Kasim Qureshi, Muhammad U Farooq, Philip B Gorelick
{"title":"Genotype-guided dual antiplatelet therapy in cerebrovascular disease: assessing the risk and benefits for ethnic populations.","authors":"Kasim Qureshi, Muhammad U Farooq, Philip B Gorelick","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2245754","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2245754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and antiplatelet therapy is a main pharmacologic means of secondary prevention. Clinical information has accumulated about benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy in certain clinical scenarios, genetic causes of antiplatelet resistance and its effect on clinical outcomes, and ethnic and geographic distributions of genetic polymorphisms.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review covers literature related to the pharmacogenomics of antiplatelet agents with a focus on ethnic variability, antiplatelet resistance, and dual antiplatelet therapy in cerebrovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Selecting patients for dual antiplatelet therapy and specific agents require consideration of multiple factors. Ethnic factors should be considered in certain circumstances, but additional research is needed to determine the generalizability of the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":"21 9","pages":"621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donald P Tchapmi, Chris Agyingi, Antoine Egbe, Gregory M Marcus, Jean Jacques Noubiap
{"title":"The use of digital health in heart rhythm care.","authors":"Donald P Tchapmi, Chris Agyingi, Antoine Egbe, Gregory M Marcus, Jean Jacques Noubiap","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2226868","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2226868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Digital health is a broad term that includes telecommunication technologies to collect, share and manipulate health information to improve patient health and health care services. With the growing use of wearables, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other novel technologies, digital health is particularly relevant to the field of cardiac arrhythmias, with roles pertinent to education, prevention, diagnosis, management, prognosis, and surveillance.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes information on the clinical use of digital health technology in arrhythmia care and discusses its opportunities and challenges.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Digital health has begun to play an essential role in arrhythmia care regarding diagnostics, long-term monitoring, patient education and shared decision making, management, medication adherence, and research. Despite remarkable advances, integrating digital health technologies into healthcare faces challenges, including patient usability, privacy, system interoperability, physician liability, analysis and incorporation of the huge amount of real-time information from wearables, and reimbursement. Successful implementation of digital health technologies requires clear objectives and deep changes to existing workflows and responsibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":"21 8","pages":"553-563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armand N Yazdani, Michaela Pletsch, Abraham Chorbajian, David Zitser, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K Agrawal
{"title":"Biomarkers to monitor the prognosis, disease severity, and treatment efficacy in coronary artery disease.","authors":"Armand N Yazdani, Michaela Pletsch, Abraham Chorbajian, David Zitser, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2264779","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2264779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a prevalent condition characterized by the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries of the heart. The global burden of CAD has increased significantly over the years, resulting in millions of deaths annually and making it the leading health-care expenditure and cause of mortality in developed countries. The lack of cost-effective strategies for monitoring the prognosis of CAD warrants a pressing need for accurate and efficient markers to assess disease severity and progression for both reducing health-care costs and improving patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>To effectively monitor CAD, prognostic biomarkers and imaging techniques play a vital role in risk-stratified patients during acute treatment and over time. However, with over 1,000 potential markers of interest, it is crucial to identify the key markers with substantial utility in monitoring CAD progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on identifying and highlighting the most relevant markers for monitoring CAD prognosis and disease severity. We searched for relevant literature using PubMed and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>By utilizing the markers discussed, health-care providers can improve patient care, optimize treatment plans, and ultimately reduce health-care costs associated with CAD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"675-692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelena Simic, Miroslav Mihajlovic, Nevena Zec, Vladan Kovacevic, Milan Marinkovic, Nebojsa Mujovic, Tatjana Potpara
{"title":"The impact of anticoagulation therapy on kidney function in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Jelena Simic, Miroslav Mihajlovic, Nevena Zec, Vladan Kovacevic, Milan Marinkovic, Nebojsa Mujovic, Tatjana Potpara","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2270909","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2270909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely related. These diseases share common risk factors and are associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events. Choosing the appropriate oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) in patients with AF and CKD is challenging. Deterioration of renal function is common in patients with AF treated with OACs, although not all OACs affect the kidneys equally.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with AF and CKD, focusing on the impact of specific OAC agents on renal function.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Consideration of OAC use is mandatory in patients with AF and CKD who are at increased risk of stroke or systemic embolism. Available evidence suggests that the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is associated with slower deterioration of renal function in comparison to Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Hence, a NOAC should be used in preference to VKAs in all NOAC-eligible patients with AF and CKD. Regarding patients with end-stage renal dysfunction and those on dialysis or renal replacement therapy, the use of NOAC should be considered in line with locally relevant formal recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"937-945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth C Ghandakly, Aaron E Tipton, Faisal G Bakaeen
{"title":"Pathophysiology and management of saphenous vein graft disease.","authors":"Elizabeth C Ghandakly, Aaron E Tipton, Faisal G Bakaeen","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2233420","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2233420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The saphenous vein graft (SVG) is the most used conduit in CABG. With standardization of its use as a conduit came an understanding of its accelerated atherosclerosis, known as saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD). Given its extensive use, a review of the pathophysiology and management of SVGD is important as we optimize its use.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>For this review, an extensive literature search was completed to identify and examine the evolution of SVG in CABG, mechanisms driving SVGD, and methods developed to prevent and manage it. This includes a review of relevant major papers and trials in this space.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Eras of evolution in SVG usage in CABG include an experimental era, era of SVG dominance in CABG, and the current era of mixed venous and arterial grafting. As SVGD was studied, the mechanisms behind it became more understood, and prevention and management methods were developed. As advances in surgical techniques and pharmacotherapy continue to reduce occurrence and severity of SVGD, long-term patency of SV grafts continues to improve and remain excellent in optimized settings. With continued innovation and improvement in operative techniques, the SVG conduit is and will remain an important player in the field of coronary bypass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":"21 8","pages":"565-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical challenges facing patient participation in cardiac rehabilitation: cigarette smoking.","authors":"Diann E Gaalema, Sherrie Khadanga, Quinn R Pack","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2282026","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2282026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is highly effective at reducing morbidity and mortality. However, CR is underutilized, and adherence remains challenging. In no group is CR attendance more challenging than among patients who smoke. Despite being more likely to be referred to CR, they are less likely to enroll, and much more likely to drop out. CR programs generally do not optimally engage and treat those who smoke, but this population is critical to engage given the high-risk nature of continued smoking in those with cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review covers four areas relating to CR in those who smoke. First, we review the evidence of the association between smoking and lack of participation in CR. Second, we examine how smoking has historically been identified in this population and propose objective screening measures for all patients. Third, we discuss the optimal treatment of smoking within CR. Fourth, we review select populations within those who smoke (those with lower-socioeconomic status, females) that require additional research and attention.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Smoking poses a challenge on multiple fronts, being a significant predictor of future morbidity and mortality, as well as being strongly associated with not completing the secondary prevention program (CR) that could benefit those who smoke the most.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"733-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71520857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter A Kavsak, Emilie P Belley-Cote, Richard P Whitlock, André Lamy
{"title":"Cardiac troponin testing in cardiac surgery.","authors":"Peter A Kavsak, Emilie P Belley-Cote, Richard P Whitlock, André Lamy","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2283123","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2283123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"729-731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72014035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gurleen Wander, Johanna A van der Zande, Roshni R Patel, Mark R Johnson, Jolien Roos-Hesselink
{"title":"Pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease: a focus on management and preventing the risk of complications.","authors":"Gurleen Wander, Johanna A van der Zande, Roshni R Patel, Mark R Johnson, Jolien Roos-Hesselink","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2237886","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2237886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiac disorder in pregnancy in the western world (around 80%). Due to improvements in surgical interventions more women with CHD are surviving to adulthood and choosing to become pregnant.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Preconception counseling, antenatal management of CHDs and strategies to prevent maternal and fetal complications.Preconception counseling should start early, before the transition to adult care and be offered to both men and women. It should include the choice of contraception, lifestyle modifications, pre-pregnancy optimization of cardiac state, the chance of the child inheriting a similar cardiac lesion, the risks to the mother, and long-term prognosis. Pregnancy induces marked physiological changes in the cardiovascular system that may precipitate cardiac complications. Risk stratification is based on the underlying cardiac disease and data from studies including CARPREG, ZAHARA, and ROPAC.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Women with left to right shunts, regurgitant lesions, and most corrected CHDs are at lower risk and can be managed in secondary care. Complex CHD, including systemic right ventricle need expert counseling in a tertiary center. Those with severe stenotic lesions, pulmonary artery hypertension, and Eisenmenger's syndrome should avoid pregnancy, be given effective contraception and managed in a tertiary center if pregnancy does happen.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":"21 8","pages":"587-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9922797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing the challenge of a small aortic annulus in patients with severe aortic stenosis.","authors":"Alicia Prieto-Lobato, Jorge Nuche, Marisa Avvedimento, Jean-Michel Paradis, Eric Dumont, Dimitris Kalavrouziotis, Siamak Mohammadi, Josep Rodés-Cabau","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2271395","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2023.2271395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Small aortic annulus (SAA) poses a challenge in the management of patients with severe aortic stenosis requiring aortic valve replacement - both surgical and transcatheter - since it has been associated with worse clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review aims to comprehensively summarize the available evidence regarding the management of aortic stenosis in patients with SAA and discuss the current controversies as well as future perspectives in this field.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>It is paramount to agree in a common definition for diagnosing and properly treating SAA patients, and for that purpose, multidetector computer tomography is essential. The results of recent trials led to the expansion of transcatheter aortic valve replacement among patients of all the surgical-risk spectrum, and the choice of treatment (transcatheter, surgical) should be based on patient comorbidities, anatomical characteristics, and patient preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"747-761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49689454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}