European Journal of Sport Science最新文献

{"title":"Demands of professional female cycling races: Influence race level and race duration (single or multi-day events).","authors":"Teun van Erp,&nbsp;Robert P Lamberts","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2111277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2111277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is governed by two aims: firstly, expanding the meagre knowledge store regarding the demands set by professional female road cycling and, secondly, ascertaining whether these demands vary in relation to different race-levels and race duration (single- or multi-day events). A total of 1349 female professional road races was analysed and demands (intensity, load and performance) were determined. Races were classified based on race level (i.e. Women's World Tour [WWT], level.1 and level.2 according to the International Cycling Federation) and race duration (single- or multi-day events). Differences were assessed with a multilevel random intercept model whilst the strength of said differences were indicated by Cohen's <i>d</i> (0-0.19 trivial; 0.20-0.59 small; 0.60-1.1.9 moderate; 1.20-1.99 large; ≥2.00 very large). In general, no <i>moderate</i> differences for load and intensity were noted for the different race levels. This result contrasts with data obtained from male road cycling. <i>Moderate</i> higher 3 and 5 min maximal mean power (MMP) values were noted in the WWT compared to Level.2 races. More substantial differences were found to exist between single- and multi-day races with single-day races presenting <i>small</i> to <i>large</i> higher load and intensity values. In addition, single-day races presented higher MMPs overall durations (5 s-60 min) although these differences can be rated <i>trivial</i> to <i>small</i>. This study contributes to the limited knowledge store describing demands in professional female cycling. The reported data provide valuable insights which may aid practitioners and/or coaches in preparing female professional cyclists for races.<b>Highlights</b>Within female professional cycling, some differences were noted in the demands (load, intensity and performances) set by different race levels. However, (in general), these differences were <i>trivial</i> to <i>small</i>, which contrasts with male professional cycling.More pronounced differences were noted in the demands set by single- and multi-day races. The load (Work done, eTRIMP and TSS) was <i>moderate</i> to <i>large</i> higher in single-day races. Differences in load are primarily caused by a combination of <i>small</i> higher duration and <i>small</i> higher intensity.No <i>moderate</i> differences in performance measures (i.e MMPs) were noted for different race levels or between single- and multi-day races.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-intensity swimming with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases VO₂peak: A randomized controlled trial using Bayesian informative prior distribution.","authors":"Steffen Held,&nbsp;Ludwig Rappelt,&nbsp;Jan-Philip Deutsch,&nbsp;Robert Rein,&nbsp;Tim Wiedenmann,&nbsp;Anton Schiffer,&nbsp;Andreas Bieder,&nbsp;Ilka Staub,&nbsp;Lars Donath","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2180671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2023.2180671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) and speed at first (LT1, minimal lactate equivalent) and second lactate threshold (LT2 = LT1 +1.5 mmol·L^-1) are crucial swimming performance surrogates. The present randomized controlled study investigated the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) during low-intensity swimming (LiT) on VO₂peak, LT1, and LT2. Eighteen male swimmers (22.7 ±3.0 yrs; 69.9 ±8.5 kg; 1.8 ±0.1 m) were either assigned to the BFR or control (noBFR) group. While BFR was applied during LiT, noBFR completed the identical LIT without BFR application. BFR of the upper limb was applied via customized pneumatic cuffs (75% of occlusion pressure: 135 ±10 mmHg; 8 cm cuff width). BFR training took place three times a week over 5 weeks (accumulated weekly net BFR training: 60 min·week^-1; occlusion per session: 2-times 10 min·session^-1) and was used exclusively at low intensities. VO₂peak, LT1, and LT2 diagnostics were employed. Bayesian credible intervals revealed notable VO₂peak improvements by +0.29 L·min^-1 kg^-1 (95% credible interval: -0.26 to +0.85 L·min^-1 kg^-1) when comparing BFR vs. noBFR. Speed at LT1 -0.01 m·s^-1 (-0.04 to +0.02 m·s^-1) and LT2 -0.01 m·s^-1 (-0.03 to +0.02 m·s^-1) did not change meaningfully when BFR was employed. Fifteen sessions of LIT swimming (macrocycle of 5 h over 5 weeks) with a weekly volume of 60 min with BFR application adds additional impact on VO₂peak improvement compared to noBFR LIT swimming. Occasional BFR applications should be considered as a promising means to improve relevant performance surrogates in trained swimmers.<b>Highlights</b>Low-intensity swimming with blood flow restricted (BFR) induced superior peak oxygen consumption adaptations compared to non-restricted swimming training over a 5-week lasting training periodBFR and non-BFR swimming training-induced similar adaptations regarding swimming speed at first and second lactate thresholdIn conclusion, BFR served as a feasible, promising and beneficial complementary training stimuli to traditional swimming training regarding oxygen consumption adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and stress echocardiography in the prediction of all-cause mortality in adults with end-stage renal disease.","authors":"J M O'Driscoll,&nbsp;J J Edwards,&nbsp;E Greenhough,&nbsp;E Smith,&nbsp;M May,&nbsp;S Gupta,&nbsp;A Marciniak,&nbsp;R Sharma","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2184727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2023.2184727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to assess the prognostic utility of different parameters routinely assessed from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise echocardiography in adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Forty-two ESRD (37 male) individuals (age: 58 ± 13 years, height: 169.30 ± 8.30 cm, weight: 81 ± 15 kg, body surface area: 1.92 ± 0.20 m²) underwent a maximal/symptom limited CPET, with a full cross-sectional echocardiogram performed at baseline and peak exercise. All participants were prospectively followed over a 10-year period, with all-cause mortality as the primary endpoint. After the follow-up period, a total of 19 participants (45%) died. Left atrial size (4.70 ± 0.70 vs. 3.65 ± 0.50 cm, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and anteroseptal wall thickness (1.28 ± 0.40 vs. 1.06 ± 0.02 cm, <i>P</i> = 0.002) were significantly greater in those that died, while peak heart rate was significantly lower (108 ± 12 vs. 128 ± 14 bpm, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of myocardial ischaemia (13 vs. 8 participants, <i>P</i> = 0.03) was significantly greater, while peak VO₂ (9.80 ± 2.10 vs. 15.90 ± 4.30 ml·kg^-1·min^-1, <i>P</i> < 0.001) was significantly lower in those that died. Following multivariate cox regression, myocardial ischaemia (Hazard Ratio 3.08; 95% Confidence Interval 1.09-8.70; <i>P</i> = 0.03) and peak VO₂ (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.64-0.84; <i>P</i> < 0.001) were significant independent predictors of 10-year all-cause mortality. This is the first study to establish peak VO₂ as powerful marker of all-cause mortality when assessed with clinical, resting and stress echocardiography parameters in people with ESRD over a 10-year follow up period. This observation indicates that, in clinical practice, CPET and exercise echocardiography may serve as valuable tools for the risk stratification of individuals with ESRD.<b>Highlights</b>We aimed to assess the prognostic utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise echocardiography in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with 10-year mortality.Peak aerobic capacity and the presence of ischaemic heart disease were independently associated with all-cause mortality.This observation indicates that, in clinical practice, CPET and exercise echocardiography may serve as valuable tools for the risk stratification of individuals with end-stage renal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10299284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of exercise intensity and hypoxic exposure on physiological, perceptual and biomechanical responses to treadmill running.","authors":"Chris Chow Li Tee,&nbsp;Mee Chee Chong,&nbsp;Viswanath Sundar,&nbsp;Chuen Leang Chok,&nbsp;Mohd Rizal Md Razali,&nbsp;Wee Kian Yeo,&nbsp;Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2109066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2109066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute physiological, perceptual and biomechanical consequences of manipulating both exercise intensity and hypoxic exposure during treadmill running were determined. On separate days, eleven trained individuals ran for 45 s (separated by 135 s of rest) on an instrumented treadmill at seven running speeds (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 km.h^-1) in normoxia (NM, FiO₂ = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (MH, FiO₂ = 16.1%), high hypoxia (HH, FiO₂ = 14.1%) and severe hypoxia (SH, FiO₂ = 13.0%). Running mechanics were collected over 20 consecutive steps (i.e. after running ∼25 s), with concurrent assessment of physiological (heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation) and perceptual (overall perceived discomfort, difficulty breathing and leg discomfort) responses. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (seven speeds × four conditions) were used. There was a speed × condition interaction for heart rate (<i>p</i> = 0.045, ηp²=0.22), with lower values in NM, MH and HH compared to SH at 8 km.h^-1 (125 ± 12, 125 ± 11, 128 ± 12 vs 132 ± 10 b.min^-1). Overall perceived discomfort (8 and 16 km.h^-1; <i>p</i> = 0.019 and <i>p</i> = 0.007, ηp²= 0.21, respectively) and perceived difficulty breathing (all speeds; <i>p</i> = 0.023, ηp²= 0.37) were greater in SH compared to MH, whereas leg discomfort was not influenced by hypoxic exposure. Minimal difference was observed in the twelve kinetics/kinematics variables with hypoxia (<i>p</i> > 0.122; η_p²= 0.19). Running at slower speeds in combination with severe hypoxia elevates physiological and perceptual responses without a corresponding increase in ground reaction forces.<b>Highlights</b> The extent to which manipulating hypoxia severity (between normoxia and severe hypoxia) and running speed (from 8 to 20 km.h^-1) influence acute physiological and perceptual responses, as well as kinetic and kinematic adjustments during treadmill running was determined.Running at slower speeds in combination with severe hypoxia elevates heart rate, while this effect was not apparent at faster speeds.Arterial oxygen saturation was increasingly lower as running speed and hypoxic severity increased.Overall perceived discomfort (8 and 16 km.h^-1) and perceived difficulty breathing (all speeds) were lower in moderate hypoxia than in severe hypoxia, whereas leg discomfort remained unchanged with hypoxic exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9939076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical loading prediction through accelerometry data during walking and running.","authors":"Lucas Veras,&nbsp;Florêncio Diniz-Sousa,&nbsp;Giorjines Boppre,&nbsp;Edgar Moutinho-Ribeiro,&nbsp;Ana Resende-Coelho,&nbsp;Vítor Devezas,&nbsp;Hugo Santos-Sousa,&nbsp;John Preto,&nbsp;João Paulo Vilas-Boas,&nbsp;Leandro Machado,&nbsp;José Oliveira,&nbsp;Hélder Fonseca","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2102437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2102437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is no way to assess mechanical loading variables such as peak ground reaction forces (pGRF) and peak loading rate (pLR) in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to develop accelerometry-based equations to predict both pGRF and pLR during walking and running. One hundred and thirty one subjects (79 females; 76.9 ± 19.6 kg) walked and ran at different speeds (2-14 km·h^-1) on a force plate-instrumented treadmill while wearing accelerometers at their ankle, lower back and hip. Regression equations were developed to predict pGRF and pLR from accelerometry data. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to calculate prediction accuracy and Bland-Altman plots. Our pGRF prediction equation was compared with a reference equation previously published. Body mass and peak acceleration were included for pGRF prediction and body mass and peak acceleration rate for pLR prediction. All pGRF equation coefficients of determination were above 0.96, and a good agreement between actual and predicted pGRF was observed, with a mean absolute percent error (MAPE) below 7.3%. Accuracy indices from our equations were better than previously developed equations. All pLR prediction equations presented a lower accuracy compared to those developed to predict pGRF. Walking and running pGRF can be predicted with high accuracy by accelerometry-based equations, representing an easy way to determine mechanical loading in free-living conditions. The pLR prediction equations yielded a somewhat lower prediction accuracy compared with the pGRF equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time reallocation of physical behaviours induced by endurance exercise in physically active individuals.","authors":"Thomas Hayes-Ortiz,&nbsp;Mónica Suárez-Reyes,&nbsp;Jose E Galgani,&nbsp;Hermann Zbinden-Foncea,&nbsp;Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2193944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2023.2193944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through exercise requires reallocating time from other physical behaviour(s). We aimed to determine the reallocations induced by endurance exercise in physically active individuals. We also searched for behavioural compensatory responses, and explored the effect of exercise on daily energy expenditure. Fourteen participants (8 women; median age 37.8 [IQR 29.9-48.5] yr) exercised on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings (cycling MVPA, 65 min/session; \"exercise days\"), and avoided exercising on Tuesday and Thursday (\"rest days\"). Time spent on sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity physical activity, and MVPA was determined each day by accelerometers and logs. An energy expenditure index was computed considering minutes spent on each behaviour and fixed metabolic equivalents. We found that all participants had lower sleep and higher total (including exercise) MVPA on exercise days compared to rest days. Thus, on exercise vs. rest days, sleep was lower (490 [453-553] vs. 553 [497-599] min/day, respectively, <i>P </i>< 0.001), and total MVPA was higher (86 [80-101] vs. 23 [15-45] min/day, respectively; <i>P </i>< 0.001). No differences in other physical behaviours were detected. Notably, exercise not only induced reallocations (i.e. less time in other behaviours) but also behavioural compensatory responses in some participants (e.g. increased sedentary behaviour). This rearrangement of physical behaviours manifested in exercise-induced increases in energy expenditure from 96 to 232 MET × min/day. In conclusion, active individuals reallocated time from sleep to accommodate morning exercise. Yet exercise induced variable rearrangements of behaviours, with some individuals manifesting compensatory responses. Understanding individual rearrangements may help improve exercise interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a 40-week football and Zumba exercise intervention influence self-reported job satisfaction, work role functioning and sick leave among female hospital employees? A cluster-randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Svein Barene,&nbsp;Peter Krustrup,&nbsp;Andreas Holtermann","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2139634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2139634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This 40-week cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT) examines the effects of football and Zumba on self-perceived job satisfaction, work role functioning and sick leave among Norwegian female hospital employees. Hundred-and-seven employees, mainly consisting of nurses (80%), were allocated into three groups; Football (FG), Zumba (ZG) and Control (CG). The exercise groups were offered two to three and one to two 1-h weekly sessions during the first 12 and last 28 weeks, respectively, with an actual weekly exercise frequency of 2.4 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2 in FG and 2.3 ± 0.3 and 0.8 ± 0.2 in ZG. Outcome variables were measured at baseline, 12 and 40 weeks. In comparison to CG (4.8 days 95% CI 3.2-6.4), ZG (1.9 days, 95% CI 0.4-3.5) had a significant lower overall mean days of sickness absence during last sick leave period (-2.9 days, 95% CI -5.1 to -0.7, <i>p</i> = .011) which corresponded to a moderate effect size (<i>d</i> = 0.60). Between baseline (88.5%, 95% CI 84.3-92.6) and 12 weeks (93.8%, 95% CI 89.4-98.2), ZG showed significant within-group improvement in total score of the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) (5.3%, 95% CI 0.6-10.1, <i>p</i> = .029), corresponding to a moderate effect size (<i>d</i> = 0.40). This study indicates that two to three 1-h weekly Zumba sessions can have a preventive effect on sick leave in female hospital employees.<b>Highlights</b>Participants in Zumba exercise organised by the workplace showed a significant lower number of sick leave days compared with the controls.Despite a correspondingly significant reduction in exercise adherence in both groups in the last 28 weeks, only FG showed tendencies for group improvement in job satisfaction and total WRFQ in this period.Workplace promotion of exercise and physical activity can thus be beneficial for both the workers and the organisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multicomponent training and detraining on the fitness of older adults with or at risk of frailty: results of a 10-month quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Ángel Iván Fernández-García,&nbsp;Alba Gómez-Cabello,&nbsp;Alejandro Gómez-Bruton,&nbsp;Ana Moradell,&nbsp;David Navarrete-Villanueva,&nbsp;Jorge Pérez-Gómez,&nbsp;Marcela González-Gross,&nbsp;Ignacio Ara,&nbsp;José A Casajús,&nbsp;Germán Vicente-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2104657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2104657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the effects of a 6-month multicomponent training (MCT) on the physical fitness of older adults with or at risk of frailty; (2) to study the consequences of a 4-month detraining period; (3) to analyse the influence of frailty status on the training and detraining adaptations. A total of 102 robust, frail and prefrail older adults (80.1 ± 6.1 y) were divided into an intervention (TRAIN) and control group (CON). The TRAIN performed a 6-month MCT, while the CON continued with their usual lifestyle. Fitness assessment was mainly based on the Senior Fitness Test. Four evaluations were carried out; at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 10 months from baseline. Linear mixed models were performed to analyse group by time interactions and to compare differences in changes within groups between different time points. After 6-month MCT, TRAIN showed greater improvements for all fitness variables (group effects <i>p</i> < 0.05, except for flexibility) when compared to the CON. During the 4-month detraining period, TRAIN significantly decreased their balance, upper-limb flexibility and upper and lower-limb strength (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). CON only decreased upper-limb flexibility. When accounting for frailty status in the TRAIN, the frail-prefrail showed lower adaptations to the training and were more affected by detraining than the robust. The presented MCT is a good strategy to improve fitness in this population, but its positive effects are limited in time. It is, therefore, critical to avoid detraining periods.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03831841.<b>Highlights</b>Our 6-month MCT-program improves the physical fitness of robust, frail and prefrail older adultsA detraining period of four months partially deteriorates the physical fitness of robust, frail and prefrail older adults, so it is recommended to promote ongoing exercise programs or smaller break periodsIt seems that those older adults with a more advanced frailty status may not benefit from exercise to the same degree and will be more affected by detraining. Therefore, trainers may need to individualize training protocols to obtain the greatest exercise benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10006126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of mental fatigue and sport specific film sessions on basketball shooting tasks.","authors":"Bryce D Daub,&nbsp;Blake D McLean,&nbsp;Aaron D Heishman,&nbsp;Keldon M Peak,&nbsp;Aaron J Coutts","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2161421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2161421","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of mental fatigue on basketball specific shooting performance, utilising the newly developed basketball Standardized Shooting Task (SST). Methods Fifteen male elite NCAA Division 1 collegiate basketball players (Age 20.2 ± 1.2 y, height 199.3 ± 7.1 cm, body mass 93.1 ± 8.6 kg) volunteered to participate in a randomised, counterbalanced crossover design undergoing three conditions (Control, Stroop, and Film). The task, performed on three consecutive days, was comprised of 60 free throw attempts followed by a 4-minute spot-to-spot shooting. Results Visual Analog Scales revealed significantly higher levels of mental fatigue following the Stroop (54.2 ± 24.5) condition compared to the Control (24.5 ± 16.2) and higher levels of mental effort in the Stroop (61.0 ± 31.3) and Film (49.9 ± 27.7) compared to the Control (14.0 ± 18.5). No significant differences were observed for Motivation among groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant decrease (p = 0.006) in number of shots made in 4-minutes (MAKE4MIN; control = 49.5 ± 10.2, Stroop = 44.0 ± 10.6, and Film = 45.1 ± 11.7) and shots missed in 4-minutes (MISS4MIN; control = 27.3 ± 7.0, Stroop = 30.9 ± 7.1, and Film = 30.9 ± 7.6). No significant differences were detected for any other performance variables. Conclusion These data demonstrate that mental fatigue negatively impacts basketball shooting performance in elite collegiate basketball players. We suggest that practitioners and coaches encourage athletes to abstain from cognitively demanding tasks prior to basketball competition. HIGHLIGHTS Basketball shooting performance was significantly reduced following acutely increased levels of mental fatigue. This study provides novel preliminary evidence that a sport-specific Film session of 30-minutes in duration (or longer) requires a large amount of mental effort and may also have a detrimental effect on subsequent basketball shooting performance The outcomes of this study suggest that practitioners and coaches should encourage elite collegiate basketball players to abstain from potential cognitively demanding tasks prior to practice and games when shooting performance is required.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10008552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of individual characteristics and aerobic training on the %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationship.","authors":"Carlo Ferri Marini,&nbsp;Davide Sisti,&nbsp;James S Skinner,&nbsp;Mark A Sarzynski,&nbsp;Claude Bouchard,&nbsp;Stefano Amatori,&nbsp;Marco B L Rocchi,&nbsp;Giovanni Piccoli,&nbsp;Vilberto Stocchi,&nbsp;Ario Federici,&nbsp;Francesco Lucertini","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2113441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2113441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess if, during incremental exercise, considering individual characteristics can make the relationship between the percentages of heart rate (HRR) and oxygen uptake (<i>V̇</i>O₂R) reserve either 1:1 or more accurate. Cycle ergometer data of the maximal incremental exercise tests performed by 450 healthy and sedentary participants (17-66 years) of the HERITAGE Family Study, grouped for sex, ethnicity, age, body fat, resting HR, and <i>V̇</i>O_2max, were used to calculate the individual linear regressions between %HRR and %<i>V̇</i>O₂R. The mean slope and intercept of the individual linear regressions of each subgroup were compared with 1 and 0 (identity line), respectively, using Hotelling tests followed by post-hoc one-sample <i>t</i>-tests. Two multiple linear regressions were also performed, using either the slopes or intercepts of the individual linear regressions as dependent variables and sex, age, resting HR, and <i>V̇</i>O_2max as independent variables. The mean %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationships of all subgroups differed from the identity line. Moreover, individual linear regression intercepts (8.9 ± 16.0) and slopes (0.971 ± 0.190) changed (<i>p </i>< 0.001) after 20 weeks of aerobic training (13.1 ± 11.1 and 0.891 ± 0.122). The multiple linear regressions could explain only 3.8% and 1.3% of the variance in the intercepts and slopes, whose variability remained high (standard error of estimate of 15.8 and 0.189). In conclusion, the %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationship differs from the identity line regardless of individual characteristics and their difference increased after aerobic training. Moreover, due to the high interindividual variability, using a single equation for the whole population seems not suitable for representing the %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationship of a given subject, even when several individual characteristics are considered.<b>Highlights</b>The association between %HRR and %<i>V̇</i>O₂R is not 1:1 even when individuals are grouped by age, sex, ethnicity, body composition, HR_rest, and <i>V̇</i>O_2max.Using several subject characteristics to identify the individual's %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationship does not meaningfully increase its prediction accuracy or reduce the interindividual variability of %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationshipsUsing a single equation for the whole population is not suitable for representing the relationship of a given subject; hence, individual relationships should be preferred when prescribing the intensity of aerobic exercise.The individual %HRR-%<i>V̇</i>O₂R relationship should be periodically assessed due to the potential training induced changes in the relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10316959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}