European Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Handheld lung ultrasound for assessing cystic fibrosis lung disease in children: a diaphragm-ıntegrated scoring approach.","authors":"Şule Selin Akyan Soydaş, Satı Özkan Tabakçı, Işıl Bilgiç, Meltem Kürtül Çakar, Gamze Akça Dinç, Ayyüce Aktemur Ünlü, Bahar Ece Tokdemir, Hande Yetişgin, Çelebi Yıldırım, Gökçen Dilşa Tuğcu, Dilber Ademhan Tural, Sanem Eryılmaz Polat, Avni Merter Keçeli, Güzin Cinel","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07505-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07505-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a radiation-free imaging modality with potential value for monitoring cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, data on handheld LUS performed by pediatric pulmonologists, as well as the integration of diaphragmatic assessment into LUS scoring, remain limited. This prospective cross-sectional study included clinically stable children with CF (cwCF). LUS was performed independently by a pediatric radiologist using a conventional ultrasound device and by a pediatric pulmonologist using a handheld device. Three LUS scores were evaluated: radiologist-assessed LUS score(LUS-PR), pulmonologist-assessed handheld LUS score(LUS-PP), and diaphragm-integrated LUS score(LUS-DM). Correlations with Modified Chrispin-Norman chest radiography(CXR) scores, spirometry, and clinical variables were analyzed. 35 cwCF were included; the mean age was 7.2 ± 4.8 years, and 22 patients (62.9%) were female. The mean CXR, LUS-PR, LUS-PP, and LUS-DM scores were 3.00 ± 3.31, 2.37 ± 1.93, 2.00 ± 1.82, and 2.77 ± 1.93, respectively. CXR score correlated with LUS-PR (r = 0.55, p < 0.001), LUS-PP (r = 0.49,p = 0.003), and LUS-DM (r = 0.50, p = 0.002). LUS-PR and LUS-PP were strongly correlated (r = 0.91, p < 0.001), with excellent interobserver agreement (ICC = 0.91). FVC z-score correlated with both LUS-PP (r =  - 0.49, p = 0.046) and LUS-DM (r =  - 0.54,p = 0.025), while FEV₁ z-score correlated significantly with LUS-DM (r =  - 0.53,p = 0.030). Chronic airway infection was associated with LUS-DM (r = 0.38, p = 0.024), but not with LUS-PP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Handheld LUS performed by a pediatric pulmonologist showed excellent agreement with radiologist-assessed LUS and correlated with radiographic disease severity in clinically stable children with CF. The diaphragm-integrated LUS-DM score was feasible, and exploratory analyses showed associations with spirometric z-scores and chronic airway infection, supporting further validation of diaphragm-integrated handheld LUS for monitoring cwCF.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Children with cystic fibrosis require repeated monitoring of structural lung disease throughout follow-up. • Lung ultrasound is a radiation-free bedside imaging tool that may reflect lung involvement in pediatric cystic fibrosis.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Handheld LUS by a pediatric pulmonologist showed excellent agreement with radiologist-assessed LUS and correlated with CXR severity. • Diaphragm-integrated LUS was feasible and exploratory analyses showed associations with spirometric z-scores and chronic airway infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac phenotype in children with X-linked ichthyosis (STS-sEDD): findings from a prospective cohort.","authors":"Katia Henostroza Inga, Andrea Greco, Estefanía Martínez-Barrios, José Cruzalegui, Nuria Díez-Escuté, Sonia Ehrenberg Archs, Laura Valero Martín, Beatriz Mínguez, Marta Bové Guri, Georgia Sarquella-Brugada, Eulalia Baselga Torres","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07488-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07488-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-linked ichthyosis is caused by pathogenic variants or deletions involving STS at Xp22.31. Because some deletions include contiguous genes and cardiac rhythm abnormalities have been reported, we characterized the cardiac phenotype of children with genetically confirmed steroid sulfatase-related syndromic epidermal differentiation disorder (STS-sEDD). This prospective, observational, single-centre study included 14 boys aged 2-16 years. Assessment comprised clinical history and examination, 12-lead electrocardiography, echocardiography, exercise testing when age-appropriate, and 5-day ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Genetic findings were reviewed, and 11 obligate-carrier mothers also underwent cardiological assessment. Nine patients (64%) were asymptomatic and five (36%) reported mild, nonspecific symptoms. Minor electrocardiographic findings in 11 patients were considered age-appropriate variants. All hearts were structurally normal except for one previously known, haemodynamically compensated partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Exercise testing in 12 patients identified one isolated premature ventricular contraction; 5-day monitoring in 13 detected no clinically significant arrhythmia. Twelve patients had contiguous-gene deletions and two had pathogenic STS sequence variants, with no apparent association between deletion extent and cardiac findings. Maternal echocardiograms were normal; one mother had isolated atrial and ventricular ectopy during exercise without clinically significant arrhythmia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinically relevant cardiac involvement appeared uncommon in this small pediatric cohort. The sample size and cross-sectional assessment preclude definitive risk estimates; cardiological evaluation should be individualized according to symptoms, cardiovascular findings, and family history.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• X-linked ichthyosis is caused by STS variants or deletions that may involve contiguous genes. • Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported with Xp22.31 deletions, but pediatric data are scarce.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• No clinically significant arrhythmia was found in 14 boys undergoing multimodal assessment. • Deletion extent did not predict cardiac findings; follow-up should reflect symptoms and family history.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical child abuse and factitious disorder imposed on another: two diagnoses, one child-a narrative review for paediatricians.","authors":"Anna Mimran, Céline Klein, Loïc Héry, Alice Masurel, Cécile Grenenko, Patrick Berquin, Anne-Gaëlle Le Moing","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07480-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07480-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical child abuse (MCA) and factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA) do not describe the same person. MCA is a diagnosis given to a child harmed by unnecessary medical care initiated by a caregiver; FDIA is a psychiatric diagnosis given to the adult who falsifies illness in another. This review summarises the clinical features, diagnosis and management of MCA in children and relates MCA to FDIA and to the British concepts of fabricated or induced illness (FII) and perplexing presentations (PP). Structured narrative review of PubMed, last updated in September 2026, using the terms Munchausen syndrome by proxy, factitious disorder by proxy, medical child abuse, FDIA, pediatric condition falsification, caregiver-fabricated illness in a child, FII and PP, without age restriction for the perpetrator literature. Of 33,296 records identified, 131 sources were retained after independent screening by two reviewers. A qualitative synthesis was performed. MCA is defined by harm to the child, whatever the caregiver's motivation. FDIA is one possible explanation of the caregiver's behaviour, alongside anxiety, misinterpretation of symptoms, external gain or coaching of the child. FII and PP describe the same situations from the paediatrician's standpoint, PP corresponding to alerting signs before harm is established. Warning signs converge across terminologies: discrepancy between reported and observed findings, multiple providers, escalating investigations, improvement in the caregiver's absence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paediatricians diagnose MCA from the child's care trajectory; the caregiver's diagnosis belongs to adult psychiatry and is not required to protect the child. Keeping the two diagnoses separate may support earlier recognition and safer management.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Medical child abuse and factitious disorder imposed on another are underdiagnosed and described under several national terminologies. • Terms are often used interchangeably, blurring who is diagnosed and by whom.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• The terminologies are mapped onto one distinction: the child's diagnosis versus the adult's diagnosis. • A shared set of alerting signs supports child protection without inferring the caregiver's intent.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental expectations for specific follow-up after pediatric intensive care stay: a prospective observational cohort study.","authors":"Alice Bailly, Michael Levy, Delphine Micaelli, Guillaume Mortamet, Julie Guichoux, Julien Gotchac, Olivier Brissaud, Judith Chareyre","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07450-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07450-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess parental expectations regarding specific follow-up after a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, and whether these expectations differ according to pediatric post-intensive care syndrome (PICS-p) risk factors. We also explored differences across four patient profiles based on age, pre-existing conditions, and progression toward chronic illness. This study was a questionnaire-based, prospective observational cohort study within the PICU of a French teaching hospital. The study population consisted of all children discharged alive from the PICU between July 2023 and June 2024. One month after discharge, a survey was sent via text message to parents, assessing their perceptions of the post-PICU experience and follow-up needs. Among 107 children included, 68 parents (63.6%) reported a need for structured follow-up. Interest was higher among parents perceiving difficulties in their child (p = 0.02) or after longer PICU stays (p = 0.04). Most (99 parents, 92.5%) favored initiating medical follow-up within three months of discharge. No significant differences were observed between patient categories. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and subgroup comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Early, structured, post-PICU follow-up should be implemented to address diverse family needs. Priority should be given to children with longer stays or significant psychological trauma. Follow-up should be individualized based on an initial assessment.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Children and families may experience physical, psychological, cognitive, and social sequelae after a PICU stay, but parental expectations regarding post-PICU follow-up remain poorly described.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Most parents favored early structured follow-up after PICU discharge, regardless of patient profile. Perceived psychological difficulties and longer PICU stays were associated with demand for follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic manifestations of ciliopathies: genetic causes and clinical update.","authors":"Robert Hegarty, Yoh Zen, John A Sayer","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07468-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07468-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciliopathies are genetically heterogeneous disorders of primary cilia that frequently involve the liver in childhood, producing a spectrum of hepatobiliary pathology. Primary cilia on cholangiocytes and hepatic progenitors are mechano-, chemo-, and osmo-sensors essential for remodelling of the ductal plate, the embryologic precursor of the liver's intrahepatic bile duct system. Disruption of the components of primary cilia (basal body, intraflagellar transport (IFT), transition-zone, trafficking, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi protein homeostasis components) leads to ductal plate malformation, aberrant biliary branching, and progressive periductal fibrosis. Classical loci (PKHD1, PKD1, PKD2) more commonly associated with cystic kidney disease remain central to aetiology, while ER/glycosylation protein homeostasis genes (GANAB, ALG8, PRKCSH, SEC63, DNAJB11), trafficking/IFT-A and WDR/dynein-2 components (TULP3, WDR family) are increasingly recognised. Liver disease most often appears from childhood to adolescence in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Joubert syndrome, and WDR-related disorders, while autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and liver disease (ADPKD and ADPLD) usually presents in adulthood. The main disease patterns also vary: congenital hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in ARPKD, hepatic cysts in ADPKD, steatotic liver disease in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and transaminitis or fibrocystic liver disease in Joubert and WDR-related disorders. Emerging contributors such as DCDC2 and PKD1L1 implicate microtubule-cilium interactions and mechanosensory dysfunction in neonatal cholestasis and biliary atresia. Diagnosis increasingly relies on broad multigene panels or exome/genome sequencing, with functional assays guiding interpretation of novel alleles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> This narrative review synthesises contemporary knowledge on ciliary roles in biliary development, the clinical hepatic phenotypes observed in children and adults, and the evolving genetic landscape with emphasis on discoveries from recent sequencing cohorts and functional studies.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Ciliopathies are genetically heterogeneous disorders in which primary cilia dysfunction disrupts cholangiocyte signalling and ductal plate remodelling, leading to a spectrum of paediatric hepatobiliary disease ranging from congenital hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension to cystic liver disease, steatotic liver disease, and neonatal cholestasis.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Recent genomic and functional studies have broadened the spectrum of ciliopathy-associated genes implicated in paediatric hepatic disease. Clinicians caring for these children should maintain a high index of suspicion as the range of reported phenotypes continues to expand.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea severity and insulin resistance in children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: the SPISE index as a candidate metabolic marker.","authors":"Abdurrahman Zarif Güney, Osman Talha Akpınar, Meltem Gökden, Furkan Yılmaz, Çiğdem Korkmaz, Berrak Nevin Öztosun, Abdülhamit Çollak, Hande Turan, Elvan Bayramoğlu, Olcay Evliyaoğlu, Ayşe Ayzıt Kılınç Sakallı","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07506-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07506-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compared two surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity - the single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) and HOMA-IR - and evaluated their associations with OSA severity in children with genetically confirmed PWS and a symptomatic non-syndromic referral group (NSR) with available polysomnography (PSG) and fasting biochemical data. In this single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study, OSA severity was indexed by the obstructive apnoea-hypopnoea index (oAHI), central AHI (cAHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and caregiver-reported symptoms by the PSQ-SRBD scale. Multivariable models were fitted within the PWS group. Of 458 PSG studies screened, 31 children with PWS and 47 NSR met the inclusion criteria. cAHI was higher in PWS (p < 0.001), and PSQ-SRBD scores were slightly lower, despite a similar oAHI distribution. Within the PWS group, oAHI correlated inversely with SPISE (ρ =  - 0.378, p = 0.036). In multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, BMI-SDS, and growth hormone therapy, higher oAHI was associated with lower SPISE (B =  - 0.154, p = 0.015), whereas the association with ln(HOMA-IR) was borderline (B = 0.081, p = 0.0497). ODI correlated with SPISE (ρ =  - 0.427, p = 0.017) but not with HOMA-IR (ρ = 0.319, p = 0.081). Phase-stratified analyses showed oAHI-SPISE correlations in phases 2 and 3 and an oAHI-HOMA-IR correlation in phase 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with PWS, OSA severity was associated with markers of impaired insulin sensitivity. The associations of SPISE with oAHI and ODI support its further investigation as a candidate metabolic correlate of OSA severity. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger independent cohorts.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• OSA is highly prevalent in PWS. OSA severity is associated with insulin resistance in adults and in non-syndromic children with obesity, but this relationship and the insulin-independent SPISE index have not been evaluated in PWS.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• OSA severity was associated with impaired insulin sensitivity markers in children with PWS. • SPISE, derived from lipids and BMI without fasting insulin, was associated with oAHI and ODI in PWS; it merits further investigation as a candidate metabolic correlate of OSA severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversational artificial intelligence and children's social-emotional development: a scoping review.","authors":"Aditya Hemendra Bhatt, Somashekhar Marutirao Nimbalkar, Archana Somashekhar Nimbalkar","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07487-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07487-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to map evidence on how children's and adolescents' interactions with conversational artificial intelligence (AI)-including generative chatbots, AI companions, voice assistants, social robots, and AI-enabled toys-relate to social and emotional development. We conducted a JBI-informed scoping review reported according to PRISMA-ScR. A three-stage search combined systematic review citation harvesting, targeted electronic searches, backward and forward citation checking, and searches of regulator and child-research organization websites through 3 August 2026. Eligible sources involved participants younger than 18 years and reported affective, relational, social communication, trust, anthropomorphism, disclosure, attachment, loneliness, well-being, or family/peer outcomes. Findings were descriptively mapped by technology and developmental domain. Forty-four eligible reports represented 34 distinct evidence sources: nine social-robot sources, four voice-assistant/smart-speaker sources, 15 generative-chatbot sources, and six AI-companion/social-chatbot sources. Social robots most consistently improved immediate engagement, acute distress, or specifically trained communication behaviors. Children differentiated AI from humans but often attributed knowledge, agency, moral standing, or relationship-like qualities. Generative systems supported emotional expression and parent-child dialogue, whereas relational framing increased human-likeness, trust, and emotional closeness. Population surveys showed substantial use of emotional support and sensitive disclosure, particularly among certain vulnerable groups. No study established a durable developmental benefit or a safe substitution for human relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conversational AI may offer useful, supervised scaffolding for engagement and communication, but the evidence is heterogeneous, largely short term, and insufficient to support AI as an autonomous emotional caregiver or a substitute friend.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Children increasingly interact with socially responsive AI and may attribute knowledge, emotion, agency, or relational qualities to these systems.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Relational design increases anthropomorphism, trust, and emotional closeness; current evidence supports supervised adjunctive use but not long-term developmental benefit or replacement of human relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and clinical outcomes of short-course intravenous antibiotic therapy in neonates under 28 days with urinary tract infection.","authors":"Mathilde Baudin, Jean-Daniel Delbet, Charlène Ferrandiz, Martin Auger, Gael Cals, Antoine Mouche, Mathie Lorrot, Tim Ulinski, Cyrielle Parmentier","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07412-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07412-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence guiding the optimal duration of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections (UTI) in neonates under 28 days remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a short IV antibiotic course (≤4 days) followed by oral treatment in neonates with UTI. We conducted a retrospective single-center study including neonates <28 days hospitalized for culture-proven UTI (≥10,000 leukocytes/mL and ≥10,000 CFU/mL of a single pathogen). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and treatment data were collected. Outpatients and newborns with a postmenstrual age >35+6 weeks were included. Patients were stratified as low-risk (no severity criteria) or high-risk (clinical severity, bacteremia, pyelo-ureteral dilatation, or ESBL infection). The primary endpoint was 30-day recurrence after IV therapy. A total of 138 patients were included; (82% male, median age 15.5 days). 97 patients (71%) were classified as low-risk, and 95 of them (98%) received a short IV antibiotics course (≤4 days). Only one early recurrence occurred related to poor oral intake of antibiotic treatment during viral co-infection. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (88%, 121/138). ESBL were identified in 3.6% (5/138) of neonates. Fifty-one patients (37%) were younger than 14 days, they presented less frequently with fever but received similar short IV courses without increased recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-course IV antibiotic therapy followed by oral treatment appears feasible and associated with favorable clinical outcomes for carefully selected neonates under 28 days with UTI and low risk factors for severe infection. These findings support a more individualized approach to antibiotic duration in this specific population and warrant prospective multicenter validation.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Evidence supports short IV antibiotic courses in infants >28 days with UTI. • Robust recommendations are lacking for neonates <28 days.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• In clinically stable neonates <28 days without bacteremia, short IV therapy was not associated with increased recurrence. • Even neonates <14 days can be safely managed with this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: High-resolution anorectal manometry in children with constipation-associated fecal incontinence.","authors":"Mohammad Seif Mohammad Mostafa, Hussein Mohammad El-Assal, Ashraf Yahia Abd-Elgwad, Mohammad Soliman El-Debeiky, Hamouda Eid Ali El-Gazzar","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07477-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-026-07477-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal post-discharge growth according to bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in very preterm infants: a cohort study.","authors":"Lina Alsherbini, Mohanned Alrahili, Talal Aljarbou, Saif Alsaif, Abdulaziz Homedi, Theodore Dassios, Kamal Ali","doi":"10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and post-discharge growth during the first year of corrected age in very preterm infants, including recovery from established growth failure at hospital discharge. This retrospective cohort included 1,106 infants born before 32 weeks' gestation, classified using the Jensen BPD definition as no BPD (n = 768), mild (n = 142), moderate (n = 154), or severe BPD (n = 42). Weight, length, and head circumference z-scores were assessed from birth to 12 months corrected age. Longitudinal growth trajectories and time to recovery from discharge growth failure were evaluated using adjusted models. Increasing BPD severity was associated with progressively poorer anthropometric outcomes at discharge and 12 months (all p < 0.001). At 12 months, severe BPD remained independently associated with lower weight (β - 0.596, 95% CI - 1.134 to - 0.057; p = 0.030), length (β - 0.800, 95% CI - 1.443 to - 0.156; p = 0.015), and head circumference (β - 1.177, 95% CI - 2.001 to - 0.353; p = 0.005) z-scores. Among infants with growth failure at discharge, severe BPD was associated with slower recovery of weight (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.81; p = 0.011), length (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.48; p < 0.001), and head circumference (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.72; p = 0.012). Median recovery was not reached for any anthropometric domain in severe BPD; corresponding 12-month recovery probabilities were 41.3%, 42.6%, and 30.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Severe BPD was independently associated with persistent impairment in weight, length, and head circumference and substantially delayed recovery from established growth failure during infancy. These findings support structured longitudinal growth monitoring and targeted nutritional follow-up after discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"185 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}