Coalition Governance in Western Europe最新文献

Spain: Single-Party Majority and Minority Governments 西班牙:一党多数和少数政府

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0016

Bonnie N. Field

引用次数: 0

Sweden: The Rise and Fall of Bloc Politics 瑞典:集团政治的兴衰

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0017

Hellström Johan, Jonas Lindahl

引用次数: 2

The Three Stages of the Coalition Life Cycle 联盟生命周期的三个阶段

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0002

T. Bergman, Bäck Hanna, Hellström Johan

{"title":"The Three Stages of the Coalition Life Cycle","authors":"T. Bergman, Bäck Hanna, Hellström Johan","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on presenting the main research questions and answers provided in the literature on the different stages of the coalition life cycle. For example, focusing on the first stage—the formation stage—several researchers have tried to explain why specific types of governments form. Other scholars have asked why it takes longer to form governments in some contexts, or have tried to explain how parties distribute ministerial and policy payoffs when forming a cabinet. Focusing on the second stage of the coalition life cycle, we review the growing literature on coalition governance, concentrating on three coalition governance models; the ministerial autonomy model, the coalition compromise model, and the PM-dominated model—each of which make different assumptions about the actors that dominate the governance process in coalition governments. Focusing on the last phase of the coalition life cycle, the termination of governments, scholars have long aimed to explain the duration of cabinets, asking why some cabinets last longer than others. At the end of this chapter, we present some expectations about changes to the coalition life cycle which we are likely to observe considering the party system change we have seen in many Western European countries.","PeriodicalId":121479,"journal":{"name":"Coalition Governance in Western Europe","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Netherlands: Old Solutions to New Problems 荷兰:新问题的旧解决办法

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0013

Tom Louwerse, A. Timmermans

引用次数: 2

Coalition Governance in Western Europe 西欧的联合治理

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0001

T. Bergman, Bäck Hanna, Hellström Johan

引用次数: 27

Austria: Phasing-Out Grand Coalition Government 奥地利:逐步退出大联合政府

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0003

W. Müller

{"title":"Austria: Phasing-Out Grand Coalition Government","authors":"W. Müller","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Grand coalition government of the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP and the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) had been the hallmark of post-war Austria but the historic ‘grand coalition’ formula seems exhausted. The rationale for maintaining this cooperation vanished, electoral changes undermined the former duopoly of these parties, and party system changes brought new players into the game. Yet at the government level alternatives involving the Freedom Party (FPÖ) have proved unstable as in each case an FPÖ event brought down the government or prevented its renewal. The chapter shows how routine formateur-led processes of coalition formation resulting in anticipated outcomes contrast with a few instances which significantly deviate. Coalition governance is characterized by the use of an elaborated set of rules and instruments and great continuity over time and different types of coalition. Accordingly, the underlying principle of coalition politics has been the ‘coalition compromise’ model, with government policies to be largely agreed between the coalition partners. In practice, ministerial discretion tends to shift government policy output towards the model of ‘constrained ministerial government’. Most coalitions terminated early because of inter-party conflict.","PeriodicalId":121479,"journal":{"name":"Coalition Governance in Western Europe","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122697615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Croatia: Strong Prime Ministers and Weak Coalitions 克罗地亚:强有力的总理和软弱的联盟

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0019

Dario Nikić Čakar

{"title":"Croatia: Strong Prime Ministers and Weak Coalitions","authors":"Dario Nikić Čakar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Since regaining its independence in 1991, Croatia experienced major transformation of constitutional and political system in 2000, when illiberal semi-presidential rule was replaced with functional parliamentary democracy. These changes also established a new pattern of executive politics, with coalition governments as a norm. Furthermore, in the post-2000 period the prime ministerial government was established as the dominant governance model, with prime ministers taking over the leading role in coalition politics. Building on this notion, this chapter identifies several major features of coalition governance in Croatia: very general and rather brief coalition agreements without written rules on cabinet decision-making and on how to resolve internal conflicts; an informal and personalized way of handling conflicts between coalition parties; the dominant position of the prime minister and limited ministerial autonomy; and the policy and personnel conflicts between coalition parties as the main reason for cabinet termination. Thus, similarly to some other countries in Central Eastern Europe region, all three stages of coalition governance in Croatia are heavily dominated by top party leaders and particularly prime ministers, thus creating the patterns of informal and personalized coalition decision-making. The prime ministerial dominance is reflected in weak coalition arrangements, with very limited coordination established between coalition parties and the lack of broader conflict resolution mechanisms, which makes coalition cabinets especially fragile and unstable, particularly when challenged by the inclusion of new parties in government.","PeriodicalId":121479,"journal":{"name":"Coalition Governance in Western Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Norway: Towards a More Permissive Coalitional Order 挪威:迈向更宽容的联盟秩序

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0014

T. Stavenes, Kaare W. Strøm

{"title":"Norway: Towards a More Permissive Coalitional Order","authors":"T. Stavenes, Kaare W. Strøm","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Consensus, collegiality, and compromise still characterize Norwegian coalition governance, but important shifts in the formation, composition, and operation of Norwegian coalitions have taken place since the 1990s. An increasingly permissive Norwegian parliamentarism has facilitated the entry of previously non-coalitionable parties, such as the Socialist Left Party and the Progress Party, into government coalitions in 2005 and 2013, respectively. Also, small parties have begun to punch well above their weight in the allocation of ministerial portfolios, as in the case of the Liberal Party in 2001, which with only two MPs negotiated three cabinet seats. The chapter further demonstrates how Norwegian coalitions increasingly have appointed so-called cross-partisan junior ministers, mainly to provide cross-partisan advice, but also to be watchdogs for their respective parties. Finally, the use of the so-called cabinet sub-committee, normally comprising the leaders of each of the coalition parties, escalated in the 2000s. This sub-committee was designed to solve the most serious inter-party conflicts and became an important vehicle of conflict resolution under prime ministers Bondevik and Stoltenberg.","PeriodicalId":121479,"journal":{"name":"Coalition Governance in Western Europe","volume":"94 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115833067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finland: Forming and Managing Ideologically Heterogeneous Oversized Coalitions 芬兰:形成和管理意识形态异质的超大联盟

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0006

Tapio Raunio

{"title":"Finland: Forming and Managing Ideologically Heterogeneous Oversized Coalitions","authors":"Tapio Raunio","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Examining coalition governance in Finland, this chapter argues that due to the ideological heterogeneity of Finnish cabinets, prime ministers and governments emphasize the importance of ex ante control mechanisms. Government programmes have become very detailed and there are both established written rules and informal conventions for cabinet decision-making and for solving conflicts within the government. The prime minister is strongly constrained by the types of cabinets formed in Finland. Heading oversized, ideologically heterogeneous governments, prime ministers must strike a balance between active leadership and accommodating the preferences of the coalition partners. The key to managing such broad coalitions is building and maintaining trust among the governing parties. Coalition governance in Finland is also characterized by stability: the existing practices have remained basically unaltered at least since the mid-1990s, and the rise of populism has not changed how cabinets are formed or work. Prime ministers, the coalition partners, and their parliamentary groups know and mainly respect the rules of the game, and this contributes to the survival of the broad Finnish cabinets.","PeriodicalId":121479,"journal":{"name":"Coalition Governance in Western Europe","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125180703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ireland: Coalition Politics in a Fragmenting Party System 爱尔兰:分裂政党制度中的联合政治

Coalition Governance in Western Europe Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0011

P. Mitchell

{"title":"Ireland: Coalition Politics in a Fragmenting Party System","authors":"P. Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Ireland is a parliamentary democracy created as a result of a revolutionary secession from the United Kingdom. While Ireland has many institutional and administrative features that are quite similar to the Westminster model, there are also some important departures, most notably the adoption of limited government via a written constitution, and the adoption of PR-STV which has facilitated the formation of coalition governments. For most of the twentieth century (up until 1989 at least) a Fianna Fáil single-party government was the default outcome of the government-formation process, though many of these cabinets were ‘large’ minority administrations. The only method of ejecting Fianna Fáil was for the second- and third-largest parties (Fine Gael and Labour) to form a coalition government, which they did on a number of occasions. The bargaining environment permanently changed in 1989 when Fianna Fáil broke the habit of a lifetime and entered its first coalition with the Progressive Democrats. Since then almost all governments have been coalitions. This chapter examines the life cycle of coalition government in Ireland: formation, governance, and dissolution. Coalition agreements have evolved over the decades and have become much more important, detailed, and hence more lengthy. The coalition programme plays a key role in the work of the cabinet and the relations between the parties. The increasingly detailed coalition agreements are a very important commitment device during the life cycle of coalition governments. The increasing fragmentation of the party system has meant that coalition formation bargaining has become more challenging.","PeriodicalId":121479,"journal":{"name":"Coalition Governance in Western Europe","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115478641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0