{"title":"Jean Bernard Léon Foucault","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":" 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132095209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck","authors":"Opticiens Célèbres","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c025","url":null,"abstract":"• 52 • mars/avril 2011 Max Planck, de son nom de baptême Marx, naît le 23 avril 1858 à Kiel, la capitale du Länder allemand SlesvigHolsace, à la frontière avec le Danemark, dans une famille d’universitaires. Son grand-père et son arrière-grand-père paternels enseignaient la théologie à Göttingen, et son père Johann Julius Wilhelm Planck est professeur de droit constitutionnel à l’Université de Kiel. Sa mère, Emma Patzig, issue d’une famille de pasteurs, est la seconde femme de Johann. À la naissance de Max, la famille compte cinq enfants (dont deux de la première union du père avec Mathilde Voigt) et ses parents sont déjà relativement âgés. Il est élevé dans le respect des valeurs traditionnelles, et l’éducation scolaire revêt une importance particulière. Max fréquente l’école élémentaire à Kiel jusqu’en 1867, l’année du déménagement des Planck pour Münich où son père est muté. C’est un changement d’univers : Kiel est une petite ville portuaire et provinciale ; Münich est une capitale économique et culturelle, au centre d’une région lacustre et à proximité immédiate de massifs montagneux célèbres pour leurs circuits de randonnée. Le jeune Max s’y épanouit. Passionné notamment par la musique, il montre un vrai talent au piano et à l’orgue. Il entre au Maximilian Gymnasium, où il se révèle un élève studieux et régulier, à l’esprit clair et logique. Son goût pour les sciences se manifeste un peu plus tard, et se développe sous la férule de son professeur Hermann Müller.","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123271298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133622163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"William Henry Fox Talbot","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133058493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114348458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"James Clerk Maxwell","authors":"J. Clerk, J. Maxwell, J. Clerk","doi":"10.1017/s0370164600052299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0370164600052299","url":null,"abstract":"One of the best established facts in thermodynamics is that it is impossible in a system enclosed in an envelope which permits neither change of volume nor passage of heat, and in which both the temperature and the pressure are everywhere the same, to produce any inequality of temperature or of pressure without the expenditure of work. This is the second law of thermodynamics, and it is undoubtedly true as long as we can deal with bodies only in mass, and have no power of perceiving or handling the separate molecules of which they are made up. But if we conceive a being whose faculties are so sharpened that he can follow every molecule in its course, such a being, whose attributes are still as essentially finite as our own, would be able to do what is at present impossible to us. For we have seen that the molecules in a vessel full of air at uniform temperature are moving with velocities by no means uniform, though the mean velocity of any great number of them, arbitrarily selected, is almost exactly uniform. Now let us suppose that such a vessel is divided into two portions, A and B, by a division in which there is a small hole, and that a being, who can see the individual molecules, opens and closes this hole, so as to allow only the swifter molecules to pass from A to B, and only the swifter molecules to pass from A to B, and only the slower ones to pass from B to A. He will thus, without expenditure of work, raise the temperature of B and lower that of A, in contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics.","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127788836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Augustin Fresnel","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129409050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bernard Ferdinand Lyot","authors":"Riad Haidar","doi":"10.1051/PHOTON/20125717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/PHOTON/20125717","url":null,"abstract":"Astronome francais, ingenieur de talent doue d'un sens physique remarquable, Bernard Lyot est surtout connu pour avoir revolutionne l’instrumentation solaire avec l’invention du coronographe, ainsi que pour ses photographies spectroscopiques de la couronne solaire.","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"113 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114087419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PRÉFACE","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117120619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"George Biddell Airy","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1205-9.c019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119033,"journal":{"name":"Sous la lumière, les hommes","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124612038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}