Fire Safety Science最新文献_第9页

Comparative evaluation method for fire safety design of large storage spaces 大型仓储空间消防安全设计的比较评价方法

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-933

Zhenkun Wu, Haihang Li, Yaping He, Dechuang Zhou, Jian Wang

引用次数: 1

Fundamental flame spread and toxicity evaluation of fire retarded polymers 阻燃聚合物的基本火焰蔓延和毒性评价

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.11-846

M. Suzanne, S. Ukleja, M. Delichatsios, Jianping Zhang, B. Karlsson

引用次数: 5

Spectral Aspects of Bench-Scale Flammability Testing: Application to Hardwood Pyrolysis 光谱方面的实验尺度可燃性测试:应用于硬木热解

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-165

M. Chaos

{"title":"Spectral Aspects of Bench-Scale Flammability Testing: Application to Hardwood Pyrolysis","authors":"M. Chaos","doi":"10.3801/iafss.fss.11-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.11-165","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic pyrolysis of wood material used to palletize commodities is studied in a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA) for a range of heating conditions relevant to fires. The data collected, consisting of mass loss rate, cumulative mass loss, and surface temperature, are used to determine model-specific material properties using inverse modeling and optimization methodologies previously developed in our laboratory. However, in this study, considerable effort is placed on determining the radiation environment that characterizes the FPA tests as well as how the radiation interacts with the samples. This is done on the basis of the recognition that boundary conditions have a pronounced effect on the output of a given pyrolysis model and, thus, the optimization results. The spectral radiance from the FPA heaters as well as the absorptivity/emissivity of the material surface are measured herein. The spectral features of the surface indicate that markedly different effective emissivities and absorptivities can be exhibited by the material depending on the spectral distribution of incident radiation. These effects are included in the pyrolysis model used to extract model-specific material properties so that the optimization process can, in a sense, be decoupled from boundary conditions. Therefore, it is expected that the approach described in this study can ensure that the derived model-specific properties can be applied to practical scenarios that are characterized by radiation environments that differ from those in bench-scale test apparatuses such as the FPA.","PeriodicalId":12145,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Science","volume":"377 3","pages":"165-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72456023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

A Simplified Relation Between Hot Layer Height and Opening Mass Flow 热层高度与开口质量流量的简化关系

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-432

N. Johansson, P. Hees

引用次数: 7

Role of montmorillonite for enhancing fire retardancy of intumescent PLA 蒙脱土对膨胀型聚乳酸阻燃性的增强作用

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-808

G. Fontaine, A. Gallos, S. Bourbigot

引用次数: 13

Use of the Extreme Value Analysis in Determining Annual Probability of Exceedance for Bushfire Protection Design 极值分析在确定森林防火设计年超越概率中的应用

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-1379

Grahame Douglas, Yaping He, Yang Xiang, E. Morris

{"title":"Use of the Extreme Value Analysis in Determining Annual Probability of Exceedance for Bushfire Protection Design","authors":"Grahame Douglas, Yaping He, Yang Xiang, E. Morris","doi":"10.3801/iafss.fss.11-1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.11-1379","url":null,"abstract":"Historically extreme value analysis has been used to guide human activities against many forms of natural hazards such as floods, storms, heat waves and wind. However, it has not been used for extreme fire weather assessment. This may be because forest fire danger index is a composite of differing parameters which may not be regarded as being associated with adverse fire weather individually, however, collectively may result in Extreme fire weather conditions. This paper offers new insights in the use of the extreme value analysis for the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) so as to provide a scientific basis for planning, development and building construction in bushfire prone areas. The underlying principle is to use the recurrence of fire weather as measured by FFDI as the planning or design fire weather reference. The recurrence is determined by the applying the Generalised Extreme Value Analysis to local historical weather data of limited time period. The resultant distribution is fitted with an appropriate regression curve which allows the extrapolation beyond the available weather data recording period. The method is applied to a number of weather districts in the state of New South Wales of Australia. The derived FFDIs corresponding to the nominated recurrence is compared with the FFDIs based on traditional empirical methods.","PeriodicalId":12145,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"1379-1392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81505650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Simulating Vented Maize Starch Explosions in a 236 m3 Silo 在236立方米筒仓中模拟玉米淀粉爆炸

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-1469

T. Skjold

引用次数: 5

Analysis of Ignitions Following 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Using Kawasumi Model 用Kawasumi模型分析2011年东北地震火源

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-704

K. Himoto, M. Yamada, Tomoaki Nishino

{"title":"Analysis of Ignitions Following 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Using Kawasumi Model","authors":"K. Himoto, M. Yamada, Tomoaki Nishino","doi":"10.3801/iafss.fss.11-704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.11-704","url":null,"abstract":"Ignitions following the Tohoku earthquake (2011) can be divided either into earthquake-generated ignitions or tsunami-generated ignitions. This study analyzed the behavior of the earthquake-generated ignitions. Ignition records of 698 municipalities of eastern Japan was collected by a questionnaire survey and found that 191 ignitions were either directly or indirectly caused by seismic motion. These records of earthquakegenerated ignition were analyzed using the statistical model proposed by Kawasumi (Kawasumi model). Kawasumi model is a simple one-parameter model which formulates the relationship between the ignition probability p and the scale of seismic intensity θ. Seismic indices θ used in this analysis were (a) collapse ratio of houses, (b) JMA (Japan Meteorological Association) seismic intensity, (c) PGA (peak ground acceleration), (d) PGV (peak ground velocity), (e) PGD (peak ground displacement), (f) acceleration response and (g) SI (Spectral Intensity). Obtained adjusted determination coefficients were higher than 0.7 for most of the seismic indices θ except for (a) collapse ratio of houses and (e) PGD. After normalization with regard to time and season of its occurrence, the results were further compared with that of various earthquakes (1927-1968), and the Kobe earthquake (1995). Ignition probability p of the Tohoku earthquake (2011) was substantially lower than that of the various earthquakes (1927-1968). On the other hand, the difference of ignition probability p between the Tohoku earthquake (2011) and Kobe earthquake (1995) was relatively small.","PeriodicalId":12145,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"704-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Soot Deposition and Gravitational Settling Modeling and the Impact of Particle Size and Agglomeration 烟尘沉降和重力沉降模型及粒径和团聚的影响

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-376

J. Floyd, K. Overholt, O. Ezekoye, Hughes Associates

引用次数: 14

The Characteristics of Blind and Visually Impaired People Evacuation in Case of Fire 火灾中盲人和视障人员疏散的特点

Fire Safety Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3801/iafss.fss.11-1160

D. Samoshin, R. Istratov

引用次数: 7