{"title":"Does Bitcoin Contribute to Portfolio Performance?","authors":"Byoung-Chun Lim, Sol Kim, Ingoo Han","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.12.51.6.665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.12.51.6.665","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the role of Bitcoin as an investment asset in a global multi-asset portfolio. For portfolio construction, we use a risk-based portfolio strategy that excludes estimates of future expected returns. We derive the optimal asset allocation ratio of Bitcoin included in the global multi-asset portfolio and compare the performance with the general portfolio. We find that the average investment weight of Bitcoin in the portfolio is 1.8%, and the portfolio containing Bitcoin shows superior investment performance compared to the portfolio without Bitcoin.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"2008 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130714918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cryptoasset Returns: Statistical Properties and Implications for Asset Allocations","authors":"Hyemin Kim, Noolee Kim","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.635","url":null,"abstract":"We examine Bitcoin returns’ statistical properties and check whether these properties are consistent with the well-known stylized facts of asset returns for the period from January 2019 to May 2022. We find that Bitcoin exhibits price behaviors that correspond well to all the stylized facts of asset returns examined in the analyses. We also examine the returns of Tesla stock, NASDAQ index, and S&P500 index for comparison and find that they generally conform to the stylized facts examined. However, Tesla stock does not exhibit an asymmetric volatility feature, and the two indices show significant autocorrelations in low order time lags, which are inconsistent with the well-known stylized facts of asset returns. Based on these findings, we discuss the possible implications of cryptoassets for asset allocation processes. Cryptoassets provide some potential utilities for asset allocations, but only with several simultaneous limitations.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127675593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Changes in the Soundness of Korean Stocks after Capital Market Opening: Focusing on Role and Identification of Long-term Equilibrium Variables","authors":"Yun-Yeong kim","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.523","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines and evaluates changes in the soundness of Korean stock prices by classifying the financial and global financial crises after the 1990s, when the capital market was first opened. The criteria for judging soundness include whether stock prices are determined by long-term equilibrium variables, whether there is a trend among non-long-term equilibrium variables, and whether long-term equilibrium variables of overseas stocks are identified during the Korean stock price determination process. Further, a co-integration test is performed using the VAR model which comprises the stock prices from Korea and the United States, and their long-term economic equilibrium variables. Furthermore, a transformation error correction model with a VAR type consisting of differences and cointegration errors in Korean stock prices is derived. Accordingly, the trend of long-term equilibrium variables is estimated using the Beveridge-Nelson decomposition of Korean stock prices. Furthermore, a test for its presence is performed. According to the empirical analysis conducted using monthly Korean data; the influence of the long-term equilibrium variable trend in the Korean economy tends to increase the stock prices following a financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"11 17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134245256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market Reaction to the Introduction of K-IFRS 1116","authors":"Jong-seo Choi, Jeong-Mo Kim","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.571","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the Korean stock market reaction to the introduction of K-IFRS 1116 (IFRS 16 equivalent) which effectively eliminates the operating lease and requires all lease contracts to be considered as finance leases. An event study is conducted whereby abnormal returns around the standard announcement are examined in conjunction with selected firm characteristics. We find that the level of operating lease usage and extent of financial constraint are negatively associated with the market reaction following the announcement of the K-IFRS 1116. However, an interaction effect between the two variables is found to be absent. Additionally, we find that this negative market reaction to financial constraint is mostly led by severely financially unhealthy firms that disregard operating lease usage. We interpret the results of operating lease usage and financial constraint to demonstrate the effects of the deprival of off-balance-sheet benefits and an expectation adjustment in investors' perceived future cash flow prospects, respectively. These findings are consistent with the impact of capitalizing leases on financial ratios and risk assessment of affected companies. We contribute to the literature and practice by providing evidence on the market participants' perception of the implementation of revised lease accounting standards.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125025888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Promote ESG in Private Equity","authors":"Jungsik Noh","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.543","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines ESG in private equity and discusses the methods to promote ESG in private equity investment. Given that private equity investment has a relatively long investment period and is actively engaged in the management of the portfolio company, it can play an important role in the development of ESG. ESG in private equity can be applied across all investment stages such as deal sourcing, investment decision, ownership, and exit. The empirical analysis based on global PEF data found that ESG in private equity shows risk management effects. To promote ESG in private equity, I propose a clear definition of ESG goals for LPs, consideration of ESG factors when selecting GPs, creating value through ESG due diligence, ESG-based active engagement, and collaboration in ESG investing. I hope that this study will help market participants understand ESG in private equity investment and provide useful information on the development of ESG in the Korean private equity investment industry.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"1221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121817247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Korean Pension Guidelines Improve Firms’ Management Efficiency?","authors":"Ha Eun Ahn, J. Hong","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.611","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether Korean pension guidelines that limit the payment of director show practical policy effectiveness by improving corporate management efficiency. Specifically, this study examines stickiness of pay to determine whether opportunistic executive payment existed in firms where executive pay was above 50% of articles of incorporation, before the announcement of the Korean pension guidelines. Further, we examine how executive pay stickiness has changed after the implementation of Korean pension guidelines to check whether they have been effective in improving corporate management efficiency. We use data from 2011 to 2019 and determine that, prior to the announcement of Korean pension guidelines, firms who paid above 50% of articles of incorporation showed higher executive payment stickiness. This suggests that these firms had a more opportunistic payment structure. However, this stickiness disappears after the announcement of Korean pension guidelines in 2020, suggesting that the Korean pension guidelines for executive pay show policy effectiveness. However, in 2020, the majority of decision-making within firms was affected by the global pandemic; therefore, there exists a need for additional research using a sample unaffected by the impact of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130776200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Best Option Pricing Model for KOSPI 200 Weekly Options","authors":"Sol Kim","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.10.51.5.499","url":null,"abstract":"This study finds the best option pricing model for KOSPI 200 weekly options. It examines the in-sample pricing, out-of-sample pricing and hedging performances of the short-term options with a maximum maturity of seven days or less, which have not been analyzed in previous studies. The Black and Scholes (1973) model, Ad Hoc Black-Scholes model, and stochastic volatility and jumps models are compared. As a result, one of the Ad Hoc BlackScholes models, the absolute smile model using the strike price as an independent variable shows the best performance. However, its performance is not significantly different from that of the Black and Scholes (1973) model. In the early days of the KOSPI 200 weekly options market, it is confirmed that the Black and Scholes (1973) model continues to show the excellent performance in pricing and hedging options.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126768238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESG Fund Labels Matter: Portfolio Holdings, Flows, and Performance.","authors":"Myounghwa Sim, Hee-Eun Kim","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.447","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) funds have distinct features from conventional funds based on holdings-based ESG scores, flows, and performance. We find that ESG funds have significantly higher ESG scores than conventional funds; ESG funds with higher scores significantly weaken flow-performance sensitivity; and their scores are negatively associated with risk-adjusted future performance. However, there is no evidence to support better selection skills among ESG fund investors than among non-ESG fund investors. By conducting a comprehensive analysis, this study suggests that ESG funds have distinct fund attributes, and thus, “ESG” is not a mere marketing rhetoric in the Korean fund market.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121975100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is There a Greenium in Korean Bond Markets?: An Empirical Analysis of Bond Secondary-Market Trading Data*","authors":"Haksoon Kim, Hee-Joon Ahn","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.383","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the secondary-market bond trading data from May 2018 to December 2021 to see if there exists a green premium or ‘greenium’ in Korean bond markets. We employ two empirical approaches — a matched sample analysis that compares green bonds with matched conventional bonds of similar characteristics, and a regression model that controls for the fixed effects related to issuer, maturity, credit rating, and trading year and month. We find the existence of a greenium in Korean debt markets with strong chronological trends. The greenium is observed prior to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic but disappears during the outbreak period. The greenium then reappears distinctly after the government’s declaration of carbon neutrality near the end of Year 2020. Our study is the first that empirically examines the existence of green premium in the Korean bond markets based on a reasonably large sample size. The strong greenium reported in our study justifies the existence and expansion of green bond markets in Korea. It also offers valuable additional evidence to the academic discourse on green premium in global debt markets.","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132399513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESG and Managerial Agency Problems*","authors":"Seong-Jun Jeong, Dong Beom Choi","doi":"10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.417","url":null,"abstract":"Criticism of conventional shareholder supremacy triggered urges for incorporating the stakeholder perspective and the Environmental(E), Social(S) and Governance(G) issues in managerial decisions. However, the corporations in Korea still lack proper corporate governance to protect shareholder benefits from managerial agency problems. In that case, adopting vague, not readily assessable objectives may lead to a lack of managerial accountability and exacerbate the agency problem. We find that Tobin’s Q of firms without good governance declined when their environmental and social ratings improved, suggesting “E,” “S,” and “G” are not independent. Corporations should prioritize establishing","PeriodicalId":121772,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Financial Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128982690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}