European journal of anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Position of the mandibular foramen in relation to the occlusal plane in children with skeletal class malocclusion","authors":"Arif Keskin, A. Çiçekcibaşı, Gülay Açar, Guldane Magat","doi":"10.52083/uaci5716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/uaci5716","url":null,"abstract":"Frequently, practitioners use the inferior alveolar nerve block in the procedures desired on the teeth in the mandible and the surrounding tissues. This study aimed to reveal the position of the mandibular foramen (MF) according to the malocclusion types on panoramic radiographs of children aged 9-18 years living with malocclusion in Turkey. Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs of 330 patients between 9 and 18 years old were analyzed retrospectively. We grouped the skeletal malocclusion types as Class 1, 2, and Class 3 based on lateral cephalometric radiographs and evaluated the location of MF in malocclusion types according to age and gender. We observed that the distances to the occlusal plane, posterior edge, and gonion point increased with age while the distance to the anterior edge decreased. There was a significant difference according to age and gender in all malocclusion types (p<0.05). We determined that the MF was positioned upward parallel to the increase in age and approached the midpoint of the ramus of the mandible from the posterior. The fact that MF is placed higher than the occlusal plane in Class 3 malocclusions compared to other types and differs by gender will guide clinicians in providing effective and safe inferior alveolar nerve block in pediatric malocclusions.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duplicated internal jugular vein: a case report","authors":"Ana Villar Píriz, Leticia Vázquez Ballefín, Sofia Martínez Ventura, Eduardo Olivera Pertusso, Santiago Cubas Sosa","doi":"10.52083/vwxf7751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/vwxf7751","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical variants of the venous central system are very infrequent; nevertheless, it is useful to be aware of them in order to avoid complications during common procedures. The purpose of the present study is to describe an anatomical variant of the Right Internal Jugular Vein (RIJV), and to investigate the frequency of this variant reported in the current literature. Authors present an anatomical variant of RIJV, found during the dissection of an adult male cadaver, previously fixed in a formaldehyde-based solution, who was voluntarily donated to the Faculty of Medicine of Universidad de la República in Montevideo, Uruguay. The cadaveric material was used taking into account the Helsinki Declaration regarding prior live donation and informed consent. A photographic record and a bibliographic search in electronic bases were carried out in order to discover the frequency with which this variant occurs. It was described as an isolated duplicated RIJV, which had its origin at the level of the right jugular foramen, and had its division next to the thyroid cartilage after a path of 6.5 cm into two branches (anteromedial and posterolateral) that ended separately, and were 7.2 cm and 5.4 cm in length, respectively. The relations with near structures such as the accessory nerve and the omohyoid muscle were also described and compared with the literature reviewed.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gross morpho-biometry, histometry and immunohistochemical investigations of pituitary gland in the juvenile and adult male African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus)","authors":"Taidinda T. Gilbert, F. Olopade, O. I. Fatola, Rachael O. Folarin, A. Obasa, J. Olopade","doi":"10.52083/ycqn8605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ycqn8605","url":null,"abstract":"This work was designed to investigate the morphometry and immunohistochemical features of pituitary glands in the African Giant Rats (AGR). Adult and juvenile AGR were sacrificed and their brains harvested, and the pituitary glands were carefully dissected. The weight, length and width of brains and pituitary glands were subsequently measured. Sections were prepared and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Cresyl-violet and periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) for histological analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out with Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein (GFAP) and Ionized-Calcium-Binding-Adapter-Molecule 1 (Iba1). Grossly, the AGR pituitary gland is a somehow laterally extended, saddle-shaped organ that is dorso-ventrally flattened. The gray-coloured adenohypophysis (anterior-pituitary lobe) was bigger in size than the whitish neurohypophysis (posterior-pituitary lobe) on physical examination. Histometrically, the adenohypophyseal length was noticeably greater than that of neurohypophysis in both juvenile and adult. Similarly, the adenohypophyseal and neurohypophyseal width in adult were found to be more than that of juvenile. Also, the histological staining of the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis were distinct. In the neurohypophysis, fibrous and protoplasmic pituicytes were observed among fibres and Herring-bodies. Chromophils and chromophobes were identified in the adenohypophysis and melanotrophs in the intermediate lobe. Immunohistochemistry showed pituicytes in the neurohypophysis, which was positive with GFAP-antibody. With Iba1-antibody, the neurohypophysis expressed a stronger positive immunolabelling to microglia as compared to macrophages in the adenohypophysis. In conclusion, the gross and microscopic characteristics of pituitary glands of the AGR are found to be similar to other rodents and mammals. We recommend further study to compare morphometrical parameters between male and females of this model.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of bilateral Langer’s arm arch and Kaplan’s anastomosis: a case report and literature review","authors":"Axel O. Colombo, Sofia Funes, Agustina Medin, Tomás Ferré, Juan M. De Zan, Mariana Bendersky","doi":"10.52083/etth6352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/etth6352","url":null,"abstract":"The axillopectoral muscle [Langer’s arm arch (LAA)], is described as a supernumerary musculo-tendino-fascial structure, which connects at least two muscles that make up the walls of the axillary fossa. This anatomical variant is found in around 7% and 15% of the population, usually unilaterally, on the right side and in females. Kaplan described a nervous communication between the dorsal and the terminal superficial branches of the ulnar nerve, both sensory, with an incidence of the 2% to 4%. A case report is presented of an anatomical preparation, in which Langer’s arm arch and Kaplan anastomosis coexisted on both sides. A review of literature of LAA and Kaplan’s anastomosis is also presented. The knowledge of these anatomical variations is important as they are involved in a wide variety of vascular, nervous and functional disorders of the upper limb.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallbladder sinistroposition (left-sided) finding in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a case report","authors":"Jesús C. Herrera-Pacheco, Rodrigo Bravo-García, R. E. Elizondo-Omaña, J. M. Valdivia-Balderas, L. A. Álvarez-Lozada, A. Quiroga-Garza","doi":"10.52083/qjhl4113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/qjhl4113","url":null,"abstract":"A left-sided gallbladder (LSGB), also known as sinistropostition, is a rare anatomical variant with a reported incidence of 0.2-1.1%. It is defined as a gallbladder located on the left side of the falciform ligament, embedded in the third hepatic lobe, without situs inversus viscerum. A 37-year-old Latino man with a history of bilateral inguinal repair underwent a scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to multiple gallbladder polyps. Preoperative ultrasound reported a gallbladder of 60x20 mm, wall thickness of 1 mm, with polyps of up to 10 mm. Standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy trocar placement was used. Upon revision of the right hepatic lobe, there was an absence of the GB in the visceral side of segments IV, V, or VI. It was identified to the left of the falciform ligament with adhesions to the anterior and superior portions of the pylorus and lesser curvature. The subxiphoid trocar was adjusted to the left of the falciform ligament, and Calot’s triangle dissection was performed to obtain a critical view of safety. No other anatomical variants were identified. The procedure was performed safely with a satisfactory view of critical cholecystectomy steps and anatomy identification. After the procedure, the surgeon complained of right-hand pain and numbness due to a medial position of the subxiphoid trocar for dissection. The surgical approach of a LSGB in laparoscopic surgery should be individualized for each patient. A minimally invasive approach may be realized successfully when critical thinking by the surgeon is applied and always prioritizing the safety of the patient.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anatomical location of the great saphenous vein at the thigh and ankle: a neonatal cadaver study","authors":"D. J. van Tonder, Ahmad Kathrada, Adnan Lokhandwala, Martin L. van Niekerk, A. van Schoor","doi":"10.52083/gdni1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/gdni1668","url":null,"abstract":"Providing critically ill neonatal patients with parenteral nutrition, medication, fluids, and access to blood sampling is essential in intensive care units. One option for blood sampling is the great saphenous vein within the proximal thigh, and near the medial malleolus in neonates via ‘conventional’ landmark and ultrasound techniques. Practitioners in many countries still use the traditional landmark approach to locate the great saphenous vein in neonates, regardless of access to ultrasound. We aim to provide measurements that accurately describe the anatomy of the great saphenous vein in neonates to aid in cannulation success. The great saphenous vein was exposed in the proximal thigh and near the medial malleolus by reflecting the skin in 31 and 30 formalin-fixed neonate cadavers, respectively. Pins were placed at essential bony landmarks and soft tissue structures. The termination of the great saphenous vein within the proximal thigh can be located 6.8 ± 1.5 mm inferior to the inguinal ligament. The average shortest distance from the medial malleolus to the great saphenous vein was 4.3 mm, 2.0 mm anterior, and 3.1 mm superiorly. The diameter of the great saphenous vein in the proximal thigh and at the medial malleolus ranged between 1.4 mm and 1.6 mm, and 0.9 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively with a 95% confidence level. Our results provide a more accurate description to gain venous access through the great saphenous vein. However, if available, ultrasound should be used to locate and confirm the diameter of the great saphenous vein in the lower limb.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible therapeutic effect of combined platelet-rich plasma and stem cells on induced knee osteoarthritis in adult male albino rat: histological and immunohistochemical study","authors":"Nabila Yousef Abdel Haleem, Mogeda M. Nasralla, Mohammed M. Abd El-Moaty, Eman F. Farid, Doaa M. Shuaib","doi":"10.52083/loay6925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/loay6925","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It is the most common form of arthritis among elderly individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intra‑articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), both in combination and separately in the treatment of monoiodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats. Seventy adult male albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups, 10 rats in each (control, sham control, OA-induced, PRP, BMSCs, PRP+BMSCs and recovery). Histological examination was done using haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue and Masson’s trichrome stains. Immunohistochemical staining for collagen type II antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was carried out. Measurements of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) was performed using ELISA. Expression of ACAN gene was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histomorphometric measurements were analyzed. Radiographs were acquired from the knee joint. Light microscopic examination of articular cartilage (AC) from OA-induced group showed disorganization of chondrocytes, loss of zonation, pyknotic nuclei, empty lacunae and absent tidemark. There was a significant decrease in AC thickness, chondrocytes count, optical density of collagen and proteoglycan content, area percent of collagen II in the matrix in OA group compared to control and sham groups. These degenerative histomorphological alterations were associated with significant increase in serum IL-6 and decrease in ACAN gene expression. Radiographs showed narrowing of joint space and subchondral sclerosis. Intraarticular injection of PRP, BMSCs and PRP+BMSCs improved the previously mentioned alterations. Concomitant administration of PRP+BMSCs showed better effect than using PRP and BMSCs alone. In conclusion, PRP potentiated the effects of BMSCs on the repair of MIA-induced AC damage in rats. Injection of combination of PRP with BMSCs could be considered as a promising therapy for OA in patients.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of the enigmatic ponticulus posticus: a cone beam computed tomographic study","authors":"Karthikeya Patil, C. Sanjay, M. Guledgud, Namrata Suresh, S. Eswari, V. Doddawad","doi":"10.52083/xxas2397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/xxas2397","url":null,"abstract":"During embryonic development, the activity of neural crest cells has the potential to induce the ossification of the posterior atlantooccipital ligament, resulting in the formation of an abnormal bony bridge known as “Ponticulus Posticus” (PP). The presence of PP increases the likelihood of vertebral artery obstruction, and patients with this condition frequently exhibit symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Furthermore, connections have been depicted between PP and dental agenesis, malocclusions, and cleft lip and palate. This study assessed the prevalence, morphology, and superior articular facet (SAF) dimensions in PP using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). In this retrospective study, SPSS 22.0 was used to analyse 202 cervical CBCT images devoid of pathologies. PP, age, and sex relationship were examined using the t-test and chi2 analysis. Pearson correlation examined the relationship between PP and non-PP SAF dimensional differences. P values <0.05 were significant. The prevalence of PP was 8.4%, with 64.7% constituting complete type and 35.2% partial type. The unilateral partial group’s anteroposterior (D1) and transverse (D2) dimensions showed a strong positive association and significant difference. Understanding this anomaly and the changes it can cause in depth is essential for a clinician to diagnose orofacial pain. Taking into account the benefits of using CBCT enables a detailed evaluation of the vertebral column in three different planes, allowing us to measure the metrical dimensions of SAF precisely in the present study. It can be considered a gold standard in evaluating PP as a diagnostic tool.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embalming cadaveric upper limbs after freezing and thawing: a novel technique for maximizing body donor usage through fresh frozen and formalin-fixed preservation","authors":"I. G. Damjanovic, Madeline M. Damjanovic, Earl Donaldson, L. S. Bale","doi":"10.52083/sdqc3737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/sdqc3737","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh frozen body donors are invaluable for surgical skills training sessions and medical research due to their realistic tissue quality. However, the potential for use as long-term teaching specimens is limited by soft-tissue deterioration following multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Embalming with the use of formalin achieves tissue fixation, thereby preventing tissue deterioration and enabling prolonged use of anatomical specimens. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fresh frozen upper limbs can be successfully embalmed for use as dissection and prosection resources in anatomical sciences education following one or more freeze-thaw cycles, thereby allowing for increased usage of an individual body donor. Four previously frozen left upper limbs were preserved using formalin fixation and were dissected 30 days following arterial embalming to determine whether adequate fixation could be achieved and whether the tissue quality could be maintained. The greatest number of freeze-thaw cycles evaluated in this study was six. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which specimens from fresh frozen human body donors have successfully been embalmed using formalin-fixation techniques following single or multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Following dissection of each upper limb, we conclude that formalin fixation after freezing and thawing is a viable preservation technique that can maintain a level of tissue quality suitable for educational dissection and prosection following use of the fresh frozen cadaver for surgical skills training sessions or medical research.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular morphometry and epididymal sperm qualities of donkeys in Bolgatanga, Ghana","authors":"A.J. Ayang, J. Atawalna, Banjamin O. Emikpe, D. Abiliba, E.P. Dongbataazie, E. Adom, A.D. Asare, M.P. Amponsah","doi":"10.52083/kvov3346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/kvov3346","url":null,"abstract":"The application of artificial insemination in donkeys must be based on a knowledge of breeding soundness, while other reproductive physiology of the donkey including testicular morphometric parameters and sperm production is scanty in literature. This study sought to assess the testicular morphometry and epididymal sperm qualities of donkeys in Bolgatanga and to determine the effect of season on spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm parameters. Twelve sexually mature donkeys, aging 10 to 15 years old, had their testes and epididymis surgically harvested immediately after slaughter, semen parameters were assessed thereafter and testicular volume calculated. Epididymal sperm was harvested by retrograde flushing technique and sperm parameters were obtained. This study showed no significant difference (p-value >0.05) between the length, width and volume of the left and right testes, and that the rainy season showed greater values in seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial height, and luminal diameter. The study revealed that donkeys showed a greater level of spermatogenesis in the rainy season compared to the dry season, indicating that donkeys are seasonal breeders.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}