Progress in Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Significance of serum uric acid level in prediabetic and diabetic patients","authors":"S. Khan, S. Mandal","doi":"10.5455/PMS.20180709102533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/PMS.20180709102533","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Research has shown strong links between uric acid (UA) levels and medical conditions that are related to insulin resistance, which increases the chance of acquiring diabetes, though discrepancies in result have also been reported. Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of UA in diabetic and prediabetic subjects and compare them with euglycemic control. Methods: In this hospital-based comparative cross-section study, 220 subjects were enrolled, out of which 76 were diabetic, 74 prediabetic, and 70 euglycemic control. The male and female ratio was almost the same in the three groups. Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting glucose ≥126mg/dl, non-fasting glucose ≥200mg/dl, or use of oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin. Around 3 ml of fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), and UA. Two-hour post-meal blood was collected for postprandial glucose (PPG) estimation. For comparison of variables among the group’s chi-square for categorical and student’s t-test, Mann Whitney U and analysis of variance for continuous data were applied. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between variables. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of the diabetic, prediabetic, and euglycemic control was 56.16 ± 12.58 years, 53.69 ± 14.92 years, and 48.97 ± 14.74 years, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.009). The mean UA level was also statistically different in the three groups (p = 0.010), the highest level (7.50 ± 2.24 mg/dl) in diabetic patients and lowest level (6.44 ± 2.06 mg/dl) in euglycemic control. There was a positive and significant correlation between UA and FBG, PPG (r = 0.253, p =0.002; r = 0.134, p = 0.048) in the participants. Conclusion: We observed a significant association of UA in diabetic, prediabetic, and euglycemic control; however, it is not associated with the outcome of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133380375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and health beliefs of elderly women toward osteoporosis in Mansoura, Egypt","authors":"A. El-Gilany","doi":"10.47363/pms/2018(2)112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/pms/2018(2)112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability for elder, particularly in women. Unfortunately, Egyptian women were reported to have a lower bone mineral density compared to their Western counterparts. So, this study was conducted to assessed knowledge and beliefs of menopausal women about osteoporosis and their possible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 menopausal women recruited from both rural and urban settings, Mansoura, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and health beliefs of participants about osteoporosis. Results: The overall osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and osteoporosis health beliefs scale mean scores were 10.8 ± 3.52 and 140.9 ± 18.1, respectively. High education was the only significant predictor to OKAT mean score (p = 0.011). Linear regression revealed that understanding the symptom and knowledge of preventive factors is strongly significant (p ≤ 0.001) independent predictors for women perceptions to the benefit of exercises and susceptibility to osteoporosis (R2 = 0.205 and 0.167; respectively). Conclusions: This study reflects the limited knowledge and modest perceptions toward osteoporosis among menopausal women. Knowledge was a significant predictor of women health beliefs towards osteoporosis. Gender-based preventive programs may help to reduce the burden of osteoporosis in the Egyptian community","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126888194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and its role in endodontic treatment failure","authors":"A. Colaco","doi":"10.5455/PMS.20180116070109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/PMS.20180116070109","url":null,"abstract":"A successful root canal treatment aims at complete elimination of microorganisms from the root canal space, thus preventing chances of reinfection. In spite of the relatively high success rate of endodontic procedures, failures occur. The high incidence of failure is attributed to microbial reinfection by facultative anaerobic microorganisms. The predominant microorganisms considered in secondary infections are Enterococcus faecalis. The objective of this review article is to provide a sound understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of the fundamental microbial pathogen. This article also provides an update on the virulence factors of E. faecalis, clinical significance, and treatment modalities to combat persistent endodontic infections. In the changing face of community oral care, continued research on E. faecalis and its elimination is of crucial importance. It is also likely that health-care professionals will benefit from this review and attain a deeper insight to deal with the highly complex nature of this organism.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130842870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported health profile of adolescents’ school students in an Egyptian village","authors":"Hend MagdyGomaa, R.S. Elmasry, Farida Abdelwahab, Mohamed EissaAli","doi":"10.5455/PMS.20180825014739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/PMS.20180825014739","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although adolescents comprise a considerable portion of Egypt’s population, they have received insufficient indicators of their health status, especially in rural areas. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the health profile of adolescent school students and its associated socio-demographic factors in an Egyptian village. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the scholastic year 2016–2017 on 378 adolescent students recruited from preparatory and secondary schools in Tonnamel village, Egypt. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and included the modified Child health and illness profile-Adolescent edition questionnaire. Results: Health profile taxonomy and ranking revealed the worst health status as the most frequent one among students (69.6%). Age, gender, and mother education were significant predictors of health status whereas having illiterate mothers [p = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) = 4.3, and confidence interval (CI) = 1.62–11.9], being females (p = 0.003, OR = 2.54, and CI = 1.38–4.66) and older age group of 15–18 years (p = 0.02, OR = 2.23, and CI = 1.13–4.38) were significant risk factors for the poor to worst health among adolescents. Conclusions: This study reflected the worst health status as the most frequent and highly prevalent health profile among the studied adolescent students. This is mostly related to age and sex of students and to the education of their mothers whereas being female, owning older age and illiterate mother were risk factors for worst health status of adolescents. Addressing the health characteristics of adolescents is valuable to tailor suitable and specific health improvement interventions.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127639153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative anti-hyperglycemic effects of the aqueous extracts of Combretum molle twigs in rats","authors":"D. Miaffo, A. Dawé, S. L. Wansi, Sylviane Laure Kamani Poualeu, G. Todou, A. Kamanyi","doi":"10.5455/PMS.286448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/PMS.286448","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic properties of the aqueous extracts of Combretum molle twigs in rats. Methods: For the anti-hyperglycemic tests, the extracts at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg were administered orally to the normal rats and their glycemia was evaluated every 30 minutes during 4 hours. Type 1 diabetes was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of alloxane (150 mg/kg) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by the sub-cutaneous injection of the dexamethasone (1 mg/kg). Afterwards, animals were treated at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg of the decoction for 14 days (type 1 diabetes) and 8 days (type 2 diabetes). Body weight, glycemia, lipid parameters, and atherogenic index were evaluated. Results: The decoction (250 mg/kg) produced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the postprandial glycemia at 90 minutes. However, at 120 minutes, a significant regulation of the blood glucose was observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg of the decoction (p < 0.01), maceration (p < 0.05), and infusion (p < 0.05). In addition, the doses 250 and 500 mg/kg of the decoction of C. molle prevented a significant reduction in body weight, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, and a significant increase in atherogenic index, which were observed in the type 1 and 2 diabetic subjects. Conclusion: The decoction was showed the greatest hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activities, thereby confirming his ethnopharmacological use of this extract in the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127751394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curriculum design principles for developing a module in medical education","authors":"Ambili Remesh","doi":"10.5455/pms.20171223064024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pms.20171223064024","url":null,"abstract":"Curriculum, the crux of the whole educational process has its impact on health professional programs as well as healthcare need of the society. It is intended to bring about changes in learners in four domains. Curriculum design is a complex process which needs meticulous planning and extensive conceptual frameworks. Several categories of adult learning theories link intricately with curriculum development. There is increasing relevance and accountability to curricular development for the medical educators. Module, a subunit of curriculum, is deliberated according to the curricular frame work selected. The steps in curriculum development can be applied to develop a module. Module can provide quality learning experience for facilitator and student alike. The various models of Curriculum evaluation are used in modules also. All medical educators need to undergo a systematic and skilled training in curriculum design and module development to fulfil their responsibility of imparting quality education.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122575983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low level laser therapy: An effective tool to enhance quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors","authors":"A. Colaco","doi":"10.5455/PMS.20171223053338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/PMS.20171223053338","url":null,"abstract":"Patients treated for head and neck cancer commonly suffer from oral mucositis, ulceration, bacterial infection causing pain, discomfort, impairment of speech and deglutition, leading to dehydration, poor nutrition, and mortality. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a promising state-of-the-art method which can be used effectively to reduce these side effects. It works on the principle of photo-bio stimulation. LLLT induces a biological response through energy transfer within the cells. It has anti-inflammatory effects, stimulates the immune system, increases of blood flow, upsurges cellular metabolism, and boosts rapid wound healing.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132164884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition and psychosocial dysfunction among the orphan and vulnerable children in Kaski district, Nepal","authors":"Dipendra Malla, B. Acharya, Lil Bahadur Nepali, K. Anup, Pratikshya Gurung, N. Gupta, H. S. Chauhan","doi":"10.5455/pms.286489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pms.286489","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Malnutrition and mental disorders are the emerging problems among the children and adolescents worldwide especially among the children and adolescents in developing countries like Nepal. Objectives: To assess malnutrition and psychosocial dysfunction among vulnerable and children as well as to determine the association between malnutrition and psychosocial dysfunction among orphan and vulnerable children in Kaski district, Nepal. Materials and Methods: The study carried out was cross sectional which was done among 302 children residing from 10 institutional care facilities in Kaski district, Nepal, selected randomly using simple random sampling technique. Data collection was done in between January and February, 2015, by using anthropometric assessment and interview through use of pretested tools. Data were entered and analyzed using WHO Anthroplus software v.1.0.4 and SPSS v. 20. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition using percentile and z-score was found to be 12.3% and 10.3%, respectively. Psychosocial dysfunction was found to be 4.3% based on caregiver’s perspective and 3% on children’s own assessment. No association was found to be between malnutrition and psychosocial dysfunction among the orphan and vulnerable children. Conclusion: More than one tenth of the children were malnourished. Institutional care facilities should be concerned on lowering the malnutrition and promoting mental health through proper care support and recreational facilities.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"131 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120885763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 5-year audit of maternal mortality in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt","authors":"AbdelHady ElGilany, A. Badawy, M. Elhusseiny, M. Sarhan","doi":"10.5455/pms.286403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pms.286403","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This 5-year audit aims to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and describe causes of deaths as well as demographic and obstetric characters of dead mothers in Mansoura University Hospital (MUH), Egypt. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive study was carried out during the period from 2011 to 2015. All obstetric records (case notes, records of labor room, emergency records, and ward admission files) were reviewed for maternal deaths. The following data were abstracted: age, residence, occupation, cause of deaths, gestational age, gravidity, and mode of termination of pregnancy. Causes of maternal deaths were classified as direct and indirect. Results: During the study period, 23,078 obstetric admissions, 22,323 live births, and 61 maternal deaths were recorded. The MMR declined from 380.8 in 2011 to 145.5/100,000 live births in 2015. Hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders with pregnancies were the two main direct causes of maternal deaths. Out of the total deaths, 83.6% were in the age group of 21 to 35 years. The majority of maternal deaths (72.1%) belonged to rural areas and 91.8% were non-working. Most of the women who died were primigravida (49.2%). Only 26.2% of the mothers who died received antenatal care. More than half (57.4%) of deaths occurred after 48 hours of admission. Conclusion: The MMR in MUH is higher than national and regional figures. Adequate antenatal care and early referral of mothers with complications could contribute to reduction of maternal mortality. It is important to establish an audit committee for maternal deaths to determine the trends, causes, quality of care provided, and preventability of the death.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal obesity in stroke: An exploratory survey of stroke survivors attending physiotherapy facilities in Nigeria","authors":"Grace Vincent-Onabajo, H. Daniel, M. Ali, M. Masta","doi":"10.5455/pms.286424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pms.286424","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for many life threatening and life-changing chronic conditions. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity among stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation. Methods: Ninety stroke survivors attending three physiotherapy outpatient facilities in a metropolitan city in Nigeria participated in this cross-sectional survey. Abdominal obesity was determined with the measurement of waist circumference. Data on participants’ personal factors namely age, gender, post-stroke duration, and level of disability (Modified Rankin Scale) were also obtained and the prevalence of abdominal obesity was explored in relation to these factors using Chi-square statistics. Results: Mean (SD) age of participants was 58.9 (9.7) years, and male stroke survivors were in the majority (62.2%). Twenty-two participants were observed to have abdominal obesity giving a prevalence rate of 24.4%. Females had a significantly higher prevalence (44.1%) compared to males (12.5%). No other personal factors, however, resulted in significantly different prevalence rates. Conclusion: Approximately one in four stroke survivors in this study was observed to have abdominal obesity with a significantly higher prevalence among female stroke survivors. Further studies would be required to document outcomes of abdominal obesity after stroke and identify effective preventive and intervention strategies to address abdominal obesity among stroke survivors.","PeriodicalId":121507,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Medical Sciences","volume":"138 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128754876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}