European journal of environmental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Spatial analysis of the accessibility of urban greenspace at the city level","authors":"Panagiotis Tsampikos Alexandros Koliotsis, M. Papadopoulou","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse the access people have to urban greenspaces at the city level (Athens) using a combination and by comparing different methods. These two approaches are the Accessible Natural Greenspace Standards (ANGSt) Model and selected urban greenspace indices. According to the results, the accessibility of areas of urban greenspace is sufficient in most of Athens, which indicates that the majority of its residents have access to urban greenspaces. The correlation of accessibility with urban greenspace indices provided a better classification for Athens, in terms of citizens’ quality of life, as 20% of the Municipalities have a higher value for greenspace than that recommended by the World Health Organization of 9 m2. If this percentage is expressed as a population equivalent, only 13.3% of the population of Athens has a higher value than the minimum recommended. In addition, 21% of the population has a much smaller value and, in particular, it does not exceed 2 m2 of greenspace per capita.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46277575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of forest ecosystem stress caused by cement plant pollution using in situ measurements and Sentinel-2 satellite data in a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site","authors":"Ali Asharfi, Y. Erfanifard, F. Amiraslani, A. D. Boloorani, A. Mousivand","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2020.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic industrial dust decreases productivity and slows down the growth of plants. Quantifying the effects of industrial dust on vegetation and determining the distance over which factories scatter dust are of paramount importance for biodiversity conservation and sustaining ecosystem services. This study aims at quantifying the effect of dust emitted by the Neka cement plant (NCP), Mazandaran province, northern Iran, on the surrounding Hyrcanian forests based on an analysis of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) retrieved from Sentinel-2 imagery. An Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) in leaves of the dominant Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia). A feed-forward neural network algorithm and field measurements were used to retrieve the leaf area index (LAI) from Sentinel-2 data with a RMSE of 0.42 (m2/m2). MODIS-NDVI and EVI time series spanning 17 years (2000 to 2017) were analysed to ensure the independence of the variation in the condition of the vegetation from drought or other environmental factors. The results indicate that Sentinel-2 data can be used to map degradation due to pollution from the cement plant and quantify the effect of the dust spatially. Dust from the cement plant (dust source) was carried approximately 4700 meters in the direction of the prevailing wind. A significant correlation of 0.849 was recorded between LAI and distance from the NCP. It is concluded that dust from the NCP had adverse ecological effects on the neighbouring forest ecosystems recently designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47469357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does artificial snow fertilise the soil of mountain meadows in the Krkonoše National Park?","authors":"Z. Křenová, O. Bílek, V. Zýval","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"There are no high mountains in the Czech Republic and only few of them are higher than 1500 m a.s.l. Nevertheless, skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in this country and has a long history and tradition. During the last two decades, climate change, big differences in snow cover from year to year and unusual warm winter periods causing the snow to melt resulted in visitors to Czech ski resorts going to the Alps. Managers of ski resorts facing this challenge recognised that artificial snow enables skiing throughout the entire season and overcomes the risk posed by climate to the skiing business. However, many ski resorts are located in protected areas and it is difficult to negotiate changes in the rules for preparing and applying artificial snow with conservationists, who are fearful of the negative effects of snowmaking on rare and protected species and habitats. This paper presents results of a case study conducted in the SkiResort CERNA HORA – PEC in the Krkonose National Park throughout the 2019 season. The seasonal changes in the water quality in two reservoirs and six creeks, from which water is used for making artificial snow, were determined in order to assess the risk of this snow adding fertiliser to the meadows on ski slopes. We found that the nutrients recorded in two reservoirs and six creeks were very low. Water quality parameters did not exceed the limits of permissible pollution of surface and drinking water. Several episodic increases in the parameters measured were recorded and the causes discussed. We did not measure the direct effects of artificial snow on grassland communities. However, the use of water from these reservoirs and creeks for snowmaking does not pose a significant risk in terms of adding fertiliser to the meadows on ski slopes. To eliminate these risks and unusual events, several management measures for improving the water regime in the area studied are proposed. To better understand the effect of artificial snow on mountain meadows, permanent plots and long-term monitoring of vegetation, soil invertebrates and soil chemistry are recommended.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large scale manipulation of the interactions between key ecosystem processes at multiple scales: why and how the falcon array of artificial catchments was built","authors":"J. Frouz, M. Bartuška, J. Hošek, J. Kucera, J. Leitgeb, Zbyněk Novák, M. Šanda, T. Vitvar","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how natural processes arise from complex interactions between particular processes at small spatiotemporal scales and in turn how these processes form patterns at large spatiotemporal scales is one of the current principal questions in environmental science.The problem is very complicated, as in many cases, key processes are often studied by researchers in separate disciplines such as ecology, soil science or hydrology. One of the major obstacles is that the processes at a landscape scale are difficult to manipulate and, in many cases, even measure. In particular, the belowground processes are in many cases overlooked or at least understudied. Here we briefly describe a methodological solution used to cope with this problem and describe artificial catchments designed for experimental manipulation at the level of a landscape, called FALCON. This array has two treatments: one mimics a site reclaimed using an alder plantation and the other was left to unassisted primary succession. For each treatment, there were two replicates in four similar catchments. Individual catchmentsare hydrologically isolated from the environment and equipped with instruments, so that all the main processes and all significant flows of substances and energy in the ecosystem can be monitored, including the cycling of water, nutrients and gas between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. In addition, in each catchment there are sets of lysimeters, which allow the study of small-scale processes and how these can be extrapolated to the catchment scale. In addition, two lysimetric fields exist alongside the catchments for monitoring the effects of the experimental manipulation.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for monitoring alpine plant phenology: a pilot study in the Line Creek Plateau Research Natural Area, USA","authors":"Z. Křenová, J. Shelly, Z. Chocholoušková","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"Alpine plant phenological traits are studied and several hypotheses about their latitudinal variation are tested within a comparative research project, which is being conducted on groups of plant species for which relationships are inferred from available phylogenies. The study sites for this project are located in tropical Ecuador, semitropical Bolivia and the temperate Rocky Mountains in the USA. Several temperate alpine species occur near the Rocky Mountains Field Station in Colorado and large populations of three alpine target species (Caltha leptosepala, Castilleja pulchella, Gentiana algida) were found at the Line Creek Plateau Research Natural Area, in the Beartooth Range in Montana. This location was initially investigated in August 2018 to choose the study site and test a methodology for collecting plant trait data. This study site, the target plant species and the results of a preliminary study, together with recommendations for the full season monitoring, are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46336634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Šumava National Park changing into a desert? A mini-review","authors":"Karolína Bílá, P. Kindlmann","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.9","url":null,"abstract":"The provoking title briefly represents the opinion of a number of politicians and lobbyists. The majority of biologists, however, do not agree with this statement and present several arguments for why such a change will not occur. We attempt to elucidate the current and future situation in the Sumava NP based on available data. We also compare the situation in the Sumava NP with that in the whole of the Czech Republic, where the situation is similar or even worse. The devastated spruce forests are regenerating from young seedlings, biodiversity is increasing and the national park is not threatened by drought any more than the surrounding landscape. Here we dismiss the alarming messages about a desert in the Sumava NP, as the opposite is true, with the drought level there lower than in the rest of the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41602683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of implanting a passive integrated transponder tag in juvenile chub, Squalius cephalus (L.), on their condition, growth and survival","authors":"P. Horká, P. Horký, O. Slavík","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.13","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of implanting a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag on the survival, growth and condition of a small cyprinid, juvenile chub Squalius cephalus (L.) with a mean weight of 2.4 g was studied in the laboratory. During this experiment, which lasted for 31 days, 80 specimens were tagged. The changes in Fulton’s condition factor (K), specific growth rate of mass (GM) and specific increase in length (LS) were evaluated. The results showed that implanting PIT tags did not affect the survival or growth of the fish; however, it had a negative effect on their condition. The initial size of the fish had a significant effect on the specific growth rate in terms of mass, but not in terms of length. Survival was 98.8% and tag retention 97.5%, when the tag made up 4.3% of the mass of the fish. These results demonstrate that PIT tagging is an appropriate method for chub heavier than 2 g. For this size category, we recommend that PIT tagging is suitable when the tag makes up 4.3% of the body mass of the individuals.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42473366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ichthyofaunal diversity of Ranjit Sagar Wetland situated in the northwestern Himalayas","authors":"O. Brraich, S. Saini","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.14","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity of fishes was evaluated at the Ranjit Sager Wetland and its three adjoining streams. Factors like altitude, bed gradient, dominated substratum and habitat types of the streams have also been studied. These streams fall under Type-B category on the basis of habitat variability, gradient and sinuosity. 43 fish species represented by 6 orders have been reported from the study area. Out of all 43 fish species, 13 come under threatened categories of Red List of IUCN, out of which 2, 3 and 8 come under Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) and Low Risk near threatened category (LRnt) respectively. It has been analyzed from the above pattern that maximum fish species reported from this wetland have fallen under different threatened categories.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41699368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management zonation and its implementation at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: a case study for the Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia","authors":"M. Vurnek, Andrijana Brozinčević, Z. Rendulic, Kazimir Miculinić, Vesna Vukadin, O. Skunca","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.11","url":null,"abstract":"Plitvice Lakes National Park (PLNP) is the oldest protected area in Croatia (since 1949) and was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in1979. It is an area of outstanding universal value consisting of a freshwater ecosystem of 16 lakes divided by tufa barriers. Recently, this area has experienced pressure from visitors and significant infrastructural development. When the previous Management Plan expired in 2017, the PLNP initiated and adopted a new Management Plan. This involved the zonation of management in order to better conserve and use this protected area. Management zonation was based on spatial and other data on the distributions of the species and habitats (Natura 2000 and others); cultural values and geo-localities; visitor experiences; existing and planned infrastructure and settlements. Visitor classes and zones were determined using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) methodology. The new management zonation resulted in an increase of 13.9% in the area of the Park included in the Strict Conservation Zone, while succession and habitat degradation resulted in a decrease in the area of the Park in the Active Management Zone, especially in terms of grassland. Six ROS classes were defined. The established ROS classes and the new management zonation were interconnected, each reflecting the need to manage the protected area in terms of conserving its specific biodiversity and geodiversity, while offering visitors various experience opportunities and meeting the needs of the local community.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nature conservation on the socio-economic development of municipalities in the south western border region of the Czech Republic","authors":"Karolína Bílá, Z. Křenová, Zdeněk Pícha, P. Kindlmann","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we focus on factors affecting the socio-economic development within a protected zone and attempt to elucidate if being in a protected area significantly affects the development or whether other factors also have a role. We focused on population counts recorded in 1991 and 2011 in order to identify the changes in the economy following to the establishment of the Sumava National Park in 1991 and Ceský les Protected Landscape Area (PLA) in 2005. A total of 39 municipalities of similar size and history were included and 18 socio-economic indicators, which can be broadly categorized in terms of economy, landscape use and municipality income. We performed ANCOVA to determine the association between the size and location (outside or inside protected area) of a municipality and each of the18 socio-economic indicators. They did not vary significantly in 1991. After two decades the demography, economy and landscape usage were significantly different. However, they were not a result of being in a protected area but changes in the sizes of the municipalities. The municipalities located within protected areas may profit from their locality and it has positive rather than negative effects on the socioeconomic indicators.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44898893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}