Erdkunde最新文献_第10页

Effect of diversified performance metrics and climate model weighting on global and regional trend patterns of precipitation and temperature 不同性能指标和气候模式加权对全球和区域降水和温度趋势格局的影响

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-11-29 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.04

Christoph Ring, F. Pollinger, Luzia Keupp, Irena Kaspar‐Ott, E. Hertig, J. Jacobeit, H. Paeth

{"title":"Effect of diversified performance metrics and climate model weighting on global and regional trend patterns of precipitation and temperature","authors":"Christoph Ring, F. Pollinger, Luzia Keupp, Irena Kaspar‐Ott, E. Hertig, J. Jacobeit, H. Paeth","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : A main task of climate research is to provide estimates about future climate change under global warming conditions. The main tools for this are dynamic climate models. However, different models vary quantitatively - and in some aspects even qualitatively - in the climate change signals they produce. In this study, this uncertainty about future climate is tackled by the evaluation of climate models in a standardized setup of multiple regions and variables based on four sophisticated metrics. Weighting models based on their performance will help to increase the confidence in climate model projections. Global and regional climate models are evaluated for 50-year trends of simulated seasonal precipita - tion and temperature. The results of these evaluations are compared, and their impact on probabilistic projections of precipitation and temperature when used as bases of weighting factors is analyzed. This study is performed on two spatial scales: seven globally distributed large study areas and eight sub-regions of the Mediterranean area. Altogether, over 62 global climate models with 159 transient simulations for precipitation and 119 for temperature from four emissions sce - narios are evaluated against the ERA -20C reanalysis. The results indicate large agreement between three out of four met - rics. The fourth one addresses a new climate model characteristic that shows no correlation to any other ranking. Overall, especially temperature shows a high agreement to the reference data set while precipitation offers better potential for weighting. Because of the differences being rather small, the metrics are better suited for performance rankings than as weighting factors. Finally, there is conformity with previous model evaluation studies: both the model performance and the implications of weighting for probabilistic climate projections strictly depend","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41750661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Geographical proximity vs network tie: innovation of equipment manufacturing firms in Shanghai, China 地理邻近与网络联系：中国上海装备制造企业的创新

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.03

Lanqing. Lin, Fenglong Wang

引用次数: 6

Advancing the structured analysis of regional innovation in China. Integrating new perspectives in a comprehensive approach. 推进中国区域创新的结构化分析。将新观点纳入综合方法。

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.02

Ingo Liefner, H. Kroll

{"title":"Advancing the structured analysis of regional innovation in China. Integrating new perspectives in a comprehensive approach.","authors":"Ingo Liefner, H. Kroll","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Acknowledging the obvious diversity in development trajectories of Chinese regions, this paper seeks to address the prevalent lack of complexity in comparative studies on that country’s regional innovation systems and innovation outcomes. It argues that the prevalent dichotomy between rich yet idiosyncratic case studies and one-dimensional quantitative benchmarking of 'technological capacities' limits the explanatory and predictive power of existing research. Against this background, it suggests a structuring heuristic that compiles different perspectives of analysis which earlier studies have identified as important. It emphasizes, firstly, that opportunities for innovation in regional settings are not only shaped by the regional technology base, but also triggered by (latent) demand and access to users. Additionally, the actual manifestation of opportunities is contingent on local stakeholder agency and the shared perceptions and cognitive frames (mindsets) that shape it. This paper states, secondly, that these regional characteristics determine the types of innovation produced. To demonstrate this as well as how this approach can indeed provide additional insights, the authors perform structured literature reviews using the proposed multi-perspective framework.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43804195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Retrospect and prospect of research into China’s equipment manufacturing innovation network. Introduction to the theme issue. 中国装备制造创新网络研究的回顾与展望。主题问题介绍。

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.01

G. Zeng, Ingo Liefner

引用次数: 0

Regional differences in population aging in Europe viewed through prospective indicators 从前瞻性指标看欧洲人口老龄化的区域差异

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.06

L. Šídlo, B. Šprocha, Michaela Klapková

{"title":"Regional differences in population aging in Europe viewed through prospective indicators","authors":"L. Šídlo, B. Šprocha, Michaela Klapková","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic aging has been one of the most discussed aspects of population development in recent decades. Complex changes in reproductive behaviour and their impact on both age structure and future population development are often the source of concerns about the stability of socioeconomic systems (e.g. pension systems, healthcare and the labour market). Frequently reinforced by the development and use of standard demographic aging indicators and comparisons over time and space and/or between populations, this one-sided view is problematic given significant changes in population mortality and health. Population aging has moreover traditionally been analysed in relation to national and regional differences, with specificities frequently being overlooked. Using new methods for analysing demographic aging based on prospective age, which accounts for changes in life expectancy over time and therefore more accurately captures demographic aging, we attempt to identify the main spatial patterns of regional differentiation in aging in Europe (at the NUTS2 level). We also attempt to create a typology of Europe’s regions using the main aging indicators and thereby identify the areas most affected by demographic aging.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49394614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The evolution of cross-border M&As and innovation strategies: evidence from Chinese construction machinery firms 跨国并购的演变与创新战略——来自中国工程机械企业的证据

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.05

G. Lyu, Ingo Liefner, Daniel Schiller

引用次数: 2

Spatial differentiation of China’s industrial enterprise R&D efficiency 中国工业企业研发效率的空间分化

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.04

Chengyun Wang, Yue Wang, Nana Li, Tengfei Ma

{"title":"Spatial differentiation of China’s industrial enterprise R&D efficiency","authors":"Chengyun Wang, Yue Wang, Nana Li, Tengfei Ma","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Technology innovation is a key factor of international competitiveness and promotion of economic growth. As a core driver of technological innovation, research and development (R&D) activity has a direct impact on a nation’s level of innovation. Therefore, many countries attempt to strengthen innovation outcomes by increasing expenditure on R&D. However, there is not a simple linear relation between R&D activity and outcomes, and many authors take R&D efficiency as the key indicator of a company or region’s capability to innovate. China’s spending on R&D has accelerated in recent years, reaching 1.97 trillion yuan (about $286 billion) in 2018, ranking second in the world. This paper focus on discussing the R&D efficiency of China’s industrial enterprises. R&D efficiency refers to the conversion efficiency between input and output of all factors in the R&D process, reflecting the contribution of R&D input to R&D output or the allocation efficiency of R&D resources. Due to different levels of regional development, there are also different levels of R&D performance across these regions. The R&D capabilities of enterprises show significant variation across regions. Lee and Park (2005) classifies 27 countries into four clusters based on their output-specialized R&D efficiency: inventors, merchandisers, academicians and duds, showing for example that Singapore ranks high in total efficiency while Japan demonstrates patent-oriented efficiency. Meanwhile, mainland China, South Korea, and Chinese Taiwan are found to be relatively inefficient in R&D. SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CHINA’S INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE R&D EFFICIENCY","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

International tourism and urban transformation in Old Havana 哈瓦那老城区的国际旅游与城市转型

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.01

Niklas Völkening, A. Benz, Matthias Schmidt

{"title":"International tourism and urban transformation in Old Havana","authors":"Niklas Völkening, A. Benz, Matthias Schmidt","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Cuba is currently experiencing an unprecedented boom in international tourism, and the Cuban state has actively supported tourism expansion as a strategic means to increase greatly needed foreign currency income, in order to sustain its socialist system. In Havana, Cuba’s gateway city for international tourists and – with its colonial old town bestowed with UNESCO world heritage status – one of its touristic hotspots, this tourism boom is felt most profoundly. The old town has been subject to far-reaching processes of urban restructuring, driven by state-run urban renewal projects, thereby increasing touristic influx and the gradual displacement of dwellers and resident-oriented urban functions by tourism-oriented ventures. This article provides an analysis of the recent spatio-structural urban transformation processes in Habana Vieja, highlighting particularly its interrelations with international tourism, the role of the Cuban government as a major tourism facilitator and the state-run old town restoration programme. Our analysis shows that in the context of old town restructuring in Havana, the Cuban government often favours touristic needs over those of local dwellers, albeit some of them may indeed profit from increasing touristification. Meanwhile, the government is willing to accept, at least in controlled settings, market-based developments otherwise strongly opposed by official state ideology","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44324640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Chinafication of Hollywood: Chinese consumption and the self-censorship of U.S. films through a case study of Transformers Age of Extinction 好莱坞中国化:以《变形金刚4:绝迹重生》为例分析中国对美国电影的消费和自我审查

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.02

Christopher L Lukinbeal

{"title":"The Chinafication of Hollywood: Chinese consumption and the self-censorship of U.S. films through a case study of Transformers Age of Extinction","authors":"Christopher L Lukinbeal","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"For Hollywood films, the international box office is now financially more important than the domestic market. China will soon become the world’s largest box office for Hollywood films. To gain access to the Chinese market foreign films must be approved by China’s government. Movies must not disparage Chinese culture, landmarks, or the government. Eager to comply, Hollywood producers are not waiting until they are reviewed to make changes and instead are self-censoring in advance rather than risk being denied access. In this paper, I use a representation-in-relation-to approach to cultural geography that positions a film’s text in relation to its production practices to understand the way Hollywood is remaking itself to appeal to China. The representation-in-relation-to approach takes practice seriously without jettisoning the power of representation. I apply this approach to Transformers: Age of Extinction, which through its production practices provides a case study on what trade publications are referring to as the ‘Chinafication of Hollywood.’ In an industry driven by profit, the Chinafication of Hollywood is a form of influence that further limits the creativity and uniqueness of Hollywood movies by prescribing what gets made and how it is represented. Transformers: Age of Extinction is an important cultural text, not for its narrative content, but for how its representation relates to the production practices that allowed it to become China’s largest grossing film at that time and the only billion-dollar blockbuster of 2014.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"83 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Geopolitics - Thick and Complex. A conversation with Gerard Toal 地缘政治——厚重而复杂。与杰拉德·托尔的对话

IF 1.4 4区社会学

Erdkunde Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.05

V. Bachmann, G. Toal

{"title":"Geopolitics - Thick and Complex. A conversation with Gerard Toal","authors":"V. Bachmann, G. Toal","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2019.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution centres around a conversation with Gerard Toal (Gearóid Ó Tuathail), held at Goethe-University Frankfurt on 25 October 2018 in the context of the closing events of the project AFRASO (Africa’s Asian Options) – a large interdisciplinary project, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) between 2013 and 2019. The project investigated the heterogeneous spaces of interaction between Africa and Asia and closed with a lecture series, entitled Afrasian Futures, to which Gerard Toal delivered the first lecture in October 2018. In this contribution, we address the role and evolution of critical geopolitical scholarship, focussing in particular on Toal’s latest book, Near Abroad, as well as on wider debates on (trans)regional studies and shifting geopolitical orderings, such as the ones explored as part of the AFRASO project. It starts with an introductory part in form of a brief reflection on the problematic history of and the ongoing unease with geopolitical scholarship in Germany. It then proceeds with sketching out the basic tenets and the evolution of critical geopolitics, whereby it highlights the decisive influence of Gerard Toal’s work. In the following, the three conceptual foundations of geopolitical field, culture and condition are briefly introduced, as laid out in Toal’s book Near Abroad and in the context of his call for thick analysis of geopolitical complexities. After this introductory part, the remainder of this contribution consists of a conversation with Gerard Toal.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3