European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery最新文献

{"title":"The role of serum vaspin level in the early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia induced in experimental animal model.","authors":"Ömer Çelik, Uğur Doğan, Hamit Yaşar Ellidağ, Özlem Etli, Remzi Can Çakir, Turan Can Yildiz, Erhan Aydemir, Kemal Eyvaz","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02782-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-025-02782-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is one of the abdominal surgical emergencies with high mortality and morbidity and early diagnosis and treatment are of vital importance. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum vaspin level as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of AMI in an experimental animal model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 6 groups. Ischaemia groups (1, 3, 5) underwent SMA dissection and ligation, while control groups (2, 4, 6) did not. Blood and intestinal tissue samples were collected at 30 min, 2 h, and 6 h. Vaspin (ng/ml), TAS (Total antioxidant capacity, μmol Trolox equiv./L), TOS (Total oxidant capacity, μmol H₂O₂ equiv./L), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase, U/L), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase, U/L) and OSI (TOS/TAS) ratio of these biochemical values were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaspin levels were compared at 30 min, 2 h, and 6 h in ischaemia and control groups. No significant difference was found at 30 min and 2 h (p > 0.05), but a significant increase was observed at 6 h (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the Vaspin (ng/ml) measurements of the ischaemia groups at three different times (p < 0.05). The highest Vaspin (ng/ml) value was obtained at the 6th hour and the lowest at the 30th minute.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, a statistically significant increase in vaspin levels was detected with increasing ischaemia duration and necrosis. These findings suggest that vaspin may be a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis of AMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the impact of validated handover protocols on treatment outcomes in polytrauma patients: a systematic review.","authors":"Eva Steinfeld, Karolina Dahms, Julia Dormann, Kelly Ansems, Heidrun Janka, Maria Inti-Metzendorf, Gernot Marx, Carina Benstoem, Thomas Breuer","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02776-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-025-02776-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Effective patient handovers in healthcare settings are critical for ensuring patient safety and care quality. Handover tools have gained prominence as potential aids in improving these transitions. This systematic review seeks to answer the question if the use of validated handover protocols leads to better treatment outcomes in polytrauma patients compared to no use of validated handover protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science to identify relevant studies from inception of each database to June 15, 2022. We intended to include systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials comparing the use of validated handover tools to no use of such tools in adult polytrauma patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the absence of systematic reviews and RCTs meeting our criteria, we included 26 initially excluded studies to glean insights into handover tool usage. This broader inclusion facilitated the identification of two categories of tools: standardized tools and customized tools. Among studies employing customized tools, positive outcomes were reported in various aspects, including enhanced information quality, improved staff communication, and reduced risks and treatment errors. In contrast, studies utilizing well-established standardized tools documented improvements in communication, documentation, and overall satisfaction among medical professionals, signaling a reduction in communication errors and lost information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heterogeneity of the studies and no trials meeting our eligibility criteria present challenges for conducting a traditional systematic review. In the lack of evidence from RCTs and systematic reviews, our analysis of the available studies sheds light on the complexities of assessing handover tools' utility, especially in diverse clinical settings. It highlights the need for more standardized methodologies and further investigation into the effectiveness of custom-designed tools. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of handover tools in healthcare. While some studies suggest positive outcomes, further research is necessary to elucidate the design and implementation of these tools to enhance care and support healthcare professionals in their roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of FAST ankle ultrasound compared to standard radiography for fracture detection in the emergency department by non-radiologist physicians: a monocentric prospective diagnostic cohort study.","authors":"Laeticia Vaiana Frezals, Arnaud Delafontaine, Hélène Scoubeau, Régis Sontou, Sofie Moorthamers, Antoine Plumacker, Alain Plumacker","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02772-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-025-02772-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of FAST ankle ultrasound, performed by non-radiologist specialist physicians, compared to standard X-ray imaging for ankle and foot trauma in the emergency department. Additionally, we analyzed whether other variables, such as demographic characteristics of the included patients, could influence fracture detection with the diagnostic tools used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-randomized monocentric prospective diagnostic cohort study was conducted on 143 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ankle and foot fractures were more frequently detected by FAST ultrasound compared to standard radiography. Regarding the influence of demographic factors, age and the correlation between Body Mass Index and age significantly influenced the ability to detect fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FAST ultrasound demonstrated good diagnostic value in routine clinical practice for screening purposes and could be easily applied by non-radiologist specialist physicians. Implementing this approach may reduce time and costs in patient management, thereby aiding in alleviating triage congestion in the emergency department. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION FOR PROSPECTIVELY REGISTERED TRIALS: NCT05528432; 21-02-21.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing acute pain management in trauma care: the role, structure and core principles of acute trauma pain services.","authors":"Kanika Gupta, Shrish Nalin, Sandeepika Dogra, Parvez M Dar","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02778-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00068-025-02778-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma injuries, both accidental and violence-related, account for a significant number of fatalities and non-fatal injuries annually, with pain being a predominant symptom affecting trauma patients. Despite its prevalence, pain is often undertreated in emergency settings, leading to adverse outcomes such as delayed recovery, impaired respiratory function, and increased risk of chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder. An Acute Trauma Pain Service (ATPS) is designed to address these issues through a multidisciplinary approach, involving anesthesiologists, pain nurses, and trauma specialists. This service aims to provide comprehensive pain management by employing multimodal analgesia, which integrates pharmacological methods and regional techniques throughout the entire trauma care continuum. Effective pain management not only improves immediate patient well-being but also reduces long-term complications and economic burdens associated with extended hospital stays and readmissions. The integration of Acute pain service in trauma care emphasizes the importance of pain management as an integral part of patient recovery, highlighting the need for specialized services to enhance the quality and efficacy of trauma care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firework injuries around New Year's Eve - epidemiology, injury patterns and risk factors.","authors":"Helena Wegmann, Steffi Mayer, Notker Blankenburg, Peter Zimmermann, Torsten Schulz, Martin Lacher, Christian Kleber, Georg Osterhoff","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02785-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00068-025-02785-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to determine key demographic and behavioural risk factors contributing to firework-related injuries and their outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on pediatric and adult patients treated for firework-related injuries at the University Hospital Leipzig from December 28th to January 3rd over 10 years (2013-2023). Data were collected on demographics, injury details, weather conditions and classification of fireworks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 155 patients (mean age 24 years, 80% male) were included. Injuries predominantly occurred within two hours after midnight, and all incidents involved violation of safety regulations. Most injuries were self-inflicted (48.4%), with hands being the most frequently affected body part (52.9%). Burn injuries were common (43.9%) but were less likely during rainy weather (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7, p = 0.004). Surgical intervention was required in 23.9% of cases, with significant risk factors being associated bone injuries (OR 107.1, 95% CI 22.7 to 505.6), male sex (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.3-25.0) and multiple body region injuries (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.1-11.7). Permanent loss of function was observed in 46.5% of all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Firework-related injuries around New Year's Eve are associated with significant morbidity, particularly affecting the hands and often requiring surgical intervention. Bone injuries, male sex and multiple body region injuries were associated with higher need for surgical treatment. Despite most fireworks being purchased legally, there is widespread disregard to age restrictions and safety protocols. These findings highlight the necessity of public health initiatives to reduce the incidence and severity of such injuries, rather than stricter regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pre-existing psychiatric treatment in suicidal jumpers on the need for in-hospital treatment following injury.","authors":"Rolle Rantala, Mikko Heinänen, Joonas Kuorikoski, Tuomas Brinck, Tim Söderlund","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02780-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00068-025-02780-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the effect of pre-existing psychiatric disorders on outcome following suicidal jump from a height.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Suicidal jumpers were identified from Helsinki Trauma Registry from 2006 to 2015. Trauma registry data were combined with administrative registry data to obtain long-term mortality and in-hospital treatment. The in-hospital treatment data was from 2 years preceding the index injury and up to 5 years post injury. Reasons for the in-hospital visits were also recorded. We analyzed the patients in two groups, namely patients without a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis (group 1) and patients with a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis (group 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred twenty-seven patients were included in the analysis, with 73 patients having received pre-existing psychiatric treatment. A total of 57% of patients were males and 28% of patients suffered severe traumatic brain injury (head AIS ≥ 3). Group 2 patients had a higher number of in-hospital days pre- and post-injury than group 1 patients. Reason for in-hospital treatment in group 2 was psychiatric in over 80% of days except in the year beginning from the index injury. 30-day mortality was similar between the groups 1 and 2 (11% vs. 16%, p = 0.395). Five-year survival was 72% in group 2 patients to 86% in group 1 patients (p = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorder reaching hospital alive have higher pre- and post-injury requirements for in-hospital treatment than patients without a pre-existing psychiatric disorder. Although pre-existing psychiatric disorder does not affect early mortality, long-term mortality is increased by 14%.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Trial registration number and date of registration: HUS/221/2017, 30.3.2017.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in polytrauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Karolina Dahms, Kelly Ansems, Julia Dormann, Eva Steinfeld, Heidrun Janka, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Thomas Breuer, Carina Benstoem","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02789-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00068-025-02789-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma patients, particularly to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is debated due to rising antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this systematic review evaluated the safety and effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis compared to placebo or standard care on clinical outcomes in adult polytrauma patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify completed and ongoing studies from database inception to April 20, 2023. Eligible studies included systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antibiotic prophylaxis to placebo or standard care in adult polytrauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1237 identified records, three RCTs involving 256 patients (n_antibiotics = 176, n_control = 165, mean age 37.4 years, 81.6% male) were included. Antibiotic prophylaxis showed little or no effect on all-cause mortality compared to placebo or standard care (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.55-1.85; RD 2 more per 1000, 95% CI -79 to 150; 2 studies, 209 participants; I² = 0%; very low certainty of evidence).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis has no significant effect on mortality and clinical status compared with placebo or standard care in adult polytrauma patients but may reduce the risk of VAP. However, the evidence is outdated and of very low certainty, with insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions regarding efficacy. Therefore, high-quality, up-to-date research is urgently needed to support clinical decision-making, and current interpretations should be treated with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does capsule repair improve the clinical and radiological outcomes of the acute Rockwood type V acromioclavicular dislocations treated with the double endobutton technique?","authors":"Mehmet Maden, Tayfun Bacaksiz, Ihsan Akan, Cemal Kazimoglu","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02786-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00068-025-02786-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of the present study is to examine how repairing the capsule affects the radiological and clinical results of treating acute Rockwood type V acromioclavicular joint dislocations using the endobutton method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved patients between the ages of 18 and 65 who had acute Rockwood type V acromioclavicular joint dislocation and were treated using the double endobutton technique, with or without capsule repair, from January 2021 to December 2023. Clinical and radiological assessment was conducted at various time points up to the last follow-up. Functional evaluation was conducted using the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scoring system, Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and Specific Acromioclavicular Score (SACS) at the final follow-up. Radiological evaluation involved the measurement of the coracoclavicular distance and evaluation of complications. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U and Pearson's Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a group of 23 patients were monitored over a period of approximately 20.91 ± 8.3 (12-36) months. Functional results were significantly different in favor of Group 2, when the groups were categorized from excellent to poor (p < 0.05). At the final radiograph, the mean coracoclavicular distance showed a statistically significant difference in favor of Group 2 (p = 0.039). Loss of reduction was statistically significantly seen more in Group 1 (p = 0.031). The total rate of complication was similarly in the two groups, showing no substantial variations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of the double endobutton method and capsule repair is a secure and dependable procedure that provides sufficient stability. This technique has provided favorable clinical and radiologic results in the treatment of acute Rockwood type V acromioclavicular dislocation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, Retrospective comperative study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of wound ballistics and their clinical implications in firearm injuries.","authors":"Patrizio Petrone, Javier O Dagnesses-Fonseca, Jordi Marín-Garcia, John McNelis, Corrado P Marini","doi":"10.1007/s00068-025-02777-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-025-02777-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ballistics is the science that studies the trajectory, range, and effects of projectiles. Knowledge of the principles of wound ballistics is of particular importance to the surgeon because they allow the optimization of the diagnosis and treatment of those injured by firearms. This review focuses on the updated knowledge of wound ballistics as it pertains to the diagnosis and treatment of gunshot wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The search was limited to observational articles pertaining to wound ballistics and its relationship to patient management in English and Spanish published between January 2014 and March 2024. Studies about weapon design, patients with lethal injuries, experimental, forensic, historical studies, and those reports on pediatric population were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven articles from twenty-eight publications meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The understanding of wound ballistics enhances the ability to identify potential injuries and to optimize the treatment of gunshot wounds in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of muscle wasting assessed by ultrasound and analysis of growth factor and systemic inflammation mediators in critically ill trauma patients: an observational study.","authors":"Carla Cristina de Araújo Alves, Priscilla Flavia de Melo, Luciana Vieira, Sunita Mathur, Chris Burtin, Vinicius Z Maldaner, Joao Luiz Q Durigan, Carla Nunes de Araujo, Vinicius Carolino de Souza, Graziella França Bernardelli Cipriano, Gaspar R Chiappa, Glauco Lima Rodrigues, Paulo Eugênio Silva, Gerson Cipriano Junior","doi":"10.1007/s00068-024-02683-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-024-02683-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aims to describe initial changes in muscle thickness and composition, muscle growth signaling mediators, and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients after major trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study was carried out in a Level-I nonprofit trauma center. Thirty adults requiring mechanical ventilation were assessed within 24 h post-admission. Skeletal muscle wasting was evaluated using ultrasound for muscle thickness and echogenicity along with circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and inflammatory cytokines over five consecutive days. Changes over time were assessed using ANOVA repeated-measures analysis with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Bivariate correlations were evaluated using Pearson or Spearman coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over five days, a significant decrease (11%) in rectus femoris thickness (3.91 ± 0.86 to 3.47 ± 0.64, cm, p = 0.01) and an increase (29%) in echogenicity (62.1 ± 13.1 to 80.4 ± 17.3, AU, p < 0.01) were observed among the 30 patients included in this study. Circulating levels of IGF-1 exhibited a 38% reduction (68.8 ± 43.6 to 42.4 ± 29.4, ng/mL, p = 0.01). Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-y) increased by 17% (4.83 ± 1.39 to 5.66 ± 1.61, pg./mL, p = 0.02) from day 1 to day 5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal substantial thickness and muscle composition alterations within 48 h post-admission, worsening over five days. Despite standard rehabilitation care, changes in IGF-1 and IFN-y levels suggest early declines in muscle growth stimulus and increased inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12064,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":"51 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}