Erdkunde最新文献_第7页

Scenarios post foreclosure crisis in Catalonia: accumulation of housing by banks as the first step for the rise of large private landlords 加泰罗尼亚丧失抵押品赎回权危机后的情景：银行积累住房是大型私人房东崛起的第一步

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.02.03

A. Domènech, A. Gutiérrez, J. Arauzo-Carod

引用次数: 0

Climate and environmental context of the Mongol invasion of Syria and defeat at ‘Ayn Jālūt (1258–1260 CE) 蒙古入侵叙利亚和在Ayn Jālāt战败的气候和环境背景（公元1258年至1260年）

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.02.02

N. D. Cosmo, S. Wagner, U. Büntgen

{"title":"Climate and environmental context of the Mongol invasion of Syria and defeat at ‘Ayn Jālūt (1258–1260 CE)","authors":"N. D. Cosmo, S. Wagner, U. Büntgen","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"After a successful conquest of large parts of Syria in 1258 and 1259 CE, the Mongol army lost the battle of cAyn Jālūt against Mamluks on September 3, 1260 CE. Recognized as a turning point in world history, their sudden defeat triggered the reconfiguration of strategic alliances and geopolitical power not only in the Middle East, but also across much of Eurasia. Despite decades of research, scholars have not yet reached consensus over the causes of the Mongol reverse. Here, we revisit previous arguments in light of climate and environmental changes in the aftermath of one the largest volcanic forcings in the past 2500 years, the Samalas eruption ~1257 CE. Regional tree ring-based climate reconstructions and state-of-the-art Earth System Model simulations reveal cooler and wetter conditions from spring 1258 to autumn 1259 CE for the eastern Mediterranean/Arabian region. We therefore hypothesize that the post-Samalas climate anomaly and associated environmental variability affected an estimated 120,000 Mongol soldiers and up to half a million of their horses during the conquest. More specifically, we argue that colder and wetter climates in 1258 and 1259 CE, while complicating and slowing the campaign in certain areas, such as the mountainous regions in the Caucasus and Anatolia, also facilitated the assault on Syria between January and March 1260. A return to warmer and dryer conditions in the summer of 1260 CE, however, likely reduced the regional carrying capacity and may therefore have forced a mass withdrawal of the Mongols from the region that contributed to the Mamluks’ victory. In pointing to a distinct environmental dependency of the Mongols, we offer a new explanation of their defeat at cAyn Jālūt, which effectively halted the further expansion of the largest ever land-based empire.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"87-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Book review: Peter Dirksmeier and Mathis Stock, (eds.): Urbanität 书评:Peter Dirksmeier和Mathis Stock，(编):Urbanität

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2021.02.06

Claus-Christian Wiegandt

引用次数: 0

Dendrometer measurements of arctic-alpine dwarf shrubs and micro-environmental drivers of plant growth - Dataset from long-term alpine ecosystem research in central Norway 北极高山矮灌木的树木密度计测量和植物生长的微观环境驱动因素——来自挪威中部长期高山生态系统研究的数据集

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.DP.01

J. Löffler, Svenja Dobbert, Roland Pape, D. Wundram

{"title":"Dendrometer measurements of arctic-alpine dwarf shrubs and micro-environmental drivers of plant growth - Dataset from long-term alpine ecosystem research in central Norway","authors":"J. Löffler, Svenja Dobbert, Roland Pape, D. Wundram","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.DP.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.DP.01","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we present fine-scale measurements of stem diameter variation from three common arctic-alpine dwarfshrub species monitored in two mountain regions of Central Norway. All three species (Betula nana, Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum, and Phyllodoce caerulea) are abundant within the studied regions and highly important contributors to potential future arctic-alpine vegetation shifts. A profound understanding of their radial growth patterns therefore has the potential to yield crucial information regarding climate-growth relations within these ecosystems. We used high-resolution dendrometers (type DRO) to monitor 120 specimens, taking measurements near the shoot base of one major horizontal stem. Along with the shrub growth measurements, we measured on-site micro-environmental data at each studied site, including shoot zone and root zone temperatures as well as soil moisture. All data were recorded at an hourly scale and are presented as daily mean values. The monitoring period spanned five full years (2015 2019), with additional data from 2014 and 2020. Data were collected within one of the most continental climate regions of Europe, the Vågå/Innlandet region, and in the oceanic climate region Geiranger/Møre og Romsdal, spanning a steep climate gradient over just ~100 km horizontal distance. Both study regions are characterized by steep elevational gradients and highly heterogeneous micro-topography. The studied sites were chosen to represent these natural conditions using the transect principle. The collection of our original data is subject of our long-term alpine ecosystem monitoring program since 1991, from which numerous publications function as the basis for a recent project on the use of dendrometer data in alpine ecosystem studies.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42359988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The use of malacological analysis in studies on anthropogenic transformations in microhabitats: an example from the Cracow region, southern Poland 利用软化学分析研究微生境的人为变化：以波兰南部克拉考地区为例

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.02

W. Alexandrowicz

{"title":"The use of malacological analysis in studies on anthropogenic transformations in microhabitats: an example from the Cracow region, southern Poland","authors":"W. Alexandrowicz","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study is dedicated to the assessment of the scope and degree of anthropopressure, and the dependence of its intensity on the characteristics and nature of micro-environments. The research was based on the subfossil remains of molluscs. Eleven profiles of Late Holocene sediments in the Dulówka valley near Cracow were subjected to malacological analysis. In the upper part of the valley, there are calcareous tufas containing rich molluscan assemblages with a large share of shade-loving species. In the lower part, malacofauna dominated by open-country snails occurs in fluvial sediments. Radiocarbon dating has shown that mollusc-bearing deposits represent the last 2,000 years. The diversity of ecological features of molluscan assemblages in different parts of the valley depends on the intensity of anthropopressure. In the upper part, natural forest communities have survived to the present day, and anthropopressure has only been marked to a limited extent. The lower section has undergone a major transformation, mainly due to deforestation and the development of agricultural areas. Unfavorable terrain conditions for the human economy should be considered the major cause of the low anthropopressure intensity in the upper part of the valley. The malacological analysis used in the study allowed showing a significant diversity of microhabitats within the valley and its uneven susceptibility to human interference in natural processes.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"75 1","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Compatibility of family and work: how do families in the Ruhr region/Germany deal with mobility-related challenges? 家庭和工作的兼容性:鲁尔地区/德国的家庭如何应对与流动性相关的挑战?

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.01

E. Suder, C. Pfaffenbach

引用次数: 0

Integration of refugees in rural areas and the role of the receiving society: conceptual review and analytical framework 农村地区难民的融入和接收社会的作用：概念审查和分析框架

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.04

Birgit Glorius, Miriam Bürer, Hanne Schneider

引用次数: 8

Book review: Markus Krajewski and Rhea Tamara Hoffmann (eds.): Research Handbook on Foreign Direct Investment 书评：Markus Krajewski和Rhea Tamara Hoffmann（编辑）：《外国直接投资研究手册》

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.06

F. Thiel

引用次数: 1

Third places and educational justice: public libraries in the context of COVID-19 第三地与教育公正：新冠肺炎背景下的公共图书馆

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2021.01.03

Katja Thiele, B. Klagge

引用次数: 2

Charcoal producers and the pandemic: effects of COVID-19 in Pokot Central, Kenya 木炭生产商和大流行:COVID-19对肯尼亚中部波科特的影响

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2021.02.04

M. Petersen, Chebet N. Kamurio, Chepkemoi D. Kortom, M. Nüsser

{"title":"Charcoal producers and the pandemic: effects of COVID-19 in Pokot Central, Kenya","authors":"M. Petersen, Chebet N. Kamurio, Chepkemoi D. Kortom, M. Nüsser","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2021.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2021.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"When the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, public health measures were implemented globally. Early on, concerns grew that lockdowns and travel restrictions could have severe consequences, especially for marginalized communities in the Global South. In Sub-Saharan Africa, wood charcoal is not only an important cooking fuel, but provides income for many rural households. Despite its economic value, the charcoal sector is, however, largely unregulated and viewed exclusively as an environmentally damaging industry by policy makers and the public who make it responsible for large-scale deforestation. The present study employs a sustainable livelihood framework to assess the ability of charcoal producers in northwestern Kenya, to cope with a short-term shock such as the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures. It furthermore compares their access to health information to that of non-producers. A street survey of 139 respondents allowed to gain rapid insights into the realities of a group not accessible via online or telephone surveys. The results show that 87% of charcoal producers face severe decline of this economic practice because of limited market access. These losses cause them food insecurities, while non-charcoal producers are more worried about social consequences of the restrictions. Though charcoal producers and non-producers feel equally well informed about the pandemic, producers are less likely to access reliable information channels than non-producers, resulting in an uneven distribution of health information across the community. By investigating the response of producers to an external shock and limited market access this study adds to the understanding of local vulnerabilities and the sustainability of rural livelihood strategies. This research argues for inclusive policy response to ensure consideration of the informal sector in crisis response as well as to provide adequate and low-threshold access to health information.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69591670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2