{"title":"Applications of Leaf Optics","authors":"S. Jacquemoud, S. Ustin","doi":"10.1017/9781108686457.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686457.012","url":null,"abstract":"Applications of leaf spectroscopy have many different end uses. Leaf level information is crucial to quantify the state of physiological processes, for example the energy budget and transpiration. It is used to monitor photosynthetic rates and respiration rates. It provides a basis to scale environmental processes from the molecule to the planet. Leaf spectroscopy is also used in remote sensing studies to calibrate processes and provide ground truth data for interpretation, and in agriculture to indirectly calibrate foliar nutrients like nitrogen concentration.","PeriodicalId":121291,"journal":{"name":"Leaf Optical Properties","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122026022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of Leaf Optical Properties","authors":"S. Jacquemoud, S. Ustin","doi":"10.1017/9781108686457.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686457.004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a background on measurements of optical properties. First, we review the terminology used to describe electromagnetic radiation, starting from definition of terms used in describing electromagnetic radiation, blackbody radiation, solar spectrum, and radiometric units (radiance, irradiance, etc.).","PeriodicalId":121291,"journal":{"name":"Leaf Optical Properties","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127385944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leaf Optical Properties in Different Wavelength Domains","authors":"S. Jacquemoud, S. Ustin","doi":"10.1017/9781108686457.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686457.005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the optical properties of leaves at the epidermis and how, to a large extent, the anatomical and morphological structure of the epidermis moderates, controls, and influences the optical properties of the leaf mesophyll and its functioning. We start with the properties of waxes, hairs, and the three-dimensional surface structures and explain many optical phenomena related to scattering of light away from the leaf such as iridescence and specular reflectance, and how surface roughness interacts with water. We discuss how light is focused into the leaf by the epidermal cells, illustrating how this is critical to leaf functions like exchanges of energy and gases.","PeriodicalId":121291,"journal":{"name":"Leaf Optical Properties","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122904458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variations Due to Leaf Abiotic and Biotic Factors","authors":"S. Jacquemoud, S. Ustin","doi":"10.1017/9781108686457.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686457.007","url":null,"abstract":"The term “stress” was defined by Jackson (1986) as any disturbance that adversely influences plant growth. Various types of stress can be caused by abiotic (water deficit, nutrient deficiency, salinity, heavy metal, herbicide, air pollution, etc.) and biotic (bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, etc.) factors. They may induce changes in leaf anatomy, chemistry, and physiology, which will result in changes in leaf optical properties (e.g., Carter, 1993).","PeriodicalId":121291,"journal":{"name":"Leaf Optical Properties","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123718398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fresnel’s Equations","authors":"Stéphane Jacquemoud, Susan L. Ustin","doi":"10.1017/9781108686457.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686457.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121291,"journal":{"name":"Leaf Optical Properties","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127347756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectroscopy of Leaf Molecules","authors":"S. Jacquemoud, S. Ustin","doi":"10.1017/9781108686457.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686457.003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides the basis for the absorption and internal scattering properties of leaves derived from theoretical spectroscopy of various chemical components. The absorption of electromagnetic radiation by leaf constituents occurs in different regions of the spectrum. Molecular electronic transitions take place in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum. This occurs when electrons in a molecule are excited from one energy level to a higher energy level. Transitions between two levels can occur upon the absorption of a photon.","PeriodicalId":121291,"journal":{"name":"Leaf Optical Properties","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133555751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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