Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobials for non-typhoidal Salmonella infection—does it work?","authors":"Joan Robinson","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eco-paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for preventing or reducing respiratory tract symptoms, infections and asthma (Review)","authors":"Riitta Sauni,&nbsp;Jukka Uitti,&nbsp;Merja Jauhiainen,&nbsp;Kathleen Kreiss,&nbsp;Torben Sigsgaard,&nbsp;Jos H Verbeek","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dampness and mould in buildings have been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms, asthma and respiratory infections of inhabitants. Moisture damage is a very common problem in private houses, workplaces and public buildings such as schools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the effectiveness of remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould in order to reduce or prevent respiratory tract symptoms, infections and symptoms of asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (<i>The Cochrane Library</i> 2011, Issue 2), which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1951 to June week 1, 2011), EMBASE (1974 to June 2011), CINAHL (1982 to June 2011), Science Citation Index (1973 to June 2011), Biosis Previews (1989 to June 2011), NIOSHTIC (1930 to November 2010) and CISDOC (1974 to November 2010).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs (cRCTs), interrupted time series studies and controlled before-after (CBA) studies of the effects of remediating dampness and mould in a building on respiratory symptoms, infections and asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included eight studies (6538 participants); two RCTs (294 participants), one cRCT (4407 participants) and five CBA studies (1837 participants). The interventions varied from thorough renovation to cleaning only. We found moderate-quality evidence in adults that repairing houses decreased asthma-related symptoms (among others, wheezing (odds ratio (OR) 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 0.75) and respiratory infections (among others, rhinitis (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.66)). For children, we found moderate-quality evidence that the number of acute care visits (among others mean difference (MD) -0.45; 95% CI -0.76 to -0.14)) decreased in the group receiving thorough remediation.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One CBA study showed very low-quality evidence that after repairing a mould-damaged office building, asthma-related and other respiratory symptoms decreased. For children and staff in schools, there was very low-quality evidence that asthma-related and oth","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ounce of prevention…","authors":"Michael B. H. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1919","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31599901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (Review)","authors":"Donna Gillies,&nbsp;Fiona Taylor,&nbsp;Carl Gray,&nbsp;Louise O'Brien,&nbsp;Natalie D'Abrew","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1916","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents who have experienced trauma and has high personal and health costs. Although a wide range of psychological therapies have been used in the treatment of PTSD there are no systematic reviews of these therapies in children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the effectiveness of psychological therapies in treating children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with PTSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group's Specialised Register (CCDANCTR) to December 2011. The CCDANCTR includes relevant randomised controlled trials from the following bibliographic databases: CENTRAL (the <i>Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials</i>) (all years), EMBASE (1974 -), MEDLINE (1950 -) and PsycINFO (1967 -). We also checked reference lists of relevant studies and reviews. We applied no date or language restrictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All randomised controlled trials of psychological therapies compared to a control, pharmacological therapy or other treatments in children or adolescents exposed to a traumatic event or diagnosed with PTSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two members of the review group independently extracted data. If differences were identified, they were resolved by consensus, or referral to the review team.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for binary outcomes, the standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for both, using a fixed-effect model. If heterogeneity was found we used a random-effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen studies including 758 participants were included in this review. The types of trauma participants had been exposed to included sexual abuse, civil violence, natural disaster, domestic violence and motor vehicle accidents. Most participants were clients of a trauma-related support service.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The psychological therapies used in these studies were cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure-based, psychodynamic, narrative, supportive counselling, and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Most compared a psychological therapy to a control group. No study compared ps","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on ‘Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents’","authors":"Daniel David,&nbsp;Anca Dobrean","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1917","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1917","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is commentary on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Gillie D, Taylor F, Gray C, O'Brien L, D'Abrew N. Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> 2012, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006726. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006726.pub2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Answers: Are nonpharmacological interventions for migraine effective in children and adolescents?","authors":"Evidence-Based Child Health, Editorial Office","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1918","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31599902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentaries on ‘Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for preventing or reducing respiratory tract symptoms, infections and asthma’","authors":"Helena Liira,&nbsp;Thomas Kovesi","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1915","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1915","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Sauni R, Uitti J, Jauhiainen M, Kreiss K, Sigsgaard T, Verbeek JH. Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for preventing or reducing respiratory tract symptoms, infections and asthma. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> 2011, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007897. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007897.pub2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochrane Review: Social skills groups for people aged 6 to 21 with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","authors":"Brian Reichow,&nbsp;Amanda M Steiner,&nbsp;Fred Volkmar","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1903","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1903","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since autism was first described, major difficulties in social interaction have been a defining feature of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Social skills groups are a common intervention for individuals with ASD. Although a frequently recommended practice, the few studies that have addressed the efficacy of social skills groups have shown mixed results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the effectiveness of social skills groups for improving social competence, social communication, and quality of life for people with ASD who are six to 21 years of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the following databases in December 2011: CENTRAL (2011 Issue 4), MEDLINE (1948 to November Week 3, 2011), EMBASE (1980 to Week 50, 2011), PsycINFO (1887 to December Week 2, 2011), CINAHL (1937 to current), ERIC (1966 to current), Sociological Abstracts (1952 to current), OCLC WorldCat (12 December 2011), Social Science Citation Index (1970 to 16 December 2011), and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (20 December 2011). We also searched the reference lists of published papers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing treatment (social skills groups) with a control group who were not receiving the treatment for participants aged six to 21 years with ASD. The control group could be no intervention, wait list, or treatment as usual. Outcomes sought were standardized measures of social competence, social communication, quality of life, emotion recognition, and any other specific behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two review authors independently selected and appraised studies for inclusion and assessed the risk of bias in each included study. All outcome data were continuous and standardized mean difference effect sizes (ES) with small sample correction were calculated. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis where possible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included five RCTs evaluating the effects of social skills groups in 196 participants with ASD aged 6 to 21 years old. The results show there is some evidence that social skills groups improve overall social competence (ES = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.78, P = 0.003) and friendship quality (ES = 0.41, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.81, P = 0.04) for this population. No differences were found between","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Our new venture into Eco-Paediatrics","authors":"Joan L. Robinson","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1908","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1908","url":null,"abstract":"It is early January in Edmonton, the time of year when ‘a nice day’ means it is brilliantly sunny and cold rather than cloudy and cold. One bonus is that we no longer have to even consider arthropod-borne disease in the differential diagnosis for non-travellers! I would wager that the only Latin phrase that almost all English-speaking physicians would be able to accurately translate would be ‘Primum Non Nocere’ (First, do no harm). Harm in paediatrics consists of not only suggesting remedies that result in adverse events but also advising parents or the health-care system to spend their limited, hard-earned cash on remedies that have no efficacy. It is vital to educate healthcare workers about therapies that have been proven to not be worthwhile. Thus, we are introducing a new column in this issue entitled ‘Eco-Paediatrics . . . . Reducing waste in child health one intervention at a time’. The premiere column outlines therapies that are of no value for otitis media with effusion (1). A common concern amongst clinicians is that parents will seek help elsewhere if they are sent home with reassurance rather than a prescription. However, two studies have shown that when properly informed, parents are satisfied with delayed or no antibiotic prescriptions for acute otitis media (2). A study from the US published a decade ago showed that even if provided with an ‘emergency prescription’, most parents managed their child with acute otitis media without filling the prescription (3). We need to recognize that the relationship between going home with a bottle of medicine and parental satisfaction may be markedly over-estimated by clinicians. Moving from the level of the patient to the level of the public payer, there is increasing interest in the notion that the correlation between cost and improvement in quality of health deserves to be a key factor in deciding which interventions should be promoted (4). Cardiff Child Protection Systematic Reviews (CORE INFO) is a product of collaboration between the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the Early Years research section of the Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Department of Child Health, School","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihistamines or decongestants for otitis media with effusion—do they work?","authors":"Eyal Cohen","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Eco-paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}