Microrheology of Biological Specimens

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-24 DOI:10.1002/9780470027318.a9419

L. Rizzi, M. Tassieri

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Read the full text PDFPDF Tools Share Abstract A great number of important biological phenomena that occur in living organisms demand energy transduction processes that critically depend on the viscoelastic properties of their constituent building blocks, such as cytoplasm, microtubules, and motor proteins. Accordingly, several techniques have been developed to characterize biological systems with complex mechanical properties at micron‐ and nano‐length scales; these are now part of an established field of study known as Microrheology. In this article, we provide an overview of the theoretical principles underpinning the most popular experimental techniques used in such fields, including video particle tracking, dynamic light scattering, diffusing wave spectroscopy, optical and magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy. We report examples of both active and passive microrheology techniques and discuss their applications in the study of biological specimens, where the use of small volumes in controlled environments and the intrinsic heterogeneities of the samples can be critical conditions to both perform and interpret the experiments.

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生物标本的微流变学

在生物体中发生的许多重要的生物现象需要能量转导过程，这些过程严重依赖于其组成构件(如细胞质、微管和运动蛋白)的粘弹性特性。因此，已经开发了几种技术来表征具有微米和纳米尺度的复杂机械性能的生物系统;这些现在是一个被称为微流变学的成熟研究领域的一部分。在这篇文章中，我们概述了这些领域中最流行的实验技术的理论原理，包括视频粒子跟踪、动态光散射、漫射波光谱、光学和磁镊子以及原子力显微镜。我们报告了主动和被动微流变学技术的例子，并讨论了它们在生物标本研究中的应用，其中在受控环境中使用小体积和样品的内在异质性可能是执行和解释实验的关键条件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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