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Land drainage as a factor in "red tide" development. 土地排水是“红潮”发展的一个因素。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435841
A Prakash
{"title":"Land drainage as a factor in \"red tide\" development.","authors":"A Prakash","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the exact mechanisms and factors of red tides are not fully understood, red tides are essentially a coastal phenomenon. The role of land drainage in the modification of coastal waters is discussed. The role of other factors (salinity, biologically active substances, etc.) that are altered by the process of land drainage is analyzed and correlated to experimental evidence derived from laboratory-grown dinoflagellate cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 2","pages":"121-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12416060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Surface and gas-phase resistances to the evaporation of droplets. 液滴蒸发的表面和气相阻力。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437438
J T Zung
{"title":"Surface and gas-phase resistances to the evaporation of droplets.","authors":"J T Zung","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attempt has been made to asses quantitatively the magnitudes of both the gas-phase resistance and the surface resistance to the evaporation of droplets and to determine the transition point at which the evaporation changes from a diffusion-controlled to a surface-controlled process. This transition point is strongly dependent upon the ambient pressure and the droplet size. It is found that at atmospheric pressure the particle radius at which the transition takes place is in the range of 1 - 10mu for water, 0.1mu for n-dibutylphthalate, 0.1 - 1.0mu for mercury, and 0.001mu for liquid helium. Furthermore, we have found that the surface resistance and the gas-phase resistance vary with the size of the droplet in opposite direction, leading to the existence of a maximum rate of evaporation at a certain value of the droplet radius, this radius being dependent upon the characteristics of the liquid concerned. This conclusion may be useful in the search for an optimum and most efficient method of combustion of fuel sprays in automotive engines, gas turbines, and oil-burning power plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"8 4","pages":"283-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12327226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A simple drift measurement technique for industrial cooling towers. 一种简单的工业冷却塔漂移测量技术。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437445
M A Kessick, D M Pipes, J V Matson
{"title":"A simple drift measurement technique for industrial cooling towers.","authors":"M A Kessick,&nbsp;D M Pipes,&nbsp;J V Matson","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drift loss rate was measured for three induced draft cooling towers by following the decrease in concentration of two conservative additives in the recirculating water during operation with no blowdown and normal makeup. The method described is simple and inexpensive and provides information essential in water use planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"8 4","pages":"353-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12327232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An analytical study of the role of various factors causing red tide outbreaks of trichodesmium as deduced from field and laboratory observation. 从野外和实验室观察推断出引起赤潮爆发的各种因素的分析研究。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435846
V C Ramamurthy
{"title":"An analytical study of the role of various factors causing red tide outbreaks of trichodesmium as deduced from field and laboratory observation.","authors":"V C Ramamurthy","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The marine blue green alga Trichodesmium sp is found in red-tide outbreaks in sub-tropical areas in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Arabian Seas and the equatorial currents of the Gulf of Mexico. Giberellic acid stimulated the growth of Trichodesmium cultures to a greater extent than in the diatom Melosira sulcata. While increasing either the nitrate or phosphate above the normal levels in the culture medium did not greatly stimulate the growth of this organism, Trichodesmium did thrive in nitrogen impoverished waters by nitrogen fixation. The relevance of these findings to the hydrological factors which favour red-tide outbreaks is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 2","pages":"179-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11999718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A study of the N2O5-SO2-O3 reaction system. N2O5-SO2-O3反应体系的研究。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437424
R L Daubendiek, J G Calvert
{"title":"A study of the N2O5-SO2-O3 reaction system.","authors":"R L Daubendiek,&nbsp;J G Calvert","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infrared spectroscopy was used to follow the rates of the chemical changes in gaseous N(2)O(5)-SO(2) and N(2)O(5)-SO(2)-O(3) mixtures. Several results of interest to atmospheric scientists were obtained. (I) SO(3) was not a detectable product of these reaction systems, and no significant SO(2) removal occurred. From the kinetic treatment of these results, estimates were derived for the upper limits of the rate constants of the reactions 1 and 2: NO(3) + SO(2) leads to NO(2) + SO(3) (1); N2O5 +SO2 leads to N(2)O(4) + SO(3) (2); k(1) less than or equal to 4.2 1. mole-minus 1sec-minus 1; k(2) less than or equal to 2.5 x 10-minus 2 1. mole-minus1sec-minus 1 at 30 degrees C. These data suggest that reactions 1 and 2 are not important removal paths for SO(2) in the sunlight irradiated, NO(x)hydrocarbon polluted atmospheres. (II) The near ultraviolet absorption spectrum of pure N(2)O(5) has been determined. From these results and estimates of the actinic irradiance, it was shown that the rate of photochemical decomposition of N(2)O(5) by the absorption of solar light in the urban atmosphere is an unimportant factor among the reactions which establish the N(2)O(5) and NO(3) concentrations. (III) It has been observed that gaseous SO(3) and NO(2) react rapidly to form a relatively nonvolatile white solid. Preliminary data suggest a 1:1 mole ratio for this adduct. The significance, if any, of this and related compounds in urban aerosol formation must be evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"8 2","pages":"103-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12310755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Formation of trihalomethanes by chlorination of surface water. 地表水氯化作用下三卤甲烷的形成。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435822
W W Bunn, B B Haas, E R Deane, R D Kleopfer
{"title":"Formation of trihalomethanes by chlorination of surface water.","authors":"W W Bunn,&nbsp;B B Haas,&nbsp;E R Deane,&nbsp;R D Kleopfer","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, and dichloroiodomethane have been found in chlorinated drinking water. In addition to these five compounds, the other possible trihalomethanes (chlorodiiodomethane, bromochloroiodomethane, dibromoiodomethane, bromodiiodomethane, and iodoform) can also be formed by chlorination of surface water containing bromides and iodides. Mass spectra for each of these ten compounds were obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 3","pages":"205-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12389143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 77
On the effect of iron-citrate on the growth of the Flordia red-tide organism, Gymnodinium breve. 柠檬酸铁对Flordia赤潮生物Gymnodinium breve生长的影响。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437456
Y S Kim, D F Martin
{"title":"On the effect of iron-citrate on the growth of the Flordia red-tide organism, Gymnodinium breve.","authors":"Y S Kim,&nbsp;D F Martin","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"55-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12413543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of anaerobic conditions in bottom waters on the occurrence of red tides at omura bay. 大村湾底水厌氧条件对赤潮发生的影响。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435845
K Hirayama, S Iizuka
{"title":"Effect of anaerobic conditions in bottom waters on the occurrence of red tides at omura bay.","authors":"K Hirayama,&nbsp;S Iizuka","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435845","url":null,"abstract":"The field observation that the occurrence of red tides at Omura Bay may have a close connection with the development of anoxic conditions in bottom waters was tested by bioassays of seawater collected during summer 1971. The stimulating effect of anaerobically-decomposed products of bottom mud on the growth of Gymnodinium type-'65 was examined. The results suggest that the development of oxygen deficiency in the bottom waters of Omura Bay makes the environment favourable for the growth of red tide organisms, both by the supply of inorganic nutrients and of some unidentified stimulants.","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 2","pages":"167-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12415864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Further remarks on red tide models. 关于红潮模型的进一步说明。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435849
T Wyatt
{"title":"Further remarks on red tide models.","authors":"T Wyatt","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vertical migration as an accumulation mechanism in the formation of red tide models is discussed with reference to extant mathematical models. Its relationship to other biological and physical factors such as population density changes, tidal rhythms, nutrient limitation and light intensity is evaluated in terms of its possible causal role in red tides.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 2","pages":"217-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12415865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Development of morphogenetic agents in insect control. 昆虫防治中形态发生剂的研制。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435837
J J Menn, F M Pallow
{"title":"Development of morphogenetic agents in insect control.","authors":"J J Menn,&nbsp;F M Pallow","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemicals which interfere with the growth and development of insects (morphogenetic agents) have been receiving major attention as potential means of selective insect control. Major advances in this field resulted from the identification of Juvenile Hormones -1, -2, and -3, and the discovery that various terpenoid and sesquiterpenoid derivatives were more potent morphogenetic agents than the three known Juvenile Hormones. Several highly active compounds have emerged from these research programs. Their field performance, problems, and prospects in selective insect control are considered here.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"8 1","pages":"71-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12270742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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