European Journal of Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of efficacy of four Cinnamomum species extracts and cinnamaldehyde to control anthracnose of mango fruit","authors":"Wiphawee Leesutthiphonchai, Onuma Piasai, Srunya Vajrodaya, Sarinna Umrung, Johann Schinnerl, Siegrid Steinkellner, Netnapis Khewkhom","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02897-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02897-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthracnose of mango is one of the major postharvest diseases of mango fruit caused by members of the <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> species complex such as <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i>. Crude extracts from dry trunk bark of four <i>Cinnamomum</i> species (<i>C. burmanni</i>, <i>C. iners</i>, <i>C. loureiroi</i>, and <i>C. verum</i>), a commercial cinnamon powder, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and cinnamon oil were assayed for their antifungal activity against <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i>. The crude extract of <i>C. verum</i> at 500 mg L⁻¹ showed the highest inhibition of mycelial growth. At a concentration above 10 g L⁻¹ cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and cinnamon oil showed 100% mycelial inhibition. Using the microdilution assay, <i>C</i>. <i>burmanni</i> and <i>C. verum</i> crude extracts were effective against <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i> spore germination and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 625 mg L⁻¹ while the MIC value of cinnamaldehyde was 50 mg L⁻¹. The direct bioautography of the <i>C. verum</i> extract and the fractions obtained by column chromatography over silica gel against <i>Cladosporium herbarum</i> revealed clear inhibition zones on TLC plates. The treatment of <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i> spores with this active fraction led to severe membrane damage which was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Comparative HPLC analyses of the <i>Cinnamomum</i> extracts and the active fraction of <i>C. verum</i>, cinnamon power, and the cinnamaldehyde and eugenol as standards indicated cinnamaldehyde as the major compound. The <i>C. verum</i> fraction reduced disease severity and disease incidence on inoculated mango fruit. Moreover, uninoculated mango dipped into <i>C</i>. <i>burmanni</i> and <i>C. verum</i> extracts reduced the naturally occurring disease while total soluble solid, titratable acidity, and weight loss of dipped mango were insignificantly different from the untreated fruit control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"323 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative proteomic analysis provides insight into the key proteins involved in novel stem-physical-strength-mediated resistance (SPSMR) mechanism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassicaceae","authors":"Manjeet Singh, Ram Avtar, Nita Lakra, Neeraj Kumar, Mahavir Bishnoi, Rakesh Punia, Raju Ram Choudhary, Nisha Kumari, Naresh Naresh, Ankit Dhillon","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02903-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02903-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> stands out as the most destructive pathogen affecting oilseed Brassica crops. Our study unveils the proteomic basis of a novel resistance mechanism, termed \"Stem-Physical-Strength-Mediated-Resistance (SPSMR),\" against <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> in <i>Brassicaceae</i> through a comparative proteomic analysis. Field assessments highlight significant differences in stem-physical strength attributes between the resistant (R) and susceptible (S) genotypes, emphasizing the importance of SPSMR. Field evaluation revealed that the resistant genotype <i>S. alba SA1</i> demonstrates significantly (P ≤ 0.01) superior stem traits at various time points post-inoculation as compared to susceptible genotypes. Pearson's correlation analysis establishes significant associations between lesion length and stem attributes, with stem breaking strength emerging as a key contributor to resistance. Proteomic profiling at different infection stages reveals temporal dynamics, showcasing the resistant genotype's robust and adaptive defense response. KEGG enrichment analysis underscores the significance of phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) in resistant and susceptible genotypes revealed intricate expression profiles, particularly in lignin biosynthesis. Proteins associated with cell wall fortification, especially in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, exhibit nuanced expression profiles. Specific proteins, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, shikimate dehydrogenase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 5, and peroxidase, show significantly higher expression in the resistant genotype across infection stages. Additionally, proteins involved in plant-pathogen, intracellular pH regulation, and antioxidant defense exhibit differential expression, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the complex regulatory network during <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> infection. This research not only enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance but also underscores the varied strategies utilized by <i>Brassicaceae</i> to combat pathogenic intrusion, emphasizing the potential for developing resistant cultivars against <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathotypic diversity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and stringent evaluation of resistance lines of Rice in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Latif, Lutfur Rahman, Nazmul Islam, Md. Omar Kayess, Md. Mamunur Rashid, Md. Al-Imran Hasan, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02900-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02900-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000<i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (<i>Xoo</i>) poses a major risk to worldwide rice cultivation due to its ability to cause bacterial blight (BB). Identifying the <i>Xoo</i> race patterns, and using resistant genes specific to a particular race is a promising strategy to develop varieties with durable resistance. In the present research, 300 <i>Xoo</i> isolates were confirmed and purified from 40 rice-producing areas of Bangladesh to determine the existing races/pathotypes of <i>Xoo</i>. The sensitive rice varieties IR24, BRRI dhan49, and Purbachi showed susceptible reactions against the tested isolates. Fourteen monogenic differentials and 18 pyramid lines were challenged against 300 isolates of <i>Xoo</i>. Bacterial blight resistance genes <i>Xa1</i>, <i>Xa2</i>, <i>Xa3</i>, <i>Xa4</i>, <i>xa5</i>, <i>Xa7</i>, <i>xa8</i>, <i>Xa10</i>, <i>Xa11</i>, <i>xa13</i>, <i>Xa14</i>, <i>Xa21</i>, <i>Xa23</i>, and <i>Xa27</i> were found in each monogenic differential. By analyzing patterns of the reaction of 300 <i>Xoo</i> isolates on monogenic differentials, 13 pathotypes/races were determined. The effectiveness of the host plant <i>R</i> genes <i>Xa4</i>, <i>xa5</i>, <i>Xa7</i>, <i>xa8</i>, <i>Xa10</i>, <i>xa13</i>, <i>Xa14</i>, <i>Xa21</i>, and <i>Xa27</i> against bacterial blight has been determined by analyzing frequency resistances and the responses of near isogenic and pyramid lines. Races 1, 3, and 6 were dominantly widespread across the country and were regarded as important races since they had the greatest number of isolates (25%, 23.33%, and 9.67% respectively). Race 2 was the most ubiquitous among the pathotypes, whereas Race 3 was the most virulent, having circumvented every evaluated resistance gene. The bacterial-blight resistant <i>R</i> genes <i>Xa21</i> and <i>Xa27</i> have shown resistance against eight and ten races out of thirteen different races, respectively (i.e., 54.7 and 44.3% of the isolates tested). In the evaluation of 50 pyramid lines against the 5 most virulent races, the combinations of <i>Xa4, Xa7, xa13,</i> and <i>Xa21</i> or the combinations of <i>Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13,</i> and <i>Xa21</i> genes were effective. At present, the suitable and effective <i>R</i> genes i.e., <i>xa5</i>, <i>Xa7</i>, <i>xa8</i>, <i>xa13</i>, <i>Xa21</i>, <i>Xa23,</i> and <i>Xa27</i> could be utilized for the development of a durable BB-resistant variety in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopeptides from Bacillus tequilensis EA-CB0015 and cinnamon extract decrease the bioenergetic response of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense","authors":"Julieta M. Ramírez-Mejía, Valeska Villegas-Escobar, Luis A. Gómez","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02882-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02882-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lipopeptides (LPs) from <i>B. tequilensis</i> EA-CB0015 have antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i> species. Specifically, against <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> (<i>Foc</i>)<i>,</i> the cause of <i>Fusarium</i> wilt of banana. Cinnamon (CN) extract is also known for its inhibitory activity against the <i>Fusarium</i> genus. The main goal of this research was to determine whether the effect of LPs and CN extract or their combination against a <i>Foc</i> isolate is related to an impairment of mitochondrial function. Our results show that biomass decreased by 74% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and 84% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) when cultures were treated with 128 ppm LPs and 152.5 ppm CN extract, respectively. In parallel, we found a pronounced impairment of the bioenergetic response. That is, the routine oxygen consumption rate diminished by 55% (<i>p</i> = 0.0148) and 38% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), respectively. Moreover, the ATP-linked respiratory rate decreased by 63% (<i>p</i> = 0.0461) and 44% (<i>p</i> = 0.0005), while the FCCP-simulated respiratory rate by 63% (<i>p</i> = 0.0255) and 45% (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Therefore, our data suggest that the altered bioenergetic response observed in cultures of <i>Foc</i> treated with LPs or CN is mainly caused by an impairment of the activity of the respiratory complexes. On the other hand, biomass production was reduced by 80% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) when cultures were treated with a mixture comprising only 10% LPs and 40% CN extract. Furthermore, ATP-linked and FCCP-stimulated respiratory rates decreased by 62% (<i>p</i> = 0.0024) and 68% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), respectively under the same conditions. A potentially synergistic antifungal effect of cyclic LPs with a CN extract is suggested.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of blast disease in KDML105 rice by root-associated bacteria","authors":"Arlita Chaowanaprasert, Lalita Thanwisai, Wilailak Siripornadulsil, Surasak Siripornadulsil","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02901-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02901-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> is a serious disease affecting rice. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize, and identify chitinase-producing bacteria from the root-adhering soil and from the root surface and interior of two rice varieties, Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) and glutinous rice (RD6). In addition, their potential for promoting plant growth and inhibiting fungal pathogens was investigated in KDML105 rice seedlings. Among the 188 chitinase-producing bacteria screened, sixteen root-associated isolates showed plant growth-promoting traits and effectively inhibited <i>P. oryzae in vitro.</i> The plant growth-promoting activities included nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indole acetic acid production. The effects of root-associated bacteria at 5 × 10⁹ CFU/isolate on the survival of rice plants challenged by spraying the leaves with a suspension of 10⁶ conidia of <i>P. oryzae</i> were investigated <i>in vivo</i>. Among the 16 tested isolates, colonization of KDML105 rice plants by the R-RD6-NP7 and R-RD6-NP19 isolates resulted in 86.67% to 83.33% and 98.33% to 96.67% survival of rice seedlings, respectively, at 7 to 45 days after fungal inoculation (DAI). In the pot–tray experiment, dead rice seedlings were first observed at 10 DAI, and at 30 DAI the survival of the R-RD6-NP7- and R-RD6-NP19-inoculated rice plants reached 97.67% and 99.33%, respectively. Spot inoculation of R-RD6-NP19 (identified as <i>Kosakonia oryziphila</i>) culture was performed on <i>P. oryzae</i> conidia on fresh rice leaves, and no symptoms of disease were observed. <i>K. oryziphila</i> NP19 is a root-associated and plant growth-promoting bacterium capable of colonizing rice plants and inhibiting rice blast fungal pathogens in the economical KDML105 rice variety. Therefore, this strain can be used as a bioinoculant to control rice blast disease in contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Phytophthora diversity unveiled in tree nurseries of the Czech Republic with traditional and metabarcoding techniques","authors":"Aneta Bačová, David E. L. Cooke, Ivan Milenković, Tomáš Májek, Zoltán Á. Nagy, Tamara Corcobado, Eva Randall, Beatrix Keillor, Peter J. A. Cock, Marília Horta Jung, Thomas Jung, Michal Tomšovský","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02886-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02886-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000<i>Phytophthora</i> diversity was examined in eight forest and ornamental nurseries in the Czech Republic. A leaf baiting isolation technique and, in two nurseries, also Illumina DNA metabarcoding were used to reveal the diversity of <i>Phytophthora</i> in soil and irrigation water and compare the efficacy of both approaches. In total, baiting revealed the occurrence of 12 <i>Phytophthora</i> taxa in 59.4% of soil samples from seven (87.5%) nurseries. Additional baiting of compost was carried out in two nurseries and two <i>Phytophthora</i> species were recovered. Irrigation water was examined in three nurseries by baiting or by direct isolation from partially decomposed floating leaves collected from the water source, and two <i>Phytophthora</i> species were obtained. Illumina sequencing of soil and water samples was done in two and one nurseries, respectively. <i>Phytophthora</i> reads were identified as 45 <i>Phytophthora</i> taxa, 15 of them previously unknown taxa from Clades 6, 7, 8 and 9. Another 11 taxa belonged to known or undescribed species of the oomycete genera <i>Globisporangium</i>, <i>Hyaloperonospora</i>, <i>Nothophytophthora</i>, <i>Peronospora</i> and <i>Plasmopara</i>. Overall, with both techniques 50 <i>Phytophthora</i> taxa were detected with five taxa (<i>P.</i> taxon <i>organica, P. plurivora, P. rosacearum, P. syringae</i> and <i>P. transitoria</i>) being exclusively detected by baiting and 38 only by DNA metabarcoding. Particularly common records in DNA barcoding were <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and <i>P. lateralis</i> which were not isolated by baiting. Only seven species were detected by both techniques. It is recommended to use the combination of both techniques to determine true diversity of <i>Phytophthora</i> in managed or natural ecosystems and reveal the presence of rare or unknown <i>Phytophthora</i> taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial species causing leaf and fruit spots and stem lesions of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Iran","authors":"Saeed Akrami, Nargues Falahi Charkhabi, Gholam Khodakaramian, Pejman Khodaygan, Farid Beiki, Esmaeil Basavand","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02890-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02890-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) is one of the most economically important and widely cultivated fruit crops worldwide. In the summers of 2018 and 2019, a new disease of grapevine was observed in vineyards of Bojnurd (North Khorasan province) and Gorgan (Golestan province) in Iran. The affected grapevines displayed cankerous lesions on the stems, sunken spots on the fruit, and irregular, dark-brown spots surrounded by a yellow halo on the leaves. A total of 40 infected samples yielded 45 bacterial isolates, which revealed two distinct groups: 18 isolates with creamy colonies and 27 isolates with yellow colonies. Based on the colony morphology, phenotypic and pathogenicity features, as well as analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes sequences the isolated strains were identified as <i>Pseudomonas viridiflava</i> and <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>. To confirm the disease-causing ability of the isolates, grapevine seedlings and detached fruits were inoculated. The isolates reproduced the symptoms and were re-isolated from the inoculated plants, thus proving their pathogenicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide of the occurrence of leaf and fruit spots and stem lesions of grapevine caused by <i>P. viridiflava</i> and <i>P. agglomerans.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for evaluating the value of agricultural pest management decision support systems","authors":"Joseph C. Helps, Frank van den Bosch, Neil Paveley, Lise Nistrup Jørgensen, Niels Holst, Alice E. Milne","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02878-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02878-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disease management decision support systems (DSS) are typically prediction algorithms that help farmers assess the risk of an epidemic, to guide whether, and to what extent, fungicide treatment is needed. However, there is frequently little information presented to quantify the value of using the DSS, i.e. the likely increased profit or reduced impact to the environment, and the risks of failing to control the pest. Validation of DSS is often limited to a small number of sites and seasons, as extensive field testing is prohibitively expensive. It would therefore be beneficial to have a method to estimate the value of a DSS using existing data sets gathered for other purposes.</p><p>We present a theoretical framework for evaluating the value of DSS, and then describe how this can be applied in practice using four case studies of contrasting DSS under different data constraints. The four case studies include DSS that guide (i) the total dose of pesticide applied; (ii) the number of sprays required; (iii) the timing of the first fungicide application in a spray programme; and (iv) infection risk alerts. We demonstrate how our theoretical framework can be used to evaluate DSS, using existing field and literature data to infer the benefits and risks associated with their use. The limitations of using existing data are explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato leaf infection caused by Colletotrichum coccodes and C. nigrum","authors":"Jiang Chang, Pedro W. Crous, Peter K. Ades, Weixia Wang, Fang Liu, Ulrike Damm, Niloofar Vaghefi, Paul W. J. Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02891-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02891-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Colletotrichum coccodes</i> is an important pathogen of potatoes. Recently, the closely related <i>C. nigrum</i> has been reported as an important pathogen of solanaceous crops but not as a pathogen of potato. This study confirms <i>C. coccodes</i> as the most prevalent <i>Colletotrichum</i> species infecting foliar and tuber tissue of potatoes in Australia and the USA. In addition, three isolates from the USA, previously identified as <i>C. coccodes,</i> were re-identified as <i>C. nigrum</i>. The gene loci <i>TUB2</i>, <i>ACT</i>, <i>GAPDH</i>, <i>CHS-1</i> or <i>HIS3</i> were all suitable for differentiating <i>C. nigrum</i> from <i>C. coccodes</i>. Australian and USA tuber and foliar isolates of <i>C. coccodes</i> and <i>C. nigrum</i> had similar pathogenicity on detached potato leaves. This is the first report of <i>C. nigrum</i> as a pathogen of potato. Moreover, the recently described <i>C. dianense</i> was revealed to be a synonym of <i>C. nigrum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gum Arabic-incorporated thymol/salicylic acid composite coatings control grey mould and brown rot in ‘Angeleno’ plums","authors":"N. Jenneker, Y. Silué, J. C. Julia Meitz-Hopkins, C. L. Lennox, U. L. Opara, O.A. Fawole","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02888-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02888-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the antifungal efficacy of salicylic acid and thymol against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Monilinia laxa</i>, the main pathogens affecting stone fruit in South Africa. Antifungal properties of thymol and salicylic acid and their influence on the shelf life of “Angeleno” plums were investigated. Gum Arabic composite coatings infused with salicylic acid and thymol were further investigated, with fludioxonil as a positive control. In vitro<i>,</i> results showed complete inhibition (100%) of <i>M. laxa</i> and <i>B. cinerea</i> by thymol at 0.25 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Salicylic acid did not achieve complete pathogen inhibition The highest inhibition percentage, 38%, was recorded at 2 mM. In vivo assessments showed that while fludioxonil was highly effective, Gum Arabic coatings containing 2 mM and 4 mM salicylic acid closely matched its performance in decay prevention, reducing decay rates to 8%. Furthermore, Gum Arabic coatings significantly reduced shrivel incidence and maintained firmness of the plums over a 15 d shelf-life period. This study highlights thymol as a potent antimicrobial agent, especially against grey mould and brown rot in plums, while incorporating salicylic acid into GA coatings effectively reduces disease incidence without compromising fruit quality. These findings suggest a promising alternative to conventional fungicides in managing grey mould and brown rot in plums.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}