Journal of Basic and Applied Research International最新文献

{"title":"MONITORING OF HUMAN HEALTH STATUS","authors":"Yashi Srivastava, Deepali Gupta, Swarnita Shukla, Akriti Srivastava, Vijit SRI-VASTAVA","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67971","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the scenario nowadays, dealing with pandemics in the past has made the world aware that they need to take certain steps in their way of living and habits. Health monitoring is one such vital thing that could make a difference in the world of health. If handled appropriately, any infectious disease or pandemic can be prevented from increasing and spreading. This kind of device could help in the monitoring and checkup of patients by maintaining proximity to the patient. This device would detect a patient's pulse, temperature, and oxygen level as well as ensure the room temperature and humidity for the patient's sake. Also, in hospitals or nursing homes, these devices could be a one-stop solution for patient monitoring during the pandemic. Regular checkups and proper steps are taken as per proto- col may result in the prevention of diseases at risk. This device can also be used for self- monitoring at the same time during the time of home quarantine. The result is displayed on the web server, which is an IoT server used here, and after the detection and result can be accessed anywhere on phones or desktops through the services provided.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116225097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOES AGRICULTURAL CREDIT GUARANTEE SCHEME FUND GUARANTEES SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA?","authors":"Izuchukwu Ogbodo, Ogbodo Amobi John, Okechukwu Valentine Mmesoma","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67964","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysed the impact of agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund on agricultural output in Nigeria from 2000-2020. The impact of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund on agricultural output is largely unexplored and as such the study specifically set to determine the impact of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund on agricultural output and their causal relationship using secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistics and National Bureau of Statistics reports. Data collected were analyzed using Augmented Dick-fuller, Philip-Perron test, ordinary least square regression analysis, and granger causality test. Regression result showed that 79% of the variations in the agricultural output were accounted for by the explanatory variables included in the model. Specifically, agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund to agriculture (0.03864) was significant and positively related to agricultural output in Nigeria. The tested hypothesis showed that agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund had positive and significant impact on agricultural output in Nigeria and that there was causality between Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund and agricultural output. It was concluded that agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund to agriculture had positively impacted on agricultural output in Nigeria within the period of this study. Therefore, the study advocated for reduction in the requirements of the stringent measures on credit scheme for agricultural lending in order to achieve better contribution to agricultural output in Nigeria. From the coefficient of agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund, a 4% increase in agricultural credit would lead to a more than proportionate increase in agricultural output [1,2].","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125757110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRECEPTORS’ EXPERIENCES AND PRECEPTEES’ VIEWS REGARDING THE CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR NURSING IN THE BUEA REGIONAL HOSPITAL, CAMEROON","authors":"V. E. Eta, Constance V. Vibem, D. Nsagha","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67934","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical teaching is the most important part of nursing education and the role preceptors play in clinical teaching and learning cannot be over emphasised. Students require a conducive clinical environment to allow the application of theory to practice. \u0000Objectives: This study sought to describe preceptors’ experiences and views of preceptees regarding the clinical learning environment. \u0000Methods: A hospital-based quantitative and qualitative (mixed method) descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a typical clinical learning environment in the Buea Regional Hospital. The population was made up of staff nurses (preceptors) and student nurses (preceptees) on clinical placement at the BRH. Purposive and convenient techniques were used to select the study site and enrolled study participants respectively. A self-administered questionnaire and an interview guide were used to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS software and thematic analysis respectively. \u0000Results: A total of 14 preceptors and 112 preceptees participated in the study. In general, 36(32.1%) of preceptees fully agreed there was a positive atmosphere in the ward, 34.8% of them indicated that preceptors organised separate supervisory sessions once a week, while 16.6% of the preceptees said that preceptors do not organise supervisory sessions at all. There was significant positive relationship between the method of supervision and the level of satisfaction of preceptees (r=0. 295, p=0. 002). Regarding their experiences, the preceptors made mention of positive experiences such as hard working students, encouraging teachers, increased use of internet facilities. Negative experiences reported were, language barrier, lack of zeal to work and short duration of training. \u0000Conclusion: Even though there was a positive atmosphere in the ward, most students complained of not being comfortable during clinical learning. The preceptors had both positive and negative experiences which were both student and facility oriented. It is recommended that training schools and the hospital should endeavour to create an environment that is conducive for training of nursing students.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124733749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BORAGE (Borago Officinalis L)","authors":"Abir Selmi, R. Mouhbi, S. Dallali","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i67929","url":null,"abstract":"Borage (Borago officinalis) is an annual herb which is cultivated for medicinal and culinary uses. The present work details the biochemical characterization of borage. We tested the antioxidant activity in-vitro, using the DPPH test. Our results, also, showed that the different parts analysed contain very high levels of total polyphenols. Indeed, the leaves are characterized by the highest concentration (3.42±0.24 mg EAG/g MS), followed by the flowers (2.65±0.28 mg EAG/g MS) and the stems (2.25±0.03 mg EAG/g MS). In addition, the total flavonoid contents of Borago Officinalis L. vary significantly depending on the organ studied. The stems are characterized by the highest concentrations (437.87±32.14 mg Eq Q/g MS), whereas the flowers represent the lowest concentrations (333.33±38.56 mg Eq Q/g MS). The analyses of Total tannin have shown that the highest contents (592.53± 46.18 mg EqAT/g MS) are observed in the stems, while the leaves and flowers had similar concentations. (413.68±21.99 mg EqAT/g MS, for flowers; 454.12±17.59 mg EqAT/g MS for leaves). Analyses of condensed tannins have shown that the aqueous extract of the Borago Officinalis L. stem, is cacerized by the highest rates (99. 54±0.64 mg EqCAT/g MS), the leaves and the flowers have average rates (53.63±3.85 mg EqCAT/g MS and 82.27±5.78 mg EqCAT/g MS, respectively). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH test. In the three extracts studied, it was observed that the percentage of inhibition (IC50) of the DPPH radical increases as function of the concentration and that the three extracts have a high antioxidant capacity. This is reflected in low IC50 values, which oscillated between (104.78±2.54 µg/ml), and (125.45±3.97 µg/ml), in aqueous extract of stem and of flowers, respectively. However, the anti-radical, of various extracts, remains lower, compared to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=73.15±5.12µg/ml), Used as a reference molecule.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127214134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPING A BIODEGRADABLE PACKAGING MATERIAL USING BANANA PEEL-BASED PLASTIC","authors":"Katie Koo, Aidan Zhoung, Kaden Song, Ailee Choi, Max Feng, Alara Yilmaz, Vanya Noh, Naree Lee, Jongbin Lee","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57925","url":null,"abstract":"Single-use plastics in packaging and service ware contribute the most to plastic pollution which leads to global accumulation of non-degradable wastes. A promising solution to this issue should be favorably banana plastic, a lightweight, durable, and biodegradable alternative to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene plastic. In this study, the application of banana plastic as a packaging material was examined with modifications to the synthesis process for further efficiency and industrial viability. \u0000Banana plastic was synthesized by grinding banana peels and using the chemical processes of acidification for HCl hydrolysis, glycerin plasticization, and NaOH neutralization, followed by a 72 hour dry and modified heat treatment at 65°C in a dehumidifier. Sodium metabisulfite was used to control the degree of biodegradability of the banana plastic. Using Onshape and Flashforge 3D printing software, the optimal packaging mold with the least shrinkage and maximum printing efficiency was created and used for producing the packaging materials. \u0000Data suggested that a concentration of 0.1 M Na2S2O5 created the sustainable and durable packing materials. A percent weight decrease of 64.95% was recorded over 12 weeks in degradability monitoring at a 37°C incubator, demonstrating the compostable characters of the banana plastic. Because of the bioplastic’s unique chemical and physical qualities, banana plastic created with a concentration of 0.1 M Na2S2O5 could be a sustainable alternative to industrial packing materials.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129181384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BOOK REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC THEORY OF GENE RECYCLING","authors":"T. Mathew","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57919","url":null,"abstract":"This book, \"Scientific Theory of Gene Recycling\" by Dr. Zachariah Mathew and Dr. Thankam Mathew [1] is a brilliant piece of scientific and spiritual manuscript interwoven like the DNA's double helix. It gives you an idea how life can exist after death. \u0000One of the major scientific highlights, quoted from the book is: \u0000\" The fact of evolution is the backbone of biology, and biology is thus in the peculiar position of being a science founded on an improved theory, is it then a science or faith? .\"[2]. \u0000And one of the major spiritual highlights, excerpts is as follows: \u0000 \u0000 D. God Can Raise Up Children From Stones: \u0000 \u0000Matthew 3:9, New American Standard Bible 1995 [3] “and do not suppose that you can say to yourselves, we have Abraham for our father; “for I say to you, that God is able from these stones to raise up children to Abraham”. The authors interpretation of this verse is as follows: \"We cannot simply ignore this as a statement by John the Baptist out of his anger or frustration. If we read it in between the lines, then we can understand or presume, that the soil and the stones may contain the genes of the human beings, hence John the Baptist knowingly or unknowingly said that God can raise the people from the stones/soil\".","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134638190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOVEL AI BASED APPROACH FOR HUMAN BODY TEMPERATURE EVALUATION USING INNER EYE CANTHUS LOCALIZATION FROM CAMERA FEED","authors":"Rahul Kushwah, Rajiv Muradia, A. Bist","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57897","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report development of an Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) based pipeline to localize inner canthus for human body temperature evaluation. Locating inner canthus in a camera feed remains a challenging endeavor. We have utilized numerous Facial points, nose points and eye landmarks to locate inner canthus and report four novel aspects of our work in evaluating human body temperature. Our first novelty lies in the process of locating ROI for correct observations. Our second novelty lies in solving the challenge of mapping RGB and Thermal images to get exact data points. Our third novelty lies in testing our algorithms/technology by developing automated testing pipelines on large datasets. Moreover, the fourth novel aspect of our work lies in our methodology to normalize the temperature from forehead, inner canthus & using our hardware configuration. We tested our algorithm with data comprising of different age groups, gender and geographical location and obtained 98.37% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF WOMEN ENGAGEMENT LEVEL AND CONSTRAINTS IN CASSAVA PROCESSING AND MARKETING IN NIGER DELTA REGION, NIGERIA","authors":"P. O. Emaziye, U. N. Ureigho, Oghenekome Emaziye, Joseph Oghenero Ovharhe","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57893","url":null,"abstract":"The main interest was to examine the women’s engagement level and constraints in cassava processing and marketing. The multistage sampling method was adopted in picking 320 respondents. Data was obtained with the help of structured questionnaires and gotten data was analysed using Likert scale, descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The study established that respondents were matured with an average ages of 44 years that were mostly married female gender with low educational levels. Operations of respondents were on full- time with a family size of a 9 persons having 18 years’ experience. The mean of 3.20 revealed that women were actively engaged. Family labour supply was mostly adopted with Osusu (peer contributions) sources of credits by respondents was absence of capital followed by unstable prices/Government unfavourable policies that ranked first (1st) and second (2nd) respectively. The constraints’ economic implication was the loss of revenue (income) and household stress increase, which is dangerous for the economic survival of households, especially women. The study recommends an immediate relief package to cassava processors and marketers by government and NGOs. Also Government and various stake holders should enact favourable policies in enhancing processing and marketing of cassava operations especially in the area of credits.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131662218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF STREAMBED SEDIMENTS AND FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES OF EDE-ONYIMA LAKE, IN OKARKI-ENGENNI, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"M. Essiene, A. I. Hart, L. Osuji, M. Onojake","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i57881","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic ecosystems are heavily polluted by potentially toxic substances deposited in the sediment as a result of anthropogenic activities. These substances have the potential to enter the food chain, posing significant risks to human health and the environment. Five trace metals such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are regarded as potentially toxic substances were determined in sediments and soft tissues of three commonly consumed fish species, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Alestes baremoze, and Clarias gariepinus, collected at six sampling sites in Ede Onyima Creek, Okarki-Engenni, Rivers State, Nigeria. The results of trace metals in sediments showed the following range: Ni (1.25 – 11.90 mg/kg); Pb (0.23 – 20.21 mg/kg), Cd (0.09 – 0.72 mg/kg); Cr (0.25 – 11.96 mg/kg) and PAHs (1.25 – 11.90 mg/kg). The mean whole-body concentration of the analyte in three fish species followed the order: Pb > Ni > Cd > PAHs > Cr. The concentrations of the trace metals in sediment were below the quality guideline values; PAHs, had higher threshold and probable effect concentrations (LEL, TEL-HA28, PEL-HA28), indicating toxicity to benthic organisms. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) for the fish species ranked in the following order Cd>Pb> Ni>PAHs> Cr. Trace metal concentrations in the fish species exceeded the international permissible limits, indicating that these species are not suitable for human consumption. The contamination level of analytes was determined using the metal pollution index (MPI), which revealed gross contamination of fish species by Cd and Pb in the order Clarias gariepinus (1.8) > Ageneiosus ucayalensis (1.5) > Alestes baremoze (1.4). Furthermore, the flood event had a significant effect on the sedimentary compartment, remobilizing PTSs availability for fish ingestion while washing away legacy contaminated streambed deposits during baseflow.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130160217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADSORPTION OF IMPURITIES FROM IRRIGATION WASTEWATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCED FROM SELECTED BIOMASS","authors":"M. Adejumobi, M. Fajobi, O. E. Onofua, M. Afolabi, O. Adeoye","doi":"10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i47875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2022/v28i47875","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution from wastewater generated through irrigation has been a major challenge to environmental engineers (especially agricultural engineers) today, as a result of the contaminants and pollutants discharged due to the chemicals from the fertilizers used on crops and the discharge of sediments to surface water or groundwater. An approach to treating this wastewater necessitated the study on the preparation and production of activated carbon to serve as an adsorbent using groundnut shell for the treatment of wastewater from irrigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon from groundnut shells for the treatment of irrigation wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from Oke-Oyi irrigation scheme. The samples were analysed for initial physicochemical properties using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) standard. Raw groundnut shells were collected from Ogbomoso. The initial analysis of the drainage water shows the water is highly alkaline and contains sulphate and nitrate above FAO benchmark values. The groundnut shells were grinded and sieved to obtain a 2 mm diameter particle size. The sample was carbonized at 400°C for 30 minutes and activated with 0.3M of phosphoric acid. The effects of temperature (20°C, 30°C and 40°C) and dosage of the activated carbon (1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g and 2.5 g), contact time (30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, and 2 hours), and granulated activated carbon (GAC) on sulphate and nitrate removal were studied. The effect of the adsorbent on water pH was also studied. The characterization of the prepared AC and the determination of adsorption capacity were carried out. The surface morphological changes of the AC samples were investigated using a scanning electron microscope operated at 25 kV. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to establish the functional groups present. At temperatures of 40°C, 30°C, and 20°C, the pH of the water decreased from 9.94 to 8.22, 8.22, and 8.26, respectively. The optimum dosage with 100% sulphate removal from wastewater (30 – 0.14 mg/l) was 2.5g at 20°C while the optimum dosage for nitrate removal (41.5 – 0.0813 mg/l) ranges between 1–2.5g at 20°C. The SEM analysis produced a well-developed porous surface on the micrograph of AC after chemical activation, which suggests improved removal of impurities when used. Therefore, the use of groundnut shells as feedstock for AC serves the dual purpose of good waste management and pollution treatment antidote.","PeriodicalId":119621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Research International","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132893719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}