{"title":"A Method for In-Situ Targeting and Harvesting of Cultured Cells Under a Microscope","authors":"H. Takamatsu, S. Uchida","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320229","url":null,"abstract":"A new technique was developed to select and harvest cultured cells that are targeted under a microscope. It utilizes a thermo-responsive dish on which cells are adhesive at temperatures above ~33degC and are separated from the surface only by cooling. The principle of the technique is to culture cells on a thermo-responsive dish, cool locally beneath a cell that are observed under a microscope, and harvest detached cells that lost their extracellular matrix using a micropipette. We developed a thermo-responsive dish by coating polymers, a mixture of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and PNIPAAm-grafted gelatin. A device was also developed to cool only a small part of the bottom of the dish beneath a cell that was targeted under a microscope. It was demonstrated that a cell or two cells that adhered each other were detached from the surface and harvested by a micropipette within about thirty seconds","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"46 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114123569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanorobotics System Simulation in 3D Workspaces with Low Reynolds Number","authors":"A. Cavalcanti, Tad Hogg, B. Shirinzadeh","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320269","url":null,"abstract":"We present a computational approach to enable the development of nanorobots operating in a fluid environment relevant for medical applications. Unlike the case of larger robots, the dominant forces in this environment arise from viscosity of low Reynolds number fluid flow and Brownian motion and such parameters are described throughout the paper. Hence, this paper describes a practical simulator that allows fast design methodology comparing various control algorithms for nanorobots and their suitability for different tasks. The simulator includes obstacles and identifiable targets, thereby providing a suitable environment for a typical nanorobot task: maintaining desired chemical concentrations near specific target areas","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122780419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial and temporal application of microfluidics to cells","authors":"A. Yamada, Y. Katanosaka, S. Mohri, K. Naruse","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320281","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid solution exchange around the adhesive single cell has recently received a great deal of attention from the viewpoint cell response analyses. We recently constructed a new system, which enables the replacement of solutions rapidly and precisely, by utilizing laminar flow technology. The sharp boundary of the adjoining two liquids (no mixing) moves around the cells, and minimum increments of the boundary shift are controlled at an interval of roughly 1.6 mum, and the time required for this movement is 20 msec. The system can be used for the analysis of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations using a fluorescent indicator, in which the cells are thus stimulated by the rapid exchange of the solution. These results suggest that the spatial and temporal control of the solution around the adhesive single cell can thus be realized","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"1726 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115561221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Uvet, T. Arai, K. Inoue, T. Takubo, S. Kunimatsu
{"title":"Compact Vision System on a Chip Application","authors":"H. Uvet, T. Arai, K. Inoue, T. Takubo, S. Kunimatsu","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320276","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the research and development of the two compact vision systems for real-time cell detection and manipulation in the capillary in order to apply on the \"desktop bioplant\" project which will achieve sort of cell manipulation tasks such as positioning, cutting, sizing, and so on, automatically between different interconnected modules. The first prototype vision system with sufficient magnification and image resolution has been designed to be boarded onto the PDMS chip. Design schema and preliminary experimental results of first proposed system have been also given. A second system with a commercially available small size and light-weight microscope unit has also been prototyped to be integrated under microfluidic channel. The integration of two models with desktop bioplant could bring a good solution to automation of the cell manipulation including nuclear transportation. While the size and weight of the total systems are decreased to provide portability and compatibility, determining the position and management of an egg-cell in a capillary has vital importance for the automation of nuclear transportation in a capillary with using micro robotics","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127400718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstitution of in vitro inactivation and reactivation systems of DnaA protein for the control of chromosomal replication initiation in Escherichia coli","authors":"M. Su’etsugu, K. Fujimitsu, T. Katayama","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320253","url":null,"abstract":"The Escherichia coli initiator protein, DnaA binds to the replicational origin of the chromosome (oriC) and initiates the replication in a manner depending on ATP binding. Replication of mini-chromosome (a plasmid bearing oriC) has been reconstituted in vitro using crude extracts or purified proteins. In these in vitro systems, only ATP-bound form of DnaA is active to initiate a series of initiation reactions which leads to loading of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (pol III HE) onto DNA for DNA synthesis. In a manner dependent on Hda protein and DNA loading of pol III HE, ATP bound on DnaA is hydrolyzed. The resultant ADP-bound form of DnaA is inactive for the initiation. This inactivation system called RIDA (regulatory inactivation of DnaA) ensures the replication initiation only once per cell cycle. We here describe recent progress on our system to reconstitute the inactivation of DnaA by RIDA and a novel system to regenerate active DnaA. The reconstitution of the Hda-dependent DnaA-ATP hydrolysis requires the DNA-loaded form of the sliding clamp. This complex is formed by loading of the beta subunit of pol III HE onto DNA during replication process. Hda protein forms a stable complex with the sliding clamp, and most likely has a direct contact to ATP bound on DnaA. The cellular ATP-DnaA level fluctuates during the cell cycle. Regeneration from ADP-DnaA to ATP-DnaA is observed in vivo before the next round of the replication. Recently we have found a specific DNA segment DARS (DnaA-reactivating sequences) that has an activity to release ADP bound on DnaA. ATP-DnaA is regenerated by nucleotide-exchange in the presence of DARS and the elevated concentrations of ATP. The resultant ATP-DnaA was active in the mini-chromosome replication reaction in vitro. Thus, DARS can functionally reactivate ADP-DnaA. The inactivation-reactivation cycle of DnaA might be reconstituted in vitro in a manner controled by RIDA and DARS","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130217488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expansion of protein biosynthesis system including nonnatural amino acids","authors":"T. Ohtsuki, Y. Doi, T. Manabe, M. Sisido","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320251","url":null,"abstract":"Nonnatural amino acids, such as fluorescent amino acids, can be introduced into proteins by using an expanded protein biosynthesis system. This approach requires orthogonal tRNAs that deliver nonnatural amino acids to a ribosome and expanded codon/anticodon pairs, like four-base codon/anticodon pairs. However, in this system, some of nonnatural amino acids are not efficiently incorporated into proteins. To expand the availability of the nonnatural mugatenesis, translation factors and tRNAs must be improved. In this study, we designed and synthesized an elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) mutant that efficiently binds to tRNAs charged with nonnatural amino acids. We also devised new tRNAs that decode four-base codons and efficiently deliver nonnatural amino acids into ribosome","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114715622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Vivo Microvascular Oxygen Measurements by Phosphorescence Quenching Technique","authors":"M. Shibata, S. Ichioka","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320286","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify the oxygen transport across the microvessels and oxygen distribution in the skeletal muscle, we have newly designed an intravital laser microscopy with oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence technique to determine both the microvascular and the tissue pO2. After injecting the phosphorescent probe into systemic blood, phosphorescence excited by a N2/dye pulse laser was detected with a photomultiplier over a 10 mum in diameter area. In vivo oxygen tension (pO2) measurements revealed the efficiency of this method. This method was then used to measure the pO 2 of microvessels with different diameters (40-30 mum) and of interstitial spaces in rat cremaster muscle. These measurements showed a significant reduction of pO2 levels in arterioles of different orders and the presence of large pO2 gradients at the blood/tissue interface of arterioles. These findings suggest that oxygen can be released from larger arterioles and O2 consumption of rat cremaster muscle might be high","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128380377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of 3D Tissue-Like Structure Ussing Magnetite Nanoparticles and Magnetic Force","authors":"A. Ito, K. Ino, K. Shimizu, H. Honda, M. Kamihira","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320291","url":null,"abstract":"Novel technologies to establish 3D tissue-like constructs are desired for tissue engineering. In the present study, magnetic force and magnetite nanoparticles were used to construct a layered mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet, a layered cardiomyocyte sheet, and a layered fibroblast sheet involving capillaries. Magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) were taken up by the target cells. When a magnet was set under a tissue culture dish, magnetically labeled target cells were attracted and then adhered to form a layered cell sheet. MSC sheets were harvested and transplanted into the bone defect in cranium of nude rats, resulted in formation of new bones surrounded by osteoblast-like cells. For cardiomyocyte sheets, the immunofluorescence staining revealed the existence of gap junctions within the cardiomyocyte sheets. For fibroblast sheets, normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) sheets contained the major dermal extracellular matrix components. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured with NHDF sheets, resulted in tube-like formation of HUVECs. These results suggest that this novel use of magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force, which we refer to as \"magnetic force-based tissue engineering (Mag-TE)\", offers a major advancement in tissue engineering","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127001137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ichikawa, Y. Shitamichi, H. Tashirot, Y. Kimura
{"title":"Dynamic study of micro-domains on a phospholipid bilayer membrane","authors":"M. Ichikawa, Y. Shitamichi, H. Tashirot, Y. Kimura","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320254","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental results of lateral phase separation on a multi-components membrane system, and the results together with data processing are discussed. In the experiments, phase separated domains show Brownian motion in the 2-dimensional system, thus an interaction between micro domains is calculated from a radial distribution function of domain distances. The measured interaction is sum of an excluded type repulsion in short range and a middle range attraction","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115126962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-dimensional Microstructuring of PDMS by Two-photon Microstereolithography","authors":"T. Hasegawa, K. Oishi, S. Maruo","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2006.320261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2006.320261","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a photocurable PDMS resin for making three-dimensional (3-D) PDMS-based micro structures via two-photon microstereolithography. Several 3-D micro structures such as alphabetical letters and microrotors were fabricated using femtosecond laser direct writing. Freely movable micro structures were also fabricated using the direct writing process. In addition, a microrotor was rotated by optical trapping. Finally, a movable microrotor was built into a microchannel and driven by light. Movable PMDS micromachines such as these have potential for application to microfluidic devices and as micromanipulation tools for biological applications","PeriodicalId":121329,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126735607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}