%, as determined by expenses and revenues (p: 0.000 < 0.05). However, the unregulated nature of this market raises concerns about the qualifications of traditional practitioners and the quality of their services. Regulation is necessary to ensure secure access to plants for consumers.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}