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European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement最新文献

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Rôle of lipids in airway function. 脂质在气道功能中的作用Rôle
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
J G Widdicombe
{"title":"Rôle of lipids in airway function.","authors":"J G Widdicombe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lipid composition of airway secretion is described. Major differences in the literature may depend on methods. Bronchoalveolar lavage includes a major contribution of alveolar surfactant. Sputum may be contaminated by secretions from the upper airways and saliva, and shows great variations in total lipids and free fatty acids. Diseases affect its composition. Tracheobronchial aspirates and washings are more direct methods and show much cholesterol, DPPC, and other phospholipids. Secretions by explants and cell cultures also show very mixed lipid composition including neutral, phospho- and other lipids. Although much airway lipid may travel up from the alveoli, there is evidence that the larger airways can secrete their own lipids. They may also arise from breakdown of cells. Their functions may include a modification of mucus rheology, an effect on ciliary beat and mucociliary clearance, a modification of mucus adhesiveness, an action on bacterial invasion, and a lessening of the tendency to collapse of small airways due to the surface activity of the lipids.</p>","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14450571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Small cell lung cancer trials in the EORTC. EORTC的小细胞肺癌试验。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
N van Zandwijk, J G McVie, O Dalesio, A Kirkpatrick
{"title":"Small cell lung cancer trials in the EORTC.","authors":"N van Zandwijk,&nbsp;J G McVie,&nbsp;O Dalesio,&nbsp;A Kirkpatrick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An overview of activities of the EORTC Lung Cancer Coöperative Group in small cell lung cancer is given. Optimal length of therapy, identification of patients with good/bad prognostic factors, role of surgery and the study of new drugs presently are the main areas of interest for the group. With its large patient potential the group is able to verify \"early favourable reports\" and to quickly perform phase II studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"149 ","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14167808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methodological aspects of measurement of exposure to mould. 测量霉菌暴露的方法学方面。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
G Blomquist, U Palmgren, G Ström
{"title":"Methodological aspects of measurement of exposure to mould.","authors":"G Blomquist,&nbsp;U Palmgren,&nbsp;G Ström","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"154 ","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14603447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rôle of mucus viscoelasticity in clearance by cough. Rôle粘液粘弹性在咳嗽清除。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
M King
{"title":"Rôle of mucus viscoelasticity in clearance by cough.","authors":"M King","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the relationship between mucus rheology, depth of mucus layer, and clearance by simulated cough. A model trachea constructed of rigid plexiglass was lined with mucus simulants--borate-crosslinked locust bean gum gels. Their viscoelastic properties were determined by magnetic rheometry and expressed as mechanical impedance (dynamic stress/strain ratio or vectorial sum of elasticity and viscosity) and loss tangent (viscosity/elasticity ratio). Cough was simulated by opening a solenoid valve connecting the model trachea to a pressurized tank, using an upstream flow-constrictive element to shape the flow profile to approximate the pattern seen in a normal adult. Mucus clearance was quantitated by observing the movement of contrasting marker particles placed in the mucus layer. The median particle displacement per cough manoeuvre was defined as the clearance index, C.I. We found that C.I., for any initial depth of mucus, increased with the driving pressure in the tank. For a given driving pressure, C.I. increased linearly with increasing mucus depth. For a given driving pressure and depth, C.I. decreased with increasing mechanical impedance of mucus. At constant mechanical impedance, C.I. increased with increasing loss tangent. Mucus clearance was associated with transient wave formation in the lining layer. Thus the dependence on viscoelasticity is consistent with the observations that airflow-mucus interaction and wave formation are impeded by elasticity. The clearance vs. loss tangent relationship for cough is opposite to that found for ciliary clearance, suggesting a natural balance in viscosity and elasticity for mucus to be cleared by both mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"165-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14605699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rôle of surfactant in peripheral transport mechanisms. Rôle表面活性剂在外周转运机制中的作用。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
J M Weiss, K F Gebhardt, H Ziegler, H Rensch
{"title":"Rôle of surfactant in peripheral transport mechanisms.","authors":"J M Weiss,&nbsp;K F Gebhardt,&nbsp;H Ziegler,&nbsp;H Rensch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been demonstrated that compression and expansion of a monomolecular film lead to a unidirectional transport of particles which are present on this film. Using the same model we could demonstrate that Broncho-Alveolar Lavage fluids from healthy rats also produce a transport of particles in the direction of the compression phase and that lavage fluids from SO2 exposed rats show impaired and even reversed transport properties. In parallel there is a change of the phospholipid pattern in lavage fluid from SO2 exposed animals. The relevance of these observations is discussed for physiological and pathophysiological situations in the lung periphery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"205-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14605702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. 内毒素在呼吸系统疾病发病机制中的作用。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
R Rylander
{"title":"Role of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders.","authors":"R Rylander","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"154 ","pages":"136-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14451170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacteria in farming environment. 农业环境中的细菌。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
J Dutkiewicz
{"title":"Bacteria in farming environment.","authors":"J Dutkiewicz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"154 ","pages":"71-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14451171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory disorders among Icelandic farmers. 冰岛农民的呼吸系统疾病。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
V Rafnsson, L Belin
{"title":"Respiratory disorders among Icelandic farmers.","authors":"V Rafnsson,&nbsp;L Belin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"154 ","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14603445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers. 慢性支气管炎和农民肺的患病率和发病率与农场的地理位置和农民的工作有关。
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
I Vohlonen, K Tupi, E O Terho, K Husman
{"title":"Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers.","authors":"I Vohlonen,&nbsp;K Tupi,&nbsp;E O Terho,&nbsp;K Husman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung in the Finnish farming population were studied by cross-sectional and follow-up surveys of 12,056 farmers. Occurrence of both these diseases varied greatly according to geographical location of the farm. The incidence of chronic bronchitis (2,687 new cases annually per 100,000 farmers) was twice as large in southwestern as in northern Finland. Chronic bronchitis was more common among farmers in livestock production than among those in grain production. The definition of farmer's lung adopted confined the occurrence of the disease among farmers engaged in animal tending. In livestock production, chronic bronchitis was strongly associated with swine tending, but farmer's lung with both cattle and swine tending. Use of a harvester with a sack loader turned out to be characteristic of the chronic bronchitis cases, and the number of new cases was largest among farmers who used a batch type cell drier. The farmers with grain driers that use unheated air most frequently suffered from farmer's lung. Of all (147) the characteristics of farming occupation analyzed, the methods of grain handling and drying were the most important factors for predisposing farmers to chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung.</p>","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"152 ","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14623068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pulmonary surfactant and chronic lung disease. 肺表面活性物质与慢性肺病
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
T Higenbottam
{"title":"Pulmonary surfactant and chronic lung disease.","authors":"T Higenbottam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema are two chronic lung diseases closely associated with cigarette smoking. Early pathological changes in the lung in asymptomatic smokers affect the alveoli and bronchioli, sites where surfactant production is centred. Bronchial lavage work has demonstrated a reduction of 'free' extra-cellular surfactant in smokers. In this report the interaction between the 'tar' of tobacco smoke and surfactant is described from in vitro studies. Also using an isolated rat lung model tobacco smoke 'tar' appears to increase lung compliance. These observations may help explain why young asymptomatic cigarette smokers have increased lung compliance and suggest the way in which 'tar' interacts with the lung surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"222-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14605705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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