Recht in Afrika最新文献

{"title":"Hydrocarbon Governance and Environmental Protection in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Ursil Lelo Di Makungu, Blaise Iyamba Valentin, Augustin Bedidjo Ular, Daddy Bogole Bolimia, Juvénal Madigo Ntekenge, Richard Mandandi Akemane, Martin Amisa Zogi, Nadyne-Clémence Chalachala, Didier Okoto Lofongola, Ibrahim Tshimpanga","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-103","url":null,"abstract":"The Congolese hydrocarbons sector is one of the key areas of the national economy and constitutes one of the main resources for financing the state budget. However, the uncontrolled exploitation of hydrocarbons can have consequences on the environment as a whole, which is a natural resource essential to human life and to terrestrial and marine biodiversity. To this end, the first principle of the Stockholm Declaration adopted by the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment states that “Man has a fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being. He has a solemn duty to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations”. From the above, the protection of the environment is part of the international commitments of States to promote, in particular, sustainable development. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), on the other hand, the lack of an adequate policy on hydrocarbon exploitation and environmental protection has enormous repercussions and unfortunate consequences on the entire Congolese population despite the absolute poverty that the latter is already experiencing. This paper awaits the implementation of adequate proposals to enable policy makers to know where to start in order to ensure sound hydrocarbon governance and sustainable environmental protection in the DRC. It is also a question of demonstrating that sound governance of hydrocarbons and environmental protection requires, in particular, the participation and efforts of everyone: first of all a political will, then a strong involvement of the public authorities, of the companies which invest in the hydrocarbons sector, and a change in the mentalities of the citizens for the integral and sustainable development of the DRC in line with its hydrocarbon potential.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les implications du principe de la souveraineté permanente de l’Etat sur les ressources naturelles sous l’empire de la Constitution du 18 février 2006 en République Démocratique du Congo","authors":"Joseph Cihunda Hengelela, Nicole Djangi Ekila","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-80","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article démontre que le principe constitutionnel de la souveraineté permanente de l’Etat sur les ressources naturelles a été inscrit dans le système juridique congolais comme un antidote au modèle économique hérité de la colonisation. Les auteurs soutiennent qu’au regard de sa portée, il peut offrir une protection efficace aux ressources naturelles en République Démocratique du Congo à condition que certains préalables soient remplis. Il s’agit notamment de l’effectivité de l’application des lois, de l’efficacité du contrôle des activités d’exploitations des ressources naturelles, de la transparence dans la collecte et la redistribution équitable des revenus des industries extractives ainsi que de l’exercice du droit à l’indemnisation en cas de spoliation.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125622613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zukunftsfähiger internationaler Rechtsrahmen für Investitionen in Afrika","authors":"L. Gramlich","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The future of sustainable development in Africa and for its growing population will depend on investments which might come mostly from abroad attracted by a favourable investment climate (or ecosystem). It is rather doubtful that the actual („old“) international legal framework for investment-related and investment-specific measures which does hardly create an adequate balance between the interests of all important public as well as private stakeholders would meet the requirement of today and tomorrow. But any alterations or improvements must start from the present state of things. So, this study looks at the different levels and various instruments dealing with traditional standards of investment and investor protection, e.g. BITs und TIPs, and at the activities of global, regional and sub-regional organizations (in particular EU and OHADA). Moreover, new developments at global and regional levels are discussed including trends showing a somewhat specific African approach to investment issues (“Africanization”). Finally, a very important topic, i.e. the relation between investment protection and human rights (of investors and of other people negatively affected by relevant activities), is described and assessed in more detail. A second part of the analysis will turn to elaborating on dispute settlement and enforcement issues since till today, there seems to be a sharp distinction between Investor-State- Dispute Settlement (ISDS) by way of mediation, conciliation and arbitration on the one hand and judicial redress by national courts (of home, host or third States) on the other.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"14 2 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131133672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commission Nationale des Terres Biens et Cour Spéciale des Terres et autres Biens du Burundi : un Etat sinistré ou une compétence au fondement légal contestable?","authors":"A. Niyonkuru","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2020-1-56","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the jurisdiction of Burundi’s Commission Nationale des Terres et autres Biens (National Commission on Land and other Assets) and of the Cour Spéciale des Terres et autres Biens (Special Court on Land and other Assets) where the State of Burundi, directly or indirectly, is involved. Considering that the double mechanism (i.e. the National Commission on Land and other Assets and the Special Court on Land and other Assets) is meant to deal with disputes opposing either the sinistrés or the sinistrés to third parties, public or private services, the paper particularly questions the jurisdiction rationae personae of the abovementioned mechanism and the receivability of some of the cases. For the purposes of Burundi’s law on the CNTB promulgated in December 2013, the term “sinistré” (literally “disaster victim”) “refers to the individual or legal person, among others the association or [the] company under private law, the person repatriated, displaced, regrouped or dispersed, widow, orphan, as well as any other person despoiled of his/her goods as result of the tragic events that occurred in (Burundi) since [its] independence” (see art.2, below). Compared to its predecessor, the 2019 Law on the National Commission on Land and other Assets is somewhat restrictive. For the persons listed above to be “sinistrés”, the condition is that they could not make their claims or could not obtain an appropriate follow-up to their request as a result of the socio-political context (see art. 2 in fine). Basically, this paper suggests the lack of jurisdiction of both the Commission and the Court where they did not conclude that one of the parties to the dispute was sinistré in accordance to the definition of this term in each relevant law governing Burundi’s Commission on Land and other Assets. The paper further argues that, unless the author of a request before the Commission claims that he/she is a sinistré, his/her case should be declared non-receivable. All these issues are addressed in the light of three cases among those which received significant publicity in media, namely, the so-called RUGOFARM, RUZIZI and KIGERI cases.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impressum","authors":"","doi":"10.9785/ubg-2018-111110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9785/ubg-2018-111110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"180 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134506170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exchange Program between Judges / Prosecutors from Germany and Tanzania","authors":"V. Alexander, Silke Benner, Eike Fesefeldt, E. Oltmanns, Melanie Rischke","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2019-1-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2019-1-120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115621129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflits des droits de propriété entre l’Etat congolais et les communautés locales autour des ressources naturelles du Parc National des Virunga en République Démocratique du Congo","authors":"B. Valentin, Merveille Bobina Mposo, Augustin Bedidjo Ular, Toufin Djamba Lundula, Jadis Senga Yenga, Jean-Aubin Akamba Lisoba, Bitota Kaza-di, Louange Kavugho Muvughe","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2023-1-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2023-1-110","url":null,"abstract":"Ce travail analyse les conflits des droits de propriété entre l’Etat congolais et les communautés locales autour des ressources naturelles du Parc des Virunga. Il a pour finalité de proposer les pistes des solutions efficaces face à la problématique liée notamment, à l’antériorité des droits de propriété des communautés locales sur les territoires des Virunga ainsi qu’à la disqualification des droits fonciers traditionnels par la loi dite Foncière en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). L’étude note que l’Etat n’est pas la seule autorité de création des droits, les communautés peuvent les créer aussi. Et, lorsque l’autorité étatique veut ignorer les règles communautaires au nom de la souveraineté sur ses ressources, ces dernières peuvent se défendre du principe de l’autodétermination économique, sociale ou culturelle. Si l’exploitation des ressources naturelles du Parc des Virunga peut servir à redistribuer d’une manière équitable les richesses nationales et s’il n’y a rien d’importance de les réserver, l’Etat peut procéder à l’exploitation des ressources naturelles de ce dernier tout en garantissant les droits et intérêts des communautés locales pour privilégier le climat social.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122379067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitteilungen aus der Gesellschaft für afrikanisches Recht (2022)","authors":"H. Sippel","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2022-2-264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2022-2-264","url":null,"abstract":"Bedauerliche Ereignisse führten in diesem Jahr zur erheblichen Beeinträchtigung unseres Alltags. Zur weiterhin bestehenden Pandemielage gesellte sich in den letzten Winterwochen das Kriegsgeschehen in der Ukraine mit drastischen Folgen auch für unser Leben in Deutschland, insbesondere die damit einhergehende Energiekrise. Die infolge dieser ungünstigen Gemengelage auftretenden Unwägbarkeiten verunmöglichten leider eine seriöse Planung der für Herbst 2022 intendierten Jahrestagung. Eine spätestens im Sommer vorzunehmende Verpflichtung möglicher Vortragender und eine ernstzunehmende Vorbereitung der aufwändigen Tagung mit unserem jeweiligen Kooperationspartner kann nicht ernsthaft erfolgen, wenn nicht feststeht, ob die Veranstaltung im Herbst überhaupt stattfinden kann, ob zu dieser Zeit für uns auch beheizte Räumlichkeiten am Tagungsort zur Verfügung stehen, und ob insbesondere eine ausreichende Zahl von Besucherinnen und Besuchern das Konferenzangebot anzunehmen bereit ist, die den erheblichen Einsatz personeller und materieller Ressourcen rechtfertigen könnte. Nach Einschätzung der Lage und Abwägung der Interessen hat der Vorstand der Gesellschaft für afrikanisches Recht e.V. daher beschlossen, im laufenden Jahr keine Konferenz auszurichten, die nächste Jahrestagung dafür aber nicht erst im Herbst, sondern bereits im Frühjahr 2023 zu veranstalten.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124078426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitteilungen aus der Gesellschaft für afrikanisches Recht (2021)","authors":"H. Sippel","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2021-2-258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2021-2-258","url":null,"abstract":"Trotz der im Kalenderjahr 2021 bestehenden Pandemielage und der damit einhergehenden Einschränkungen in vielen Lebensbereichen konnte die Gesellschaft für afrikanisches Recht e.V. ihren Aufgaben nachkommen und neben der Herausgabe der Zeitschrift sowie der Bereitstellung der Internetseite nach der vorjährigen Zwangspause insbesondere wieder die Jahreskonferenz veranstalten.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133858947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La répression du trafic et du don d’organes au Bénin de lege lata et de lege ferenda","authors":"Rodolphe Houédoté","doi":"10.5771/2363-6270-2021-2-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2021-2-183","url":null,"abstract":"L’article 457 du Code pénal interdit sans distinction le don et la vente d’organes humains. En effet, contrairement aux sociétés occidentales, au Bénin, le trafic et le don d’organes sont perçus comme une forme de commerce entre les êtres humains. On note cependant un décalage entre la situation juridique posée à l’article 457 du Code pénal et la réalité car dans les centres hospitaliers les listes d’attente s’allongent et nombreux sont les malades qui souffrent et meurent faute d’un organe susceptible de les sauver. La répression du trafic et du don d’organes prévue par le Code pénal est certes conforme au droit international, à la constitution, à l’anthropologie et à la sociologie béninoise mais n’est pas sans poser des problèmes dans la mise en œuvre de l’article 8 de la constitution. Elle révèle également des incohérences dans l’arsenal juridique et des obstacles à l’efficacité de la répression du trafic et du don d’organe.","PeriodicalId":121115,"journal":{"name":"Recht in Afrika","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}