{"title":"Microrheology of Biological Specimens","authors":"L. Rizzi, M. Tassieri","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.a9419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a9419","url":null,"abstract":"Read the full text \u0000PDFPDF \u0000Tools \u0000Share \u0000Abstract \u0000 \u0000A great number of important biological phenomena that occur in living organisms demand energy transduction processes that critically depend on the viscoelastic properties of their constituent building blocks, such as cytoplasm, microtubules, and motor proteins. \u0000 \u0000Accordingly, several techniques have been developed to characterize biological systems with complex mechanical properties at micron‐ and nano‐length scales; these are now part of an established field of study known as Microrheology. \u0000 \u0000In this article, we provide an overview of the theoretical principles underpinning the most popular experimental techniques used in such fields, including video particle tracking, dynamic light scattering, diffusing wave spectroscopy, optical and magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy. \u0000 \u0000We report examples of both active and passive microrheology techniques and discuss their applications in the study of biological specimens, where the use of small volumes in controlled environments and the intrinsic heterogeneities of the samples can be critical conditions to both perform and interpret the experiments.","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115814698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Breath Studies","authors":"Haorong Li, Jiangjiang Zhu, Jane E. Hill","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.A9607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.A9607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114117543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X‐Rays Analysis for Space Sciences: X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy","authors":"A. Simionovici, L. Lemelle","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.a9649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a9649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122498159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latest Insights and Methods in Analyzing Liquid Dense Clusters and Crystal Nucleation","authors":"S. Falke, H. Brognaro, C. Betzel","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.A9547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.A9547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122294558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry of Peptides and Proteins","authors":"Bauzá‐Martinez Julia, E. Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.A9620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.A9620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115594600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry","authors":"H. Bergman, K. D. Duncan, Ingela Lanekoff","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.A9580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.A9580","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the chemical characterization of single cells has improved immensely. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS) has pioneered direct analysis of metabolites, lipids, and pept ...","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125546489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy of Semiconductor","authors":"M. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.a9652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a9652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116634556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mercury Speciation in Foods","authors":"Zhongwen Wang","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.a9265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a9265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132745330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Instrumentation and Applications of Cascade Laser Spectroscopy","authors":"Erhan Tütüncü, B. Mizaikoff","doi":"10.1002/9780470027318.A9653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.A9653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119970,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"629 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117088639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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