Folia Pharmacologica Japonica最新文献_第9页

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.25105

Yuji Kiuchi

引用次数: 0

[The physiological roles of primary ciliary resorption and its potential as therapeutic targets]. [初级纤毛吸收的生理作用及其作为治疗靶点的潜力]。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.26013

Masaki Saito, Gen-Ichi Atsumi

{"title":"[The physiological roles of primary ciliary resorption and its potential as therapeutic targets].","authors":"Masaki Saito, Gen-Ichi Atsumi","doi":"10.1254/fpj.26013","DOIUrl":"10.1254/fpj.26013","url":null,"abstract":"Primary cilia are cellular antennae protruding from the surface of nearly all cell types during the G0 phase. They control the organization and maturation of systemic tissues and organs by receiving selective signals. Ciliopathies are heritable disorders that cause dysplasia of various tissues and organs, as well as the progression of obesity. In contrast, recent studies using cultured cells have revealed that cilia were resorbed upon receiving selective proliferative stimuli, thereby reentering the cell cycle into the G1/S phase. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanisms of ciliary resorption were unclear, as no diseases caused by abnormal ciliary resorption had been identified in humans or experimental animals. To address this problem, we focused on the role of the cytoplasmic dynein light chain Tctex-1. We found that activating the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor at cilia results in the phosphorylation of threonine 94 in Tctex-1 and subsequent endocytosis of the ciliary pocket membrane surrounding the ciliary basal region. This mechanism is responsible for ciliary resorption and reentry into the G1/S phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, we found that phospho-(T94)Tctex-1 localizes to the ciliary transition zone of neural progenitor cells in the fetal cerebral cortex, where it regulates cell cycle reentry and neurogenesis. Recent reports indicate that mice with abnormal ciliary resorption develop microcephaly-like symptoms. Our study and these reports shed light on the physiological significance of ciliary resorption. Finally, this review discusses new directions in ciliary resorption research and its potential therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":12208,"journal":{"name":"Folia Pharmacologica Japonica","volume":"161 3","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Educational effects of pharmacology practice using laboratory animals: a text mining analysis of students' free-text responses]. [实验动物药理学实践的教育效果：对学生自由文本反应的文本挖掘分析]。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.25097

Youichirou Higashi, Takahiro Shimizu, Mio Togo, Motoaki Saito

{"title":"[Educational effects of pharmacology practice using laboratory animals: a text mining analysis of students' free-text responses].","authors":"Youichirou Higashi, Takahiro Shimizu, Mio Togo, Motoaki Saito","doi":"10.1254/fpj.25097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.25097","url":null,"abstract":"In pharmacology education, practical classes using animals or isolated tissues have long played an important role in helping students integrate and deepen the knowledge acquired in lectures. Recently, however, increasing emphasis on animal welfare and the 3Rs, along with personnel and financial constraints and the increasing adoption of simulator-based training, has reduced opportunities for animal-based practice. Because the specialized techniques required for such classes are difficult to rebuild once lost, re-evaluating their educational significance based on objective data is becoming increasingly important. At Kochi University, pharmacology practice involving guinea pigs, rats, and mice-focusing on intestinal motility, cardiovascular responses, and central nervous system function-has been conducted annually. This article analyzed free-text reflections voluntarily submitted by students in 2023 and 2024 using text-mining techniques to characterize learning outcomes and ethical awareness. Frequency analysis indicated that terms such as \"pharmacology,\" \"drug,\" and \"practical exercises\" frequently appeared in both years, suggesting that the practice supported students' understanding of lecture content. References to \"mouse\" were most common, reflecting the strong impression made by observing behavioral changes in mice. Rat practical exercise emphasized quantitative assessment of blood pressure, whereas guinea pig practical exercise highlighted organ-level responses. Co-occurrence network analysis further showed that students often linked observations of biological responses with concepts related to pharmacological understanding, medical safety, and bioethics. Overall, these findings indicate that animal-based pharmacology practice contributes not only to the deepening of scientific understanding but also to the development of ethical and clinical awareness, supporting their continued value in multifaceted pharmacology education.","PeriodicalId":12208,"journal":{"name":"Folia Pharmacologica Japonica","volume":"161 5","pages":"335-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Reconsidering the roles of practical training in medical education: from the perspective of practice-centered anatomy]. [重新思考实践训练在医学教育中的作用：以实践为中心的解剖学视角]。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.26052

Miki Nagase

{"title":"[Reconsidering the roles of practical training in medical education: from the perspective of practice-centered anatomy].","authors":"Miki Nagase","doi":"10.1254/fpj.26052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.26052","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomy is fundamental to medical education, providing the basis for understanding normal human structure and function and for learning clinical medicine. Cadaveric dissection plays a central role in anatomy education and remains the only opportunity for medical students to obtain information directly from the human body. During dissection practice, students face cadavers with sincerity and get information from the cadavers. The educational goal is not merely the memorization of anatomical knowledge, but the construction of a three-dimensional understanding of the human body and the development of scientific observational skills. Anatomy dissection practice is possible thanks to the noble spirit of Kentai donors, who donate their bodies to contribute to medical education. As such, dissection practice also provides an important opportunity for students to express respect and gratitude toward donors, to reflect on the dignity of life, and to cultivate medical ethics and professionalism. At our university, new dissection programs have been introduced in collaboration with clinical departments. These include the use of soft-embalmed cadavers for surgical training, enabling students to learn anatomy while experiencing basic clinical procedures such as tracheal intubation. Surgeons also provide special lectures with surgical videos, explaining how anatomical knowledge is useful in their fields. In addition, integrated education combining cadaveric dissection with medical image interpretation, including CT and MRI, has been implemented to enhance students' three-dimensional anatomical understanding from early medical education. Despite recent advances in virtual reality-based teaching tools, cadaveric dissection continues to be an essential cornerstone of anatomy curricula.","PeriodicalId":12208,"journal":{"name":"Folia Pharmacologica Japonica","volume":"161 5","pages":"340-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Metal homeostasis dysregulation and pharmacological modulation in Alzheimer's disease]. [阿尔茨海默病的金属稳态失调和药理调节]。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.26043

Kou Nishikubo, Rieko Muramatsu

引用次数: 0

[Identifying common neural circuit dysfunctions across psychiatric disorders through neurophysiological indices]. [通过神经生理指标识别精神疾病中常见的神经回路功能障碍]。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.25069

Hideki Miwa

{"title":"[Identifying common neural circuit dysfunctions across psychiatric disorders through neurophysiological indices].","authors":"Hideki Miwa","doi":"10.1254/fpj.25069","DOIUrl":"10.1254/fpj.25069","url":null,"abstract":"The etiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and depression remains largely unknown, and to date, no clear diagnostic criteria or curative pharmacological treatments have been established. One contributing factor is that patients with psychiatric disorders actually represent a heterogeneous population, yet are treated as a single group in clinical trials, which lowers the success rate of drug development. Against this background, there has been growing advocacy for stratification based on objective biomarkers, such as those proposed in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), rather than relying solely on syndrome-based classifications such as the DSM-5 or ICD-11 for diagnosis and therapeutic development. Furthermore, the elucidation of psychiatric pathophysiology and the development of effective pharmacological and therapeutic interventions require common objective indices that can bridge human and animal studies to enable translational research between preclinical and clinical domains. In patients with schizophrenia, sleep disturbances are consistently observed with high reproducibility, and abnormalities in sleep spindle generation during non-REM sleep have recently attracted attention as a novel biomarker. Moreover, spindle abnormalities have also been reported not only in schizophrenia but in subsets of patients with Alzheimer's disease, ASD, and Parkinson's disease, suggesting the possibility of shared pathophysiological mechanisms across distinct psychiatric and neurological disorders. In this article, I highlight electroencephalographic markers such as non-REM sleep spindles and gamma oscillations-objective neurophysiological indices measurable in both humans and experimental animals-that may deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and ultimately contribute to the development of novel therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":12208,"journal":{"name":"Folia Pharmacologica Japonica","volume":"161 2","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Gq-GPCR upregulation in reactive astrocytes: implication for neurological disorders]. [反应性星形胶质细胞Gq-GPCR上调：对神经系统疾病的影响]。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.26045

Eiji Shigetomi, Schuichi Koizumi

{"title":"[Gq-GPCR upregulation in reactive astrocytes: implication for neurological disorders].","authors":"Eiji Shigetomi, Schuichi Koizumi","doi":"10.1254/fpj.26045","DOIUrl":"10.1254/fpj.26045","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes are essential glial cells that maintain brain homeostasis. Upon brain injury, they become reactive astrocytes with altered morphology, gene expression, and function, including dysregulated Ca2+ signaling implicated in disease development and progression. P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R), one of Gq-GPCRs, is upregulated in reactive astrocytes across multiple brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and stroke; however, how this upregulation contributes to pathology has remained unclear. To address this question, we generated astrocyte-specific P2Y1R-overexpressing transgenic mice. P2Y1R overexpression in astrocytes induced neuronal hyperexcitability, as evidenced by increased hippocampal neuronal firing, abnormal EEG spikes, and heightened susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures. Dual-color Ca2+ imaging of neurons and astrocytes, electrophysiology, transcriptome analysis of astrocytes, immunohistochemistry, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated astrocyte-specific knockdown revealed that P2Y1R overexpression amplified both neuron-to-neuron and neuron-to-astrocyte signaling, with astrocytes becoming hypersensitive to neuronal activity-derived ATP. Astrocyte-specific transcriptomic analysis identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) as a key downstream effector. IGFBP2, a secreted protein selectively expressed in astrocytes, enhanced glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Furthermore, co-upregulation of P2Y1R and IGFBP2 was confirmed in reactive astrocytes in both kainate-induced epilepsy and middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke models. These findings identify the P2Y1R-IGFBP2 signaling axis as a common pathological feature of reactive astrocytes across brain diseases and establish IGFBP2 as a novel glial-derived factor that could promote neuronal hyperexcitability.","PeriodicalId":12208,"journal":{"name":"Folia Pharmacologica Japonica","volume":"161 5","pages":"313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Preface]. (前言)。

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.25080

Yasu-Taka Azuma, Hideaki Tagashira

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Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.26008

Takuji Machida

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Folia Pharmacologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.26029

Naoaki Saito

引用次数: 0