Economic Anthropology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Report on Financial Investments of Italian Households. Behavioural Attitudes and Approaches - 2020 Survey (Rapporto 2020 sulle scelte di investimento delle famiglie italiane)","authors":"N. Linciano, Valeria Caivano, D. Costa, Monica Gentile, P. Soccorso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3748637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3748637","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: The 2020 edition of the CONSOB Report on financial investments of Italian households presents evidence on the financial choices of a representative sample of 3,274 Italian financial decision makers to gaining insight as to how they manage investment decisions and the main risks they may take. The first two Sections of the Report explore the macro environment and trends in household wealth and savings and include an analysis on retail trading and investments in Italy during the Covid-19 crisis based on MiFID transaction data. The third Section examines socio-demographic characteristics of the sample and several personal traits that may affect financial behaviours, such as procrastination, self-efficacy and financial anxiety as well as financial satisfaction and the attitude towards financial trust. Section 4 deeply investigates financial knowledge (actual and perceived), financial competence and interest in financial education initiatives. Section 5 and 6 are respectively dedicated to financial control and saving habits and investment choices and demand for investment advice. The last two Sections of the Report focus on respondents’ knowledge and interest in sustainable and responsible investments (SRIs) and on attitude towards digital assets and financial services. The Report provides a broad overview of Italian households’ financial knowledge, the quality of their financial choices as well as useful insights about financial education challenges.Italian Abstract: Il Rapporto CONSOB per il 2020 su ‘Le scelte di investimento delle famiglie italiane’ raccoglie i dati relativi a un campione di 3.274 individui, rappresentativo dei decisori finanziari italiani. Il documento si articola in otto sezioni, di cui le prime due basate su dati di fonte esterna e dati di vigilanza e le rimanenti sei basate sui dati dell’Osservatorio CONSOB sulle scelte di investimento delle famiglie italiane. La prima sezione del Rapporto illustra le principali dinamiche macroeconomiche e le ripercussioni della crisi in atto su economia reale, occupazione, reddito disponibile e consumi delle famiglie italiane. La seconda sezione riporta l’evoluzione della ricchezza finanziaria e del tasso di risparmio delle famiglie italiane nel confronto con l’area euro nonché le dinamiche relative all’invecchiamento della popolazione e al livello di digitalizzazione dell’economia;la sezione si conclude con l’esposizione dell’evidenza sull’operatività degli investitori retail italiani sul mercato azionario domestico (con particolare riferimento alle settimane di massima volatilità corrispondenti all’esplosione della pandemia) e della composizione dei titoli detenuti dagli intermediari italiani in custodia o amministrazione per conto della clientela retail italiana. Le sezioni successive analizzano i dati dell’Osservatorio, rilevati a giugno 2020. In particolare, la terza sezione censisce, oltre ai profili socio-demografici e alla propensione al rischio, alcune attitudini psi","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128748725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Gender and Gender Pairing on Bargaining: Evidence from an Artefactual Field Experiment","authors":"Ben d’Exelle, Christine Gutekunst, A. Riedl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3740457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3740457","url":null,"abstract":"Men and women negotiate differently, which might create gender inequality in access to resources as well as efficiency losses due to disagreement. We study the role of gender and gender pairing in bilateral bargaining, using a lab-in-the-field experiment in which pairs of participants bargain over the division of a fixed amount of resources. We vary the gender composition of the bargaining pairs as well as the disclosure of the participants' identities. We find gender differences in earnings, agreement and demands, but only when the identities are disclosed. Women in same-gender pairs obtain higher earnings than men and women in mixed-gender pairs. This is the result of the lower likelihood of disagreement among women-only pairs. Women leave more on the bargaining table, conditional on their beliefs, which contributes to the lower disagreement and higher earnings among women-only pairs.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114179897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Financial Wellbeing with Self-Reported and Bank-Record Data","authors":"Carole Comerton-Forde, John P de New, Nicolás Salamanca, D. Ribar, Andrea Nicastro, James Ross","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3737273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3737273","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops multi-item scales of the financial wellbeing of customers of a major Australian bank using self-reported survey data that are matched with the customers' financial records. Using Item Response Theory (IRT) models, the study develops: First a Reported Financial Wellbeing Scale that is formed from responses to 10 questions about people's experiences and perceptions of financial outcomes, and second an Observed Financial Wellbeing Scale that is formed from five financial-record measures of customers' account balances, net spending, and payment problems. The IRT models show that each scale reliably differentiates between a wide range of outcomes and that the components within each scale have similar power to discriminate. We validate the scales by estimating Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator machine-learning models of how they correlate with other measurable characteristics. Savings habits, spending habits, credit card behavior, household income, education, difficulties with housing payments, and the use of and access to social or government support are each associated with both types of financial wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R&D Employee Training, the Stock of Technological Knowledge, and R&D productivity","authors":"Donggyu Kim, Chang‐Yang Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3729855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3729855","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the conditioning role of R&D employee training on the effect of the stock of technological knowledge on firm R&D productivity. We suggest that R&D employee training enhances firm-specific technological competence, thereby enabling the firm to better utilize the stock of technological knowledge as a source of technological opportunities. Specifically, while a trap of path dependency may hamper the proper utilization of the firm-specific stock of technological knowledge, R&D employee training reinforces the standing-on-the-shoulders effect of the stock of technological knowledge, thereby offsetting, at least partially, its fishing-out effect due to depleting technological opportunities. Using panel data of Korean manufacturing firms, we show R&D employee training positively moderates the effect of the stock of technological knowledge on firm R&D productivity. Furthermore, we suggest several factors that influence the positive moderating effect of R&D employee training such as the degree of knowledge sharing among R&D employees within each firm, the strength of industry R&D appropriability, and the intensity of industry R&D.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116871693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tariff Wars, Unemployment, and Income Distribution","authors":"E. Dinopoulos, G. Heins, Bulent Unel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3789637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3789637","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a multi-country model with occupational choice, heterogeneous firms, unemployment, and revenue-generating tariffs to study the aggregate and distributional consequences of tariff wars in a unified framework. Motivated by the 2018 global tariff war, we calibrate the model to fit a global economy with four countries, the United States, the European Union, China and the Rest of the World. If governments maximize aggregate welfare, the average optimal tariff and the average Nash-equilibrium tariff are about 16 percent. Multilateral trade negotiations lead to zero cooperative tariffs and free trade. No country can win a trade war. If governments adopt a political-economy perspective and maximize a weighted sum of entrepreneurial and worker interests with weights incorporating factual \"autonomous rate\" tariffs, then trade talks lead to positive cooperative tariffs in the range of 14 percent for the U.S. to 43 percent for China, and tend to increase unemployment and income inequality.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115630533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Market Structure on Regulatory Compliance: Evidence from Online Censorship in China","authors":"Z. Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3723674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3723674","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the role of market structure in regulatory compliance through a unique empirical example: censorship via content removal by three major live-streaming platforms in China. Adopting an event study approach, this paper exploits the unexpected occurrence of 30 salient events over two years and shows that platforms of different sizes censor a different number of keywords with notably different delays. This paper then develops and estimates a structural model where the platform’s profit depends on its own censorship action as well as that of its competitors, induced by the switching behavior of users with heterogeneous preferences for censorship. By complying with the government’s censorship request, platforms may lose users who prefer to evade censorship by switching out. By not complying, platforms incur a cost imposed by the government that is positively correlated with their sizes, but it also allows them to attract new users from their competitors that obey the government’s censorship requests. My counterfactual analysis predicts that centralizing market power via merging or shutting down small platforms could backfire and lead to an unintended consequence where the overall censorship in the marketplace turns out to be lower.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115529645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Life – New Empirical Evidence on the Economic Boost of the FIFA World Cup","authors":"M. Fett","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3716403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3716403","url":null,"abstract":"Does the FIFA World Cup boost the economy? Can a host country capitalise on a ‘high life’? The following paper develops, besides a valid econometric analysis, the factor ϕ for World Cup-specific effects on GDP per capita growth.This econometric approach uses multiple regression models. Both, first a Fixed-Effects-OLS and then GMM estimations are used to render the possibility to outline in detail World Cup-specific effects on GDP per capita growth and its three-year moving average. My investigation period covers the World Cups between 1962 and 2010. Based on in-depth analysis and the proof of a structural break, the period is subsequently split into two subperiods: World Cups 1962-1986 and World Cups 1990-2010. As peer-reviewed research has stated previously, there is no significant result for host variable ϕ for the whole period. After accounting for the structural break, results change: Pre-1990 era shows statistically significant negative results, annually (-4.6), whereas the post-1990 era shows statistically highly significant positive results: +1.1.These innovative findings indicate, accounting for a structural break at World Cup 1990 is necessary for the analysis of economic effects. Reasons can be the increased popularity of the tournament, but mainly the commercialisation of the tournament transcending into the world of entertainment.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116728922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a Customer Focused Strategy: Developing Conceptual Frameworks and Research Propositions","authors":"Pankaj M. Madhani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3717410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3717410","url":null,"abstract":"In today's highly competitive business environments, organizations tend to become more sensitive and responsive to the changing needs of customers. Inculcating and continually strengthening 'customer focus' is essential for achieving and sustaining competitive advantages for the organizations. The seven Cs framework and research propositions developed in this research is an actionable model for building a customer focused strategy in organizations. With this framework significant steps can be taken to strengthen an organization's customer focus. A strong customer focused strategy exhibits high ratings on all seven Cs: CEO leadership, collaborative approach, compensation system, customer insight, criteria for decisions, competitor awareness and a deep organizational commitment and contribution of all functions to creation of superior customer value, profitably. Research discusses customer focused strategy at Zappos and also provides numerical illustrations to calculate increase in firm valuation for a customer focused organization.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126845240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Corporate Investments: Evidence from Planned Power Plants","authors":"Chen Lin, Thomas Schmid, M. Weisbach","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3478625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3478625","url":null,"abstract":"How does global warming affect firms’ activities? We consider this issue from the perspective of the<br>electricity producing industry. Warmer temperatures increase the demand for air conditioning, the use of which fluctuates substantially over time, making investments in “flexible” power plants that can be turned on quickly and at low cost more valuable. Using an international sample of planned power plants, we estimate that hotter weather in a region leads utilities to increase their investments in flexible power plants. This effect appears to be driven by long-term changes in climate rather than abnormally high temperatures that occur over a short period. While these results are specific to the electricity industry, it is likely that climate change will require similar adjustments of firms’ assets in other industries as well.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121197026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour Search with Endogenous Outside Option","authors":"Ritesh Jain, Srinivasan Murali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3678453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3678453","url":null,"abstract":"We incorporate the extended version of Nash bargaining proposed by Vartiainen (2007) in a standard labour search and matching model to endogenously determine the outside option of workers along with their wages. We find that the optimal outside option of a worker under this framework is zero and this equilibrium maximizes social welfare when the economy is constrained efficient.<br>","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}