Journal of Korean Endocrine Society最新文献

{"title":"Correlation between S100A4 and COX2 Overexpression and Invasiveness of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma","authors":"Kyungji Lee, Y. S. Lee, Kyo‐Young Lee, W. Park, Y. S. Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.186","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Tumor cell invasion is characteristic of malignant neoplasms. S100A4, a member of a family of small calcium binding proteins, and COX2, seem to have a role in promoting progression and invasion of many human cancers. The clinical stage of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) depends on age, tumor size, and extrathyroidal extension. Extrathyroidal extension is correlated with the invasiveness of a tumor. However, there are no reliable prediction markers for invasiveness. We evaluated S100A4 and COX2 expression in PTCs to determine if expression correlates with invasiveness, and if expression of S100A4 and COX2 are useful as prediction markers. Methods: The expression of S100A4 and COX2 were evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis in 35 PTC specimens. Results: More intense staining in cells that invaded the front portion rather than the central portion of a PTC was indicative of increased expression of S100A4 and COX2. Therefore, cases were analyzed for extent of staining in tumor cells that invaded the front portion of a PTC. High expression group (higher expression than average expression rate) of S100A4 and COX2 were significantly correlated with extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.0094 and P = 0.0433, respectively). However, no other clinicopathological factors including age, lymph node involvement, and multiplicity were related to expression of S100A4 and COX2, as determined in this study. Conclusion: Extrathyroidal extension of a PTC had an unfavorable effect on prognosis. S100A4 and COX2 expression were associated with extrathyroidal extension. These findings suggest that expression of S100A4 and COX2 could be prognostic markers for PTC. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:186~192, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114913560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Cases of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Associated with Colon Cancer","authors":"S. Chun, Yun-Kyung Kim, J. Yun, E. Jang, Shin Ae Park, Jae-Hyung Cho, S. Ko, Y. Ahn, Y. Suh, J. G. Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.204","url":null,"abstract":"Hypercalcemia is often observed in cancer patients secondary to parathyroid hormone (PTH) related peptide production. However, primary hyperparathyroidism and colon cancer rarely present simultaneously. Calcium is believed to have a chemopreventive effect against colorectal cancer because it reduces crypt cell hyperproliferation in both humans and in animals. There is evidence to suggest that the incidence of colorectal cancer in humans is reduced by high calcium intake. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, increased PTH activates 1,25(OH)2D and enhances calcium absorption in the gut. Consequently, the calcium level in the lumen is decreased, leading to an elevated risk of colorectal cancer. We report two patients with colon cancer and hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism, along with a brief review of the literature. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:204~209, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125271940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Intravenous Pamidronate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in a Patient with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia","authors":"D. Lee, M. Ann, Tae Ho Kim, Tae Jin Park, Yoon-Sok Chung, Joon Seong Park, S. Song, K. Lee, H. Joo","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.210","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a rare, but serious, side effect of bisphosphonate therapy that produces significant morbidity in affected patients. It is characterized by poor wound healing and spontaneous intra-oral soft tissue breakdown, which lead to exposure of necrotic maxillary and mandibular bone. We report a case of BRONJ in 56-year-old man who visited Ajou University Hospital Dental Clinic in March 2007. He had been diagnosed with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in 2005 and had been treated with chemotherapeutic agents, along with concomitant pamidronate injections (45 mg monthly). The patient had clinical features of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the mandible precipitated by tooth extraction. The patient had multiple systemic risk factors, including extended duration of intravenous pamidronate therapy, chemotherapy, and glucocorticoid therapy for his malignancy. In the 6 months prior to presentation, curettage and debridement were performed repeatedly, but there was no improvement in the mandibular lesion. The patient was referred to the Endocrinology Clinic and was diagnosed with BRONJ. We discontinued pamidronate and started conservative care. BRONJ should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients complain of poor oral wound healing or have recurrent exposure of necrotic maxillary and mandibular bone. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:210~214, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update of Precocious Puberty","authors":"Ho Seong Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.165","url":null,"abstract":"최근 생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 사춘기가 빨리 시작되는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 성조숙증이 있는 소아의 수도 증가하 는 추세에 있다. 소아과 외래에서도 이러한 질환에 대해 많 은 질문과 문의를 받고 있는 실정이다. 이 글에서는 소아과 외래에서 흔히 접하는 소아내분비 질환인 성조숙증을 진료 하는데 도움이 될 수 있도록 기본적인 사항과 자주 질문을 받는 사항 중심으로 설명하려고 한다. 성조숙증은 2차 성징이 평균치의 2표준편차보다 빨리 나 타날 때로 정의되며, 일반적으로 여자에게서는 8세 이전(또 는 유방발달이 8세 이전, 음모발달이 9세 이전, 초경이 9.5 세 이전), 남자에게서는 9세 이전에 2차 성징이 나타나는 경 우를 의미한다[1,2]. 최근 전 세계적으로 사춘기 시작이 빨 라지는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 미국의 Pediatric Research in Office Setting 보고에서는 백인 여아의 경우 7세 이전, 흑인 여아의 경우 6세 이전에 2차 성징이 시작되는 경우를 성조숙증으로 진단하자고 제안한 바 있다[3]. 그러나 이러한 연구 결과가 비만으로 인한 효과일 가능성과 8세 이전에 2 차 성징이 시작된 환아 중 기질적인 원인 질환이 있는 경우 를 놓칠 위험성이 있으므로 대부분의 나라에서는 기존의 진 단 기준을 따르고 있다. 성조숙증은 여아에게 보다 흔하며, 여아의 경우 약 80~95%가 특발성으로 발생하고 나머지가 기질적 이상으로 발생하는데 반해, 남아의 경우에는 기질적 이상으로 발생하 는 경우가 여아에 비해 많다. 성조숙증이 갖는 임상적인 중 요성은 저신장증을 초래하므로 이에 대한 치료가 필요하다 는 점과 기질적 이상으로 발생한 경우 그 원인 질환에 대한 치료가 필요하다는 점이다. 본 론","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123188658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Diffuse Hemorrhage into the Thyroid Gland after Fine Needle Aspiration, and This was Treated by Arterial Embolization","authors":"Eui Young Kim, Jung Min Kim, Eun Hee Kim, J. Jeong, Sang A Lee, J. Choi, J. Yim, P. Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Y. Shong, W. Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.199","url":null,"abstract":"Although hematoma formation after fine needle aspiration cytology fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a most common complication and most of these hematomas are self-limiting with minimal pain, a massive intra-thyroidal hemorrhage that produces acute airway obstruction had rarely been reported on. A 60-year old female underwent ultrasound-guided FNAC for evaluation of nodules that were in the right lobe (0.5 cm) and left lobe (3 cm) of her thyroid gland. Two hours later, the patient experienced swelling and progressive pain in the anterior neck. She visited an emergency room with dyspnea at 6 hours after FNAC. On the initial examination, her vital signs were stable and the oxygen saturation was 100%. On physical examination, her thyroid gland was tender and diffusely enlarge d. Neck CT revealed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with heterogeneous hyper-attenuated areas that were suspicious for intra-thyroidal hemorrhage and a highly enhanced area in the left lower lobe of the thyroid. No definite bleeding focus was identified on the angiography that was done through the carotid artery, but the left superior thyroid artery was severely congested and partial embolization was done. After embolization her neck pain and tenderness decreased over several days and the patient was discharged on the 6 th hospital day. We report here on a case of diffuse hemorrhage into the thyroid gland after FNAC, and this was successfully treated with arterial embolization.","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122720081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Usefulness of the Second Generation TSH-Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin Assay Using Recombinant Human TSH Receptor in Patients with Graves' Disease","authors":"J. Huh, J. Suk, Mi-kyung Kim, I. Choi, S. Son, I. Kim, Y. K. Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Detection of TSH receptor antibody in patients with Graves' disease (GD) has been widely used in clinical practice. This has been performed mostly by commercial radio-receptor assays that measure TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) with using porcine TSH receptor as the ligand. To increase the sensitivity of the assay, many research groups have tried to replace the porcine source of TSH receptor with recombinant human TSH receptor. In this study we evaluated the clinical usefulness of the second generation TBII assay, which uses recombinant human TSH receptor, for making the diagnosis of GD, as compared to the conventional TBII assay. Materials and Methods: We obtained sera from 76 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing GD without or with less than 4 weeks of antithyroid drugs, and 54 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who had not received thyroid hormone treatment or quit thyroid hormone more than 3 months before. TBII was measured by using both the conventional porcine TBII assay (pTBII) and the human recombinant TBII assay (hTBII). TBII was also measured in the sera from 66 healthy controls. Results: The cut-off values of the pTBII and hTBII assay were defined as two geometric standard deviations from the geometric mean of the values in healthy controls, and these values were 10.8 IU/L and 1.0 IU/L, respectively. The sensitivity was 62% (47/76) for pTB II, as compared to 100% (76/76) for the hTBII, for diagnosing GD. Of the 54 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 3 (5.6%) and 7 (13.0%) patients had positive pTBII and positive hTBII, respectively. Conclusions: These data showed that the hTBII assay was a comparable method in terms of the sensitivity for the diagnosis of GD, as compared to the pTBII assay. It can be suggested that this new hTBII assay, rather than the pTBII assay, should be more widely used as the first line diagnostic test for GD. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:179~185, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134254782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Applications of Thyrotropin Binding Inhibitor Immunoglobulin (TBII) Assays","authors":"W. Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.3.174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120856676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-functional Pituitary Adenoma Detected on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) in a Patient with Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.","authors":"Jin Ha Lee, S. Han, S. E. Park, M. Cho, J. Cheong, M. Yun, Y. Rhee, Eun Jig Lee, S. Lim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.2.137","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the detection and characterization of a pituitary adenoma. Uptake of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) by intrasellar tumors, including pituitary adenomas, has been reported in several previous studies. We report a case where a pituitary adenoma was detected on FDG-positron emission tomography (PET), but the tum or was not detected with the use of sellar MRI. A 31-year-old woman was referred to the clinic due to a focal increase of FDG uptake at the pituitary fossa seen on whole body FDG-PET. The patient was receiving chemotherapy due to a recurred B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. Subsequently, sellar MRI was performed, and images showed a small non-enhancing heterogenous cystic lesion in the midline of the pituitary gland, radiologically suggestive of a Rathke's cleft cyst. However, sellar MRI failed to identify a lesion consistent with a pituitary tumor that corresponded to the site of increased FDG uptake detected by the use of PET, despite the inclusion of a dynamic contrast enhanced sequence. Despite the negative findings of the MRI examination, basal and stimulated levels of the GnRH free α-subunit were profoundly increased. Therefore, we suspected the presence of a non-functional pituitary tumor in addition to a Rathke's cleft cyst, rather than pituitary involvement of a lymphoma, based on the hormone levels and PET scan findings. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:137~141, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133403037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Natural Course of Pituitary Incidentaloma in Korea","authors":"You Jin Lee, Sun Wook Cho, S. W. Kim, C. Shin, K. Park, B. Cho, Hong-Kyu Lee, S. Kim","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A pituitary incidentaloma is a pituitary mass discovered incidentally by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MRI) of the brain performed for evaluation of an unrelated disease, and when the patient did not show neurological or endocrine signs and symptoms. Despite of increasing incidence, only a few studies have reported on characteristics, natural history, treatment, or follow-up strategy. Moreover no epidemiologic data exist on pituitary incidentaloma in Korean. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled subjects diagnosed as pituitary incidentaloma in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1992 to August 2006. We reviewed baseline demographic findings and the results of basal hormone tests, visual field test, and MRI (or CT) at baseline and during follow-up. Results: Among 1310 patients with pituitary adenoma, 161 subjects were diagnosed with incidentaloma. The subject age at diagnosis was 49.7 ± 15.5 years, with 84 males. Macroadenoma was more frequent (n = 110, 68.3%). with microadenomas and Rathke's cleft cysts found in 21 and 30 cases, respectively. The mean diameter of the tumor was 1.75 cm. Functional incidentalomas such as prolactinoma or acromegaly were found in 31 cases (19.3%) although there were no symptoms or visual field defects. Of 61 incidentaloma patients who did not undergo surgery or other treatment over one year, only 3 patient showed an increase in tumor size during the mean 38.0 ± 24.9 months follow-up. Conclusion: Pituitary incidentaloma generally showed a benign course despite the high prevalence of macroadenoma (68.3%). However, as about 20% of the patients had functioning tumors, pituitary hormonal evaluation at diagnosis is mandatory. Furthermore, as we experienced 3 cases with increased tumor size during follow up, including a case of pituitary microadenoma, long-term careful follow-up of pituitary incidentaloma seems necessary. A long-term, prospective study with more patients would reveal the characteristics and the natural history of pituitary incidentalomas in Korea. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:111~116, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133341588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAG Repeats in the Androgen Receptor Polymorphism do not Correlate with Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis","authors":"Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Jung Min Kim, Yoon Soo Rhee, Hyun-jeung Choi, W. Kim, Y. Shong","doi":"10.3803/JKES.2008.23.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/JKES.2008.23.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) occurs mostly in males, but no studies have addressed the role of androgen in the disease. Hyperinsulinemia can precipitate acute paralysis in TPP patients. CAG repeats in the androgen receptor (AR), an X-linked gene, correlate with serum insulin levels. Aim: To evaluate whether CAG repeats in the AR gene might predict the susceptibility to TPP in Korean male Graves' patients. Methods: We evaluated CAG repeat length in a series of 33 male TPP patients and 48 control patients by direct sequencing of the PCR product of the AR promoter site. Control patients were male Graves' patients without a history of paralysis. Results: The CAG repeat length varied from 15 to 34 (median of 23). The upper quartile of CAG length was equal to or above 26 repeats (long AR). The distribution of long AR was 0.30 in TPP and 0.15 in control patients, respectively (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.92~6.85; P = 0.09). Conclusion: AR gene polymorphisms may not confer genetic susceptibility to TPP in Korean male patients with Graves' disease. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:117~122, 2008)","PeriodicalId":119859,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Endocrine Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131041922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}