Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Maternal mental health and economic autonomy in lowland rural Nepal: Do parents-in-law provide constraint or support?","authors":"Akanksha A Marphatia,&nbsp;Laura K Busert-Sebela,&nbsp;Lu Gram,&nbsp;Mario Cortina-Borja,&nbsp;Alice M Reid,&nbsp;Dharma S Manandhar,&nbsp;Jonathan C K Wells,&nbsp;Naomi M Saville","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>In patrilocal societies, married women typically co-reside with their parents-in-law, who may act in their son's reproductive interests. These relationships may shape maternal mental health and autonomy. Few studies have examined these dynamics from an evolutionary perspective. Theoretically, marital kin may increase their fitness by increasing maternal investment or by reducing paternity uncertainty. We explored how co-residence with parents-in-law and husband is associated with maternal outcomes to evaluate whether marital kin provide support or constraint.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We analysed data from 444 households in rural lowland Nepal. Maternal mental health was assessed by General Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression models investigated whether, relative to mothers living with both husband and parents-in-law, those co-resident with other combinations of relatives had poorer mental health and lower household economic autonomy (decision-making, bargaining power), adjusting for socio-economic confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-residence with husband only, or neither husband nor parents-in-law, was associated with higher odds of mothers reporting feeling worthless and losing sleep but also earning income and making household expenditure decisions. Husband co-residence was associated with overall maternal distress but also with less unpaid care work and greater decision-making responsibility. There were no differences in maternal outcomes for mothers living with parents-in-law only, relative to those living with both husbands and parents-in-law.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Co-residence of parents-in-law and husbands was associated with contrasting patterns of maternal mental health and economic autonomy. We suggest that different marital kin place different economic demands on mothers, while restricting their autonomy in different ways as forms of 'mate-guarding'.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"229-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9853104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution-informed therapy for kidney disease.","authors":"Robert L Chevalier","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad027","url":null,"abstract":"A recent editorial highlighted the challenges of bridging the great divides between evolutionists and clinicians [1]. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease is rapidly increasing and affects African Americans at 4-fold the rate for European Americans [2,3]. Social inequalities contribute to many health disparities affecting African Americans, and the discovery of G1 and G2 APOL1 gene variants prevalent in 13% of this population contributes to the genetic component of the excess risk for nondiabetic kidney failure [4]. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the most common primary glomerular disorder causing kidney failure in the USA, is also more common in persons of African than European origin [5]. Importantly, FSGS is associated with the APOL1 gene variants common in African chromosomes but absent in European chromosomes [6]. With the exception of SGLT2 inhibitors [7], effective therapies to slow or prevent progression of FSGS are not currently available. EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"316-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10499305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10634157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity, diet and mental distress among resource insecure students during COVID-19.","authors":"Miriam C Kopels,&nbsp;Casey J Roulette","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>It is well documented that college student populations are vulnerable to food insecurity and other adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, exposure to environmental adversity can have deleterious, long-term effects on physical and mental health. This study applies evolutionary life history theory to examine the relationship between environmental adversity, mental distress and diet among resource insecure university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Structured and semi-structured surveys were used to assess perceptions of environmental adversity (including mortality risk, food insecurity and resource availability; and changes in these factors over the course of COVID-19), mental distress, diet and use of campus support services. Participants included 51 college students recruited through an economic crisis center located at a large public university in southern California.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most students were experiencing mental distress and food insecurity, and food insecurity and other components of adversity increased during COVID-19. Food insecurity was significantly associated with both perceived extrinsic mortality risk and mental distress, whereas mental distress was significantly associated with reduced dietary quality and caloric intake. Use of two or more campus support resources and/or living with family or rent free disrupted the associations of food insecurity with extrinsic mortality risk and mental distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and implication: </strong>This study contributes to a growing body of applied evolutionary frameworks concerned with the health and wellbeing of economically vulnerable populations. It also provides novel insights informed by life history theory into interventions and recommendations for improving support services for financially insecure college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10774210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination antimicrobial therapy to manage resistance.","authors":"Robert J Woods,&nbsp;Andrew F Read","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad005","url":null,"abstract":"© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Combination antimicrobial therapy to manage resistance","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"185-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10287501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10073749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers or biotargets? Using competition to lure cancer cells into evolutionary traps.","authors":"Anuraag Bukkuri,&nbsp;Frederick R Adler","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cancer biomarkers provide information on the characteristics and extent of cancer progression and help inform clinical decision-making. However, they can also play functional roles in oncogenesis, from enabling metastases and inducing angiogenesis to promoting resistance to chemotherapy. The resulting evolution could bias estimates of cancer progression and lead to suboptimal treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We create an evolutionary game theoretic model of cell-cell competition among cancer cells with different levels of biomarker production. We design and simulate therapies on top of this pre-existing game and examine population and biomarker dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using total biomarker as a proxy for population size generally underestimates chemotherapy efficacy and overestimates targeted therapy efficacy. If biomarker production promotes resistance and a targeted therapy against the biomarker exists, this dynamic can be used to set an evolutionary trap. After chemotherapy selects for a high biomarker-producing cancer cell population, targeted therapy could be highly effective for cancer extinction. Rather than using the most effective therapy given the cancer's current biomarker level and population size, it is more effective to 'overshoot' and utilize an evolutionary trap when the aim is extinction. Increasing cell-cell competition, as influenced by biomarker levels, can help prime and set these traps.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and implications: </strong>Evolution of functional biomarkers amplify the limitations of using total biomarker levels as a measure of tumor size when designing therapeutic protocols. Evolutionarily enlightened therapeutic strategies may be highly effective, assuming a targeted therapy against the biomarker is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10404618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Father absence and pubertal timing in Korean boys and girls.","authors":"D Susie Lee,&nbsp;Hanna Semenchenko","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Pubertal timing is a key life history trait with long-term health consequences in both sexes. Evolutionary theory has guided extensive research on developmental influences, in particular growing up without a father, on earlier menarche. Far less is known whether a similar relationship exists for boys, especially beyond western contexts. We used longitudinal data from the nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents, which provided us with a unique opportunity for studying male puberty using a hitherto underutilized biomarker: age at first nocturnal ejaculation.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We pre-registered and tested a prediction that growing up in father-absent households is associated with earlier puberty in both sexes. Large sample size (>6000) allowed testing the effect of father absence, which remains relatively uncommon in Korea, while adjusting for potential confounders using Cox proportional-hazard models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reported age at first nocturnal ejaculation was on average 13.8 years, falling within the range known from other societies. Unlike previous findings mostly for white girls, we did not find evidence that Korean girls in father-absent households had a younger age at menarche. Boys in father-absent households reported having their first nocturnal ejaculation 3 months earlier on average, and the difference was evident before age 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and implications: </strong>The association between father absence and pubertal timing appears sex- and age-dependent, and these differences may further interact with cultural norms regarding gender roles. Our study also highlights the utility of the recalled age of first ejaculation for male puberty research, which has lagged in both evolutionary biology and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9654992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence that spice consumption is a cancer prevention mechanism in human populations.","authors":"Antoine M Dujon,&nbsp;Aurélie Tasiemski,&nbsp;Pascal Pujol,&nbsp;Anthony Turpin,&nbsp;Beata Ujvari,&nbsp;Frédéric Thomas","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoac040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoac040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Why humans historically began to incorporate spices into their diets is still a matter of unresolved debate. For example, a recent study (Bromham et al. There is little evidence that spicy food in hot countries is an adaptation to reducing infection risk. <i>Nat Hum Behav</i> 2021;5:878-91.) did not support the most popular hypothesis that spice consumption was a practice favoured by selection in certain environments to reduce food poisoning, parasitic infections, and foodborne diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Because several spices are known to have anticancer effects, we explored the hypothesis that natural selection and/or cultural evolution may have favoured spice consumption as an adaptive prophylactic response to reduce the burden of cancer pathology. We used linear models to investigate the potential relationship between age-standardized gastrointestinal cancer rates and spice consumption in 36 countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patterns of spice are not consistent with a cancer mitigation mechanism: the age-standardized rate of almost all gastrointestinal cancers was not related to spice consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Direction other than foodborne pathogens and cancers should be explored to understand the health reasons, if any, why our ancestors developed a taste for spices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9215096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of antibiotic resistance in an incurable and ultimately fatal infection: A retrospective case study.","authors":"Robert J Woods,&nbsp;Camilo Barbosa,&nbsp;Laura Koepping,&nbsp;Juan A Raygoza,&nbsp;Michael Mwangi,&nbsp;Andrew F Read","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The processes by which pathogens evolve within a host dictate the efficacy of treatment strategies designed to slow antibiotic resistance evolution and influence population-wide resistance levels. The aim of this study is to describe the underlying genetic and phenotypic changes leading to antibiotic resistance within a patient who died as resistance evolved to available antibiotics. We assess whether robust patterns of collateral sensitivity and response to combinations existed that might have been leveraged to improve therapy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We used whole-genome sequencing of nine isolates taken from this patient over 279 days of a chronic infection with <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, and systematically measured changes in resistance against five of the most relevant drugs considered for treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The entirety of the genetic change is consistent with <i>de novo</i> mutations and plasmid loss events, without acquisition of foreign genetic material via horizontal gene transfer. The nine isolates fall into three genetically distinct lineages, with early evolutionary trajectories being supplanted by previously unobserved multi-step evolutionary trajectories. Importantly, although the population evolved resistance to all the antibiotics used to treat the infection, no single isolate was resistant to all antibiotics. Evidence of collateral sensitivity and response to combinations therapy revealed inconsistent patterns across this diversifying population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Translating antibiotic resistance management strategies from theoretical and laboratory data to clinical situations, such as this, will require managing diverse population with unpredictable resistance trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9654994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower testosterone levels are associated with higher risk of death in men.","authors":"Michael P Muehlenbein,&nbsp;Jeffrey Gassen,&nbsp;Eric C Shattuck,&nbsp;Corey S Sparks","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoac044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Testosterone plays an important role in regulating male development, reproduction and health. Declining levels across the lifespan may reflect, or even contribute to, chronic disease and mortality in men.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Relationships between testosterone levels and male mortality were analyzed using data from multiple samples of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (<i>n</i> = 10 225). Target outcomes included known deaths from heart disease, malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia, kidney diseases, and accidents or unintentional injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of discrete-time hazard models revealed that lower levels of testosterone were related to higher mortality for the majority of disease categories in either an age-dependent or age-independent fashion. Analysis of all-cause mortality-which included deaths from any known disease-also revealed greater general risk for those with lower testosterone levels. For most disease categories, the hazard associated with low testosterone was especially evident at older ages when mortality from that particular ailment was already elevated. Notably, testosterone levels were not related to mortality risk for deaths unrelated to chronic disease (i.e. accidents and injuries).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>While the causal direction of relationships between testosterone and mortality risk remains unclear, these results may reflect the decline in testosterone that accompanies many disease states. Accordingly, the relationship between testosterone and male mortality may be indirect; ill individuals are expected to have both lower testosterone and higher mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9192307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disgusting odors trigger the oral immune system.","authors":"Stephanie Anja Juran,&nbsp;Arnaud Tognetti,&nbsp;Johan N Lundström,&nbsp;Lalit Kumar,&nbsp;Richard J Stevenson,&nbsp;Mats Lekander,&nbsp;Mats J Olsson","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoac042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research has characterized the behavioral defense against disease. In particular the detection of sickness cues, the adaptive reactions (e.g. avoidance) to these cues and the mediating role of disgust have been the focus. A presumably important but less investigated part of a behavioral defense is the immune system response of the observer of sickness cues. Odors are intimately connected to disease and disgust, and research has shown how olfaction conveys sickness cues in both animals and humans. This study aims to test whether odorous sickness cues (i.e. disgusting odors) can trigger a preparatory immune response in humans. We show that subjective and objective disgust measures, as well as TNFα levels in saliva increased immediately after exposure to disgusting odors in a sample of 36 individuals. Altogether, these results suggest a collaboration between behavioral mechanisms of pathogen avoidance in olfaction, mediated by the emotion of disgust, and mechanisms of pathogen elimination facilitated by inflammatory mediators. Disgusting stimuli are associated with an increased risk of infection. We here test whether disgusting odors, can trigger an immune response in the oral cavity. The results indicate an increase level of TNFα in the saliva. This supports that disease cues can trigger a preparatory response in the oral cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9912705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}