European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Reply: Sex-Related Variations in Platelet Reactivity.","authors":"Mattia Galli, Dominick J Angiolillo, Fabio M Pulcinelli","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary recommendations for recurrent hyperkalaemia: Insights from the GUARDIAN-HK European Steering Committee.","authors":"Gianluigi Savarese, María Jesús Izquierdo, Clara Bonanad, Aaron Wong, Roland Schmitt, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Francesco Dentali, James O Burton, Giuseppe Rosano","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Recurrent hyperkalaemia (HK) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and is common among patients with cardiorenal disease. Many of these patients require renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapies that further enhance the risk of HK. Every acute HK episode constitutes an opportunity to treat and prevent recurrent HK. This report aims to support multidisciplinary team efforts in managing patients who may be affected by recurrent HK.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A panel of nine European experts in the management of HK (four nephrologists, four cardiologists, one internist) reviewed existing guidance and evidence on the diagnosis and management of HK at a face-to-face (26th September 2023) and two virtual meetings (24th January and 14th March 2024). The panel develop 10 consensus recommendations and a management algorithm across three domains: duty of care, identifying patients at risk of HK recurrence and managing the risk of HK recurrence. Early identification and management of those at risk of recurrent HK will improve clinical outcomes but requires an interdisciplinary, co-ordinated approach. Disease-modifying therapies such as RAASi should no longer be considered reversible causes of HK, and efforts should be taken to up-titrate these to guideline-directed target doses even in the setting of an acute HK event. Every acute HK episode constitutes an opportunity to treat and prevent recurrent HK, contributing to long-term clinical benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The recommendations, intentionally broad in scope, complement existing management guidelines and plans, fostering a collective responsibility among healthcare professionals managing patients with HK.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenofibrate therapy and risk of heart failure outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Ji Yoon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Dong-Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study investigated the association between fenofibrate use and outcomes of heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In a nationwide cohort database (2008-2022) in South Korea, patients with T2D (≥30 years) receiving statin therapy were 1:1 matched by propensity score into a statin plus fenofibrate group (n = 11,722) and statin only group (n = 11,722). The primary outcomes were hospitalisation for HF (HHF) and a composite of HHF or cardiovascular death. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between treatments and outcomes. During a median of 50.4 months, the incidence rate per 1,000 person-years of HHF was 3.44 and 4.13 in the statin plus fenofibrate and statin only groups, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.98). The adjusted HR for the composite outcome of HHF or cardiovascular death was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.96). Sensitivity analyses limited to individuals with ≥80% adherence showed consistent results (HHF: adjusted HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43-0.92; composite outcome: adjusted HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this propensity-weighted cohort study, the addition of fenofibrate to statins was associated with significantly lower risks of HHF and the composite outcome of HHF or cardiovascular death in patients with T2D, suggesting a novel cardiovascular benefit of fenofibrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related differences in platelet aggregation.","authors":"Marco Cattaneo","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Severe Peripheral Arterial Disease Undergoing TAVI: Insights from The Hostile Registry.","authors":"Mattia Galli, Roberto Nerla, Fausto Castriota, Francesco Saia, Won-Keun Kim, Alessandro Iadanza, Ole De Backer, Francesco Burzotta, Nicolas M Van Mieghem, Thomas Pilgrim, Giuseppe Musumeci, Max M Meertens, Michael Joner, Francesco Meucci, Stefan Toggweiler, Luca Testa, Sergio Berti, Matteo Montorfano, Daniel Braun, Marco De Carlo, Marco Barbanti, Giulio Stefanini, Georg Nickenig, Tommaso Piva, Azeem Latib, Italo Porto, Ran Kornowski, Antonio L Bartorelli, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Tullio Palmerini","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) has been shown to be a safer alternative to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients without atrial fibrillation undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, antithrombotic therapy for TAVI patients with severe peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains an underexplored area. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of SAPT and DAPT in this high-risk patient population.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The HOSTILE registry was a multicenter, international, observational study including 1,707 consecutive patients with hostile femoral access undergoing TAVI in 28 international centers. Among 573 patients without atrial fibrillation treated through transfemoral or non-thoracic alternative approach, 144 received SAPT and 429 DAPT after TAVI. The primary efficacy endpoint was the propensity-adjusted rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack. The primary safety endpoint was the propensity-adjusted rate of major bleeding. Outcomes were reported at 30 days and 12 months. DAPT was associated with a non-significant reduction in MACE at 30 days (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.25-2.18; p=0.59) and at 12 months (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.35-2.24; p=0.80) compared to SAPT, but with a significant interaction between antiplatelet strategy and PAD severity (p=0.01), suggesting a greater benefit of DAPT in patients with a high PAD severity. DAPT was associated with reduced all-cause death at 12 months (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.47; p<0.001) but not at 30 days (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.05-1.22; p=0.09) compared with SAPT. There was no difference in major bleeding at 30 days (p=0.13) or 12 months (p=0.10) between groups. There were no differences between groups in any bleeding at 30 days (p=0.16) or 12 months (p=0.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In TAVI patients with severe PAD, DAPT was associated with a trend toward improved outcomes compared with SAPT, particularly in those with higher PAD severity. These findings, including the observed reduction in 1-year mortality with DAPT, warrant further investigation in prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic benefit of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists addition to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure: a cohort study.","authors":"Sih-Yao Chen, Jheng-Yan Wu, Kuang-Ming Liao, Yu-Min Lin","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Managing patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure (HF) is challenging. While sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) show cardiovascular benefits, the impact of combining these agents is unclear. This study evaluated whether adding GLP-1 RA to SGLT2i provides additional benefits in patients with both ASCVD and HF.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This retrospective observational study utilized the TriNetX database to analyse patients with ASCVD and HF who initiated GLP-1 RA with SGLT2i or SGLT2i alone from 1 August 2016 to 30 September 2024. A total of 2 797 317 patients were identified, with 96 051 patients meeting inclusion criteria. After propensity score matching, 5272 patients in each group were analysed. Primary outcomes included mortality or hospitalization within 1 year; secondary outcomes examined mortality, hospitalization, and heart failure exacerbation (HFE). Patients receiving GLP-1RA and SGLT2i therapies had significantly lower risk of mortality or hospitalization [hazard ratio (HR) 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.83], mortality (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.62-0.84), hospitalization (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.73-0.83), and HFE (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.72-0.83) vs. SGLT2i alone. Subgroup analyses showed consistent benefits in patients with HFpEF, HFrEF, patients with diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or those using semaglutide or dulaglutide, while liraglutide use showed a neutral effect. Drug-related side effects were monitored as safety outcomes, which showed no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In ASCVD and HF patients, adding GLP-1 RA to SGLT2i reduces 1-year mortality and hospitalization, warranting further investigation in diverse settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"324-333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with cancer and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Giuseppina Novo, Cristina Madaudo, Antonio Cannatà, Pietro Ameri, Daniela Di Lisi, Daniel I Bromage, Alfredo Ruggero Galassi, Giorgio Minotti, Alexander R Lyon","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Cardiovascular disease and cancer represent significant global health challenges. An overlap between oncology and cardiology is compounded by cancer therapies, which are known to have cardiotoxic effects. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), initially developed for treating diabetes, have shown promising cardiovascular benefits in non-cancer populations, particularly in preventing heart failure (HF) and reducing HF-related hospitalization and mortality in large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. However, their potential cardioprotective role in cancer patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated cardiovascular outcomes in cancer patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing chemotherapy with concomitant use of SGLT2i compared with those not using SGLT2i. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore patients without baseline HF and patients treated exclusively with anthracyclines.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A systematic review identified 11 observational retrospective studies (n = 104 327 patients). Based on the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool checklist, two studies were at moderate risk of bias, while all other included studies had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis indicated that the use of SGLT2i was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality [0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.67, P < 0.0001] and risk of HF hospitalization (0.44, 95% CI 0.27-0.72, P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of SGLT2i may be associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality and risk of HF hospitalization in actively treated cancer patients with Type 2 diabetes. Our study highlights the need for further investigation through prospective RCTs to confirm the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in attenuating cardiotoxicity and supporting cardiovascular health in oncology settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities-facing the challenge: type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Susanne Kaser, Dobromir Dobrev, Bianca Rocca, Juan Carlos Kaski, Stefan Agewall, Heinz Drexel","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf023","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes is associated with excess cardiovascular risk. In contrast to type 2 diabetes, however, age at the onset of type 1 diabetes and sex are major predictors of cardiovascular risk, while the role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipid-lowering therapy is less clear. Since most data on the effects of lipid-lowering treatments are obtained from randomized clinical trials that included very predominantly patients with type 2 diabetes, it is almost impossible to specifically discern endpoints in type 1 diabetes. Inversely, most data specific for type 1 diabetes are obtained from real world findings. Consequently, the evidence on efficacy and safety of lipid-lowering therapies available from randomized clinical trials arises very predominantly from type 2 diabetes. Thus, this specific review summarizes the evidence of lipid-lowering drug classes in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"380-386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Xuan Ci Mee, Ghee Kheng Lim, Ramzi Ibrahim, Hoang Nhat Pham, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Mohamed Allam, George Bcharah, Min Choon Tan, Timothy Barry, Juan Farina, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani, Kwan Lee","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) improve heart failure (HF) outcomes but their effects on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year cardiovascular outcomes of SGLT2-Is among patients with AMI.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study using TriNetX data, including patients aged ≥18 with AMI identified via ICD-10 codes regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), categorized by SGLT2-Is use. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated for the primary outcome (recurrent AMI) and the secondary outcomes (acute HF hospitalizations, stroke, all-cause hospitalizations, all-cause mortality, new-onset atrial fibrillation, and cardiac arrest). After PSM, 89 554 patients were analysed (44 777 SGLT2-Is users; 44 777 non-users). The mean age was ∼68 years in both cohorts with a similarly high burden of cardiovascular comorbidities. Mean follow-up duration was 290.854 days for SGLT2-Is users and 284.465 days for non-users. SGLT2-Is use was linked to lower rates of recurrent AMI [aOR: 0.459; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.367-0.551], all-cause hospitalizations (aOR: 0.782; 95% CI: 0.762-0.803), all-cause mortality (aOR: 0.640; 95% CI: 0.612-0.670), and cardiac arrest (aOR: 0.834; 95% CI: 0.773-0.900). No differences were observed in acute HF hospitalizations, new-onset atrial fibrillation, or stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SGLT2-Is are associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AMI, including reductions in recurrent AMI, all-cause hospitalizations and mortality, and cardiac arrest. These findings emphasize the need for prospective clinical trials involving patients with AMI and other cardiovascular comorbidities, regardless of LVEF, to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"334-342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trial-level surrogacy of non-high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction on the clinical efficacy of statins.","authors":"Léa Liaigre, Alicia Guigui, Marc Manceau, Jean-Luc Cracowski, Charles Khouri, Matthieu Roustit","doi":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LDL cholesterol (LDL - c) and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c) are prognostic factors of cardiovascular risk. However, their validity as trial-level surrogates for cardiovascular outcomes is debated. This study aimed to determine whether LDL - c and non-HDL-c are reliable surrogates for cardiovascular events in statin trials, and to explore discrepancies in previous studies. We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing statin efficacy versus placebo or usual care on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. We search studies published between 1987 and August 2023 from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Baseline lipid levels, absolute risk differences (ARDs), and hazard ratios or risk ratios (RRs) for major cardiovascular events and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality were analysed. Weighted linear regressions between log RR or ARD, and absolute difference in non-HDL-c or LDL - c were performed. The coefficients of determination (R2trial) were calculated, with their 95% CI computed through bootstrapping. The surrogate threshold effect (STE) was also estimated. Twenty RCTs and 194 686 participants were included, with a median follow-up of 4.85 years. Statin treatment showed significant efficacy in improving all clinical outcomes. However, the association between treatment effects on LDL - c or non-HDL-c reduction and clinical outcomes was weak. The R²trial were ranging from 0 to 0.1 for LDL - c, and from 0 to 0.04 for non-HDL-c. The STE for major adverse cardiovascular event was 0.76 (0.36-1.69) mmol/L for LDL - c, and 0.87 (0.49-2.19) mmol/L for non-HDL-c. Neither LDL - c nor non-HDL-c demonstrated trial-level surrogacy for predicting treatment effects on mortality and cardiovascular events in statin trials. Although they are relevant biomarkers for the follow-up of patients treated with statins, their reduction does not reliably predict a similar reduction in cardiovascular risk. As such, they should not be used as pivotal evidence in drug trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11982,"journal":{"name":"European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"387-392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}