R. Syms, M.M. Ahmad, I. Young, D. Gilderdale, D. Collins, M. Leach
{"title":"Batch fabrication of micro-coils for MR spectroscopy on silicon","authors":"R. Syms, M.M. Ahmad, I. Young, D. Gilderdale, D. Collins, M. Leach","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597677","url":null,"abstract":"A process for batch fabrication of low-cost microcoils for magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of clinical biopsy samples is demonstrated. Conductors are fabricated on oxidized, intrinsic silicon substrates by electroplating metals inside a deep photoresist mould. Through-wafer deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is used to define precise sample volumes and stencil cuts around each die, and dies are separated by snap-out. Single- and multiple-coil (Helmholtz-type) sensors are formed, by stacking parts on silicon baseplates. MR imaging and spectroscopy are both demonstrated on model samples, with high SNR","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115782312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yi, V. McDonell, J. Brouwer, M. Fujiwara, M. Adachi
{"title":"Emissions sensors for high temperature fuel cell applications","authors":"Y. Yi, V. McDonell, J. Brouwer, M. Fujiwara, M. Adachi","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597865","url":null,"abstract":"High temperature fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells offer a high efficiency, fuel flexible, low emission strategy for distributed generation. In order to validate emissions performance of pollutants such as NOx and CO, analyzers that provide accurate measurements of low single digit values of these species are needed. Analyzer requirements are described along with representative results for low emission practical devices. The results demonstrate reliable analyzer performance and confirm low emission levels","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127525511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Franklin, Matthew D. Johnson, Katharine A. Scott, J. Shim, H. Nam, D. Kipke, Richard B. Brown
{"title":"Iridium oxide reference electrodes for neurochemical sensing with MEMS microelectrode arrays","authors":"R. K. Franklin, Matthew D. Johnson, Katharine A. Scott, J. Shim, H. Nam, D. Kipke, Richard B. Brown","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597971","url":null,"abstract":"We report for the first time a micromachined, silicon neural probe with an integrated iridium oxide (IrO) quasi reference electrode for neurochemical recordings. The probes have a 1.5 times 103 mum2 IrO reference electrode, a 1.5 times 103 mum2 Pt counter electrode, three circular Pt working electrodes, and three circular IrO electrodes for electrical recording. Several different electrode sizes (4 to 50 mum radius) were fabricated in order to study the effects of electrode size. In vitro evaluation of the probes demonstrated close correlation between results obtained using a Ag/AgCl reference electrode and the on-chip IrOx reference electrode","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116981659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Device level vacuum packaged micromachined infrared detectors on flexible substrates","authors":"A. Mahmood, D. Butler, Z. Çelik-Butler","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597909","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents progress made in making device-level vacuum-packaged microbolometers as infrared detectors on flexible substrates. Polyimide PI5878G serves as the flexible substrate and semiconducting yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) is used as the bolometric material. Finite element analysis is used to design a vacuum cavity housing a microbolometer. Suitable materials are selected for the microcavity fabrication based on results of the computer simulations. During fabrication, sacrificial polyimide around the detector facilitates the formation of a vacuum microcavity with an optical window. Micromachining is carried out through trenches in the microcavity wall. After isolating the microbolometer from the ambient, the trenches are sealed shut by sputtering in vacuum. The fabricated devices are characterized for responsivity and detectivity. At a bias voltage of 10 V, 40-40mu m2 devices exhibited a current responsivity of 6.13 timesl0-5 A/W to a broad-band infrared radiation modulated at 5 Hz. A maximum detectivity of 1.76times105 cm-Hz1/2/W was measured. A relatively low thermal conductance of 3.36times10-6 W/K was measured implying good thermal isolation of the bolometers and therefore an intact vacuum cavity","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128407090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel optical fiber accelerometer system for monitoring civil infrastructure","authors":"Dae-Hyun Kim, M. Feng","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel optical fiber accelerometer system for monitoring large-scale civil infrastructure such as utility lifelines, highway bridges, and buildings. Particularly suitable applications are in environments where conventional electric accelerometers cannot be used due to strong electromagnetic (EM) interference, electric spark-induced explosion risk, and cabling problems. The proposed optical fiber accelerometer represents a novel integration of the moire phenomena and fiber optics to achieve a robust performance in addition to its immunity to EM interference, easy cabling, and low cost. All of these make the proposed sensor ideal for applications in civil infrastructure monitoring. A prototype sensor system has been developed, together with a real-time signal processing software equipped with a unique compensation filter to increase the sensor's dynamic bandwidth. The experimental studies demonstrated the high-performance of the optical fiber sensor system","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114964339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charge-storage-type optoelectronic sensor with DOG-function characteristics","authors":"Y. Matsui, Y. Miyoshi","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597839","url":null,"abstract":"The optoelectronic sensors with DOG (difference of Gaussian)-function characteristics have been developed successfully for the application to the artificial visual cortex. The remarkable negative photoinduced current (PIC) and negative differential (ND) characteristics according to the forward bias voltage have been obtained for GaAs/GaAlAs multi-quantum well (MQW) structures with a charge-storage layer of InAs/GaAs short period superlattice (SSL). The characteristics are dependent on the crystal quality of the charge-storage layer and extremely enhanced by using the InAs/GaAs SSL compared with InGaAs alloy. In addition, we have designed an optoelectronic sensing circuit to mimic the mechanism of the selectivity to orientation, motion-direction and length of slit light in a human visual cortex","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115495635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pattnaik, B. Vijayaaditya, Talabattula Srinivas, A. Selvarajan
{"title":"Optical MEMS pressure and vibration sensors using integrated optical ring resonators","authors":"P. Pattnaik, B. Vijayaaditya, Talabattula Srinivas, A. Selvarajan","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597779","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose and analyse novel optical MEMS based pressure and vibration sensors utilising integrated optical ring resonators. The wavelength shift of light propagating in the resonator, located over the micro-mechanical structure, due to stress induced refractive change because of applied pressure or vibration, provides the desired sensor output. In the case of pressure sensor, as the circular diaphragm deflects due to the differential pressure, stress induced refractive index change in the waveguide lead to change in the wavelength shift providing the measure of pressure. For 1mm radius circular diaphragm with 65mum thickness, wavelength shift of 0.78 pm/kPa is obtained with a pressure range of 300 kPa. In the case of vibration sensor, the straight portion a race track resonator is located at the foot of a cantilever beam with proof mass. As the beam deflects due to vibration, stress induced refractive change in the waveguide located over the beam lead to the wavelength shift providing the measure of vibration. A wavelength shift of 3.19 pm/g in the range of 280 g for a cantilever beam of 1750 mum times 450 mum times 20 mum has been obtained. Since the wavelength of operation is around 1.55 mum, hybrid integration of source and detector is possible on the same substrate Also it is less amenable to noise as wavelength shift provides the sensor signal. This type of sensors can be used for precession instrumentation, aerospace application and other harsh environments with suitable design","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124285927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two types of micromachined vibratory gyroscopes","authors":"A. Shkel, C. Acar, C. Painter","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597753","url":null,"abstract":"Micromachined vibratory gyroscopes (MVG) can be classified into two broad types, angle gyroscopes (or Type I) and rate gyroscopes (or Type II). Gyroscopes of the first type measure orientation angles directly, while gyroscopes of the second type measure rotational rate. Most MVG implementations to date are found exclusively in the angular rate measuring variety. This paper introduces a unified approach for description of MVGs, discusses design challenges, and introduces designs and experimental results demonstrating MVGs of both types. We demonstrate that even though challenging, Type I devices can be implemented using conventional micromachining technologies. This type of micromachined devices is new, unexplored, and may potentially enable high performance micro-scale gyros. Low-grade Type II gyroscopes have been already commercially successful. We summarize our results on Type II wide-bandwidth gyro concept and demonstrate that inherent robustness against parameter variation can be effectively achieved structurally, shifting the complexity from the control electronics to the structural design of Type II MVGs","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"17 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W.G. Wu, Q. Chen, G. Yan, Y. Hao, D. Yin, Z.Y. Chen, A. Xu
{"title":"Hybrid electrostatic actuator for micromirror tilting","authors":"W.G. Wu, Q. Chen, G. Yan, Y. Hao, D. Yin, Z.Y. Chen, A. Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597641","url":null,"abstract":"A novel hybrid electrostatic actuator made up of a planar plate drive and a vertical comb drive is developed for actuating torsional micromirror. The device consisting of the actuator and an into-plane tiltable mirror is fabricated in SOI substrate based on bulk-and-surface mixed silicon micromachining. As demonstrated by experiment, the novel actuator can drive the mirror to achieve large-range continuous tilting as well as spontaneous 90deg tilting induced by the pull-in effect in a voltage control fashion. The continuous tilting range of the micromirror is increased to about 46deg. Both theoretical modeling and experimental observations indicate that, accompanying the increase in the continuous tilting range, the yielding voltage increases. The device has also been used as a mirror switch in an optical system, and the optical insertion loss is measured to be -1.98 dB","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127206333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Arshak, A. Arshak, D. Morris, O. Korostynska, E. Jafer
{"title":"A Wireless Pressure Measurement System Based on TiO2 Interdigitated Sensors","authors":"K. Arshak, A. Arshak, D. Morris, O. Korostynska, E. Jafer","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597625","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to monitor pressure remotely is of particular importance in medical and environmental applications as it is less labour intensive, safer and offers peace of mind to the general public. To meet this demand, a prototype system using TiO2 thick film interdigitated capacitors has been developed. The circuit is based on the principle of capacitance-frequency-voltage conversion and has been designed to minimize power consumption. The sensor was tested under hydrostatic pressure ranging from 0-17 kPa and high sensitivity (DeltaV=47 mV) with low hysteresis (4 %) was recorded. It can be seen that this approach may provide cost effective, reliable devices for wireless sensing applications","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124732266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}