{"title":"Assessing platelet-derived extracellular vesicles for potential as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Xin Xin, Rory R Koenen","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2454617","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2454617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEV) have attracted extensive attention in cardiovascular disease research in recent years because their cargo is involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes, such as thrombosis, immune response, promotion or inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of angiogenesis as well as cell proliferation and migration.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the role of PEV in various cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure), with relation to its molecular cargo (nucleic acids, bioactive lipids, proteins) and aims to provide new insights in the pathophysiologic role of PEV, and methods for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases based on PEV.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Studies have shown that the cargo of PEV may be dysregulated during cardiovascular disease and delivery to tissues can result in detrimental pathophysiologic effects. Counteracting this process might have the potential to inhibit inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and inhibit cardiomyocyte death. In addition, PEV have potential as biocompatible and autologous drug carriers. Therefore, better research on the mechanisms how PEV act during cardiovascular disease and could be implemented as a therapeutic will provide new perspectives for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting glypican 3 by immunotoxins: the promise of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Elham Rismani, Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer, Moustapha Hassan, Elahe Shams, Mustapha Najimi, Massoud Vosough","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2471581","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2471581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tumor cell's resistance, high recurrence rate, and low overall survival rate have made hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a major health concern. The combination of advanced targeted therapies such as immunotherapy, with conventional treatments has gained traction for application on HCC. Immunotoxins (ITs) represent a category of biomolecules that combine the targeted affinity of antibodies with the cytotoxic properties of toxins.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This study highlights Glypican3 (GPC3) as a potential candidate for targeted therapeutic interventions using ITs. It presents a comprehensive overview of the advantages and challenges associated with these modalities, and their promising outcomes in HCC treatment. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Despite potential applicability, many concerns should be addressed before the employment of GPC3-based ITs. These include improving efficient penetration of ITs into the solid tumors, considering neutralizing antibodies against the drugs, and enhancing serum half-life of ITs. Furthermore, the ITs potential in eliminating cancer stem cells (CSCs) and residual tumor cells is discussed. The ability to target CSCs can significantly reduce the likelihood of recurrence and improve overall survival rate. This could make ITs a pivotal component in the future of HCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK): an emerging therapeutic target in human disease.","authors":"Cassandra S Poole, Irving Coy Allen","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2464175","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2464175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mast cell chymase-1 and tryptases: therapeutic targets for COPD?","authors":"Gang Liu, Angelica Tiotiu, Philip M Hansbro","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2464176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2464176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioannis Tomos, Paraskevi Kanellopoulou, Dimitris Nastos, Vassilis Aidinis
{"title":"Pharmacological targeting of ECM homeostasis, fibroblast activation and invasion for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Ioannis Tomos, Paraskevi Kanellopoulou, Dimitris Nastos, Vassilis Aidinis","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2471579","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2471579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with a dismal prognosis. While the standard-of-care (SOC) drugs approved for IPF represent a significant advancement in antifibrotic therapies, they primarily slow disease progression and have limited overall efficacy and many side effects. Consequently, IPF remains a condition with high unmet medical and pharmacological needs.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A wide variety of molecules and mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF, many of which have been targeted in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest therapeutic targets that affect extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and the activation of lung fibroblasts, with a specific focus on ECM invasion.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>A promising new approach involves targeting ECM invasion by fibroblasts, a process that parallels cancer cell behavior. Several cancer drugs are now being tested in IPF for their ability to inhibit ECM invasion, offering significant potential for future treatments. The delivery of these therapies by inhalation is a promising development, as it may enhance local effectiveness and minimize systemic side effects, thereby improving patient safety and treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nereida Abad-Yang, Federica Raguseo, Lorenzo Di Michele, Rickie Patani, Marco Di Antonio
{"title":"The potential of multimolecular G-quadruplex structures for targeted treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.","authors":"Nereida Abad-Yang, Federica Raguseo, Lorenzo Di Michele, Rickie Patani, Marco Di Antonio","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2463361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2463361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Druggable genes for therapeutic targeting in PTH signaling for osteoporosis.","authors":"Chisato Sampei, Tadayoshi Hayata","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Cav1.3 a feasible therapeutic target for a rare neurodevelopmental disorder?","authors":"Nadine J Ortner","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2442428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2442428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RSK1 and RSK2 as therapeutic targets: an up-to-date snapshot of emerging data.","authors":"Ashley N Spirrison, Deborah A Lannigan","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2433123","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2433123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The four members of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family are serine/threonine protein kinases, which are phosphorylated and activated by ERK1/2. RSK1/2/3 are further phosphorylated by PDK1. Receiving inputs from two major signaling pathways places RSK as a key signaling node in numerous pathologies. A plethora of RSK1/2 substrates have been identified, and in the majority of cases the causative roles these RSK substrates play in the pathology are unknown.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The majority of studies have focused on RSK1/2 and their functions in a diverse group of cancers. However, RSK1/2 are known to have important functions in cardiovascular disease and neurobiological disorders. Based on the literature, we identified substrates that are common in these pathologies with the goal of identifying fundamental physiological responses to RSK1/2.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The core group of targets in pathologies driven by RSK1/2 are associated with the immune response. However, there is a paucity of the literature addressing RSK function in inflammation, which is critical to know as the pan RSK inhibitor, PMD-026, is entering phase II clinical trials for metastatic breast cancer. A RSK inhibitor has the potential to be used in numerous diverse diseases and disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Yi Yan, Yuan Yuan Kang, Ze Yan Zhang, Ping Huang, Chang Yang, Hua Naranmandura
{"title":"Therapeutic approaches targeting oncogenic proteins in myeloid leukemia: challenges and perspectives.","authors":"Xing Yi Yan, Yuan Yuan Kang, Ze Yan Zhang, Ping Huang, Chang Yang, Hua Naranmandura","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443577","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leukemia is typically categorized into myeloid leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia based on the origins of leukemic cells. Myeloid leukemia is a group of clonal malignancies characterized by the presence of increased immature myeloid cells in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Of note, the aberrant expression of specific proteins or the generation of fusion proteins due to chromosomal abnormalities are well established drivers in various forms of myeloid leukemia. Therefore, these oncoproteins represent promising targets for drug development.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we comprehensively discussed the pathogenesis of typical leukemia oncoproteins and the current landscape of small molecule drugs targeting these oncogenic proteins. Additionally, we elucidated novel strategies, including proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), hyperthermia, and genomic editing, which specifically degrade oncogenic proteins in myeloid malignancies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Although small molecule drugs have significantly improved the prognosis of oncoprotein-driven myeloid leukemia patients, drug resistance due to the mutations in oncoproteins is still a great challenge in the clinic. New approaches such as PROTACs, hyperthermia, and genomic editing are considered promising approaches for the treatment of oncoprotein-driven leukemia, especially for drug-resistant mutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1131-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}