Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications最新文献

{"title":"Analysis Of Security Characteristics In Software","authors":"D. Rine","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125407007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Electronic Library And IAIMS at Georgetown University","authors":"N. Broering","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129103357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Ultra Reliable Medical Systems","authors":"M. H. Hamilton","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669593","url":null,"abstract":"With today's conventional system development techniques, as size and complexity increase so does the probability that a system, when introduced into operation, cannot be trusted. This is despite an inordinate amount of testing and evaluation. And when a system works, the cost of attaining such a state is often needlessly high. The predictable result is wasted dollars, lost time and missed deadlines. For many systems, coping with events that cannot be entirely predicted is vital to effective real-time system performance. The uncertainty of actual environmental conditions at the moment of truth can present challenges to operational reliability that border on the impossible. Such was the case with the Therac 25 radiation therapy environment [I , 21. As a result of hardware, software and humanware system defects and defects in integrating these systems during development and in real time, people unnecessarily lost their lives. These incidents are a cruel reminder that \"One small break in the chain of care can have grave consequences\" [3]. For a medical environment, whether it be one with direct or indirect human involvement, a technology which reverses these trends is needed to develop ultra-reliable systems. Ideally, a system that is ultra-reliable has zero defects. Zero-defect systems are theoretically possible, but difficult, to achieve. There are today, however, substantial numbers of errors which exist, or potentially exist, in developed systems or systems to be developed which can be eliminated. This can be accomplished by using a combination of common sense and advanced modeling, simulation and software development techniques. Properties of Zero-Defect Systems A system is an assemblage of objects united by some form of regular interaction or interdependence. It could consist of hardware, software or humanware objects; or, it could be a combination of any of these. Thus, a person, a computer, a software program or the integration of these objects is a system. A zero-defect system is defined in terms of properties about the system (e.g., its developmental states of existence such as a definition or an implementation, each of which is an evolving input object to the system which develops it) and in terms of properties of the system for its operational states of existence. A zero-defect system is one which is reliable in both a formal and practical sense. A formal system is consistent and logically complete; it has no interface errors (or ambiguities). Apractical system is developed on time and it is affordable to bdild and operate; it works. A system which works will handle the unpredictable, both as a system being developed and as a system being operated, it satisfies the developer's intent; it satisfies the user's intent; it always gets the right answer at the right time and in the right place; it is efficient to operate in time and in space. To handle the unpredictable, a system, during its own development, will handle changing development req","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117028585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Medical Software: What Is It And What Do We Do With It?","authors":"R. Grams","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Software Generation and Maintenance Processes","authors":"A. Sage","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669605","url":null,"abstract":"4. Software engineering i:; in need of imbedding within a framework for systems engineering such that Software Systems Engineering emerges as a viable intellectual activity. There are concerns at the level of tools for software systems engineering, at the level of software s stems erigineering methodolog,y and design, anc?at thelevel of software systems manage ment. The resulting morphology for software systems en ineering, which is emerging, will need to consider","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127695102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Applications/needs For Operational Issues In Health Care","authors":"Neil Massoud, A. M.B., Sutter","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669584","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Neil Massoud discussed budgetary and productivity considerations, and methods through computerization which could circumvent obstacles in the optimization of pharmacy operations. The discussion focused on the use of computers to resolve operational problems as well as the development of a \"wish list\" for mainframe/micro systems. This material was presented with consideration to current and future economic trends.","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127566135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role Of Insurance In Managing The Liability Risks Of Medical Technology Applications","authors":"P.W. Fiscus","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669596","url":null,"abstract":"upintended or unforeseen a functional purpose but flaw that can lead to bodily injury or damage once in the market place. Fur example, a highly publicized radiological system, the Therac 25, has been linked in five separate instances of radiation overdose attributed to errant logic in the keyboard editing software. caused the computer to over-estimate dosages and in several instances resulted in serious overexposure and patient death.","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection Of Intellectual Property","authors":"D. B. Newman","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669597","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131692231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viewpoints on the responsibilities of the various communities","authors":"G. Devey, B. Holmes, W. Hendee, F. Rollo, R. Schneider, Joseph Prewitt, R. Veatch, Maurice Frankel, K. Porter","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128322183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Expert Systems: Issues of Validation, Evaluation and Judgment","authors":"C. Kulikowski","doi":"10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMA.1988.669589","url":null,"abstract":"Medical expert systems often present quite difficult problems of validation and evaluation because their knowledge bases typically contain many implicitly represented value judgments, which may not be easily separated from statements of uncertainty and fact, as in a formal decision theoretic rnodel. Thus, it is the very flexibility of knowledge representation allowed by expert system frameworks which makes the job of knowledge validation and system performance evaluation more complex than for simpler decision support systems. And, because of the ethical and legal constraints on medicail knowledge utilization and testing, it has been difficult to produce systematic mothodologies for evaluating the performance of these systems. It is therefore not surprising that they have not been as widely adopted as expert systems in other domains which have been derived from the pioneering work in medical systems. While new methods of knowledge base refinement hold out the promise for technical improvements, issues of responsibility for the application, testing and evaluation of expert systems will continue to provide fertile ground for discussion of the extra-logical elements of decision making.","PeriodicalId":121085,"journal":{"name":"Symposium Record Policy Issues in Information and Communication Technologies in Medical Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124743845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}