Ilaria Sergi, Teodoro Montanaro, Maria Carla Gammariello, L. Patrono
{"title":"The use of Bluetooth Mesh Networking in IoT-aware Applications","authors":"Ilaria Sergi, Teodoro Montanaro, Maria Carla Gammariello, L. Patrono","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566430","url":null,"abstract":"Bluetooth is the most widely used short-range wireless technology today. It is present in many ubiquitous devices such as tablet, personal computers, smartphones, speakers, headphones, smartwatches, to name a few. It is also used as communication protocol in many medical devices and smart home devices. In addition, its unique broadcast feature makes it a leading choice in the beacon market. Bluetooth, especially the low-energy version, is also competing in the Internet of Things field where it is included in most so-called smart things. Furthermore, with the introduction of the Bluetooth Mesh standard, it has found space in even more Internet of Things products and applications. Bluetooth mesh can solve the problems of large-scale network systems, among which building automation is a good example. In this paper, the role of the Bluetooth Mesh Networking in Internet of Things applications is discussed, and an example of application of this emerging technology in the field of building automation is shown through the use of a commercial developer kit.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deterministic Theory of Aerosol Displacement Before Dehydration as Vehicle of Virus in Outdoor Infections","authors":"H. Nieto-Chaupis","doi":"10.23919/splitech52315.2021.9566452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/splitech52315.2021.9566452","url":null,"abstract":"As it is well-known aerosol is an important vehicle to transport strain of virus and produce an chain of infection among humans. Thus outdoor aerosol in conjunction to the lack of face protection is a first cause of infection by convid-19 at the ongoing pandemic. In this paper, a theory developed from deterministic grounds that might to model the dynamics of aerosol previous to its dehydration is presented. For this end some realistic assumptions that associates a concrete scenario of wind velocity and the potential events that would be cause of public infection are emphasized. The central point of this analysis is the assumption that the path that aerosol would opt at outdoor spaces is of deterministic character. Some distributions are assumed that model the trajectory of aerosol. The present analysis is done under a macroscopic view that discards physics effects in details at the aerosol aerodynamics. Essentially, attention is paid on that cases that wind velocity drives the trajectory and composition of aerosol. In this manner, results are derived entirely under a deterministic view. The obtained computational simulations derived from the designed model are in accordance with a previous work done entirely in a probabilistic framework.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"415 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131536868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mazzeo, Dilan D'Amico, P. Spagnolo, C. Distante
{"title":"Deep Learning based Eye gaze estimation and prediction","authors":"P. Mazzeo, Dilan D'Amico, P. Spagnolo, C. Distante","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566413","url":null,"abstract":"Eye gaze understanding plays a crucial role in human social interactions. The gaze has emerged as a powerful tool for many applications including health assessment, disease diagnosis, human behavior, communication analysis. Eye gaze estimation and prediction has become a very hot topic in the field of computer vision during the last decades, with a surprising and continuously growing number of application fields. In the last decade deep neural networks have revolutionized the whole machine learning area, and gaze tracking. Appearance-based models use deep convolutional networks (CNNs) to directly estimate the direction of gaze in the camera's frame of reference. This paper focuses on analyzing and investigating different CNN architectures for gaze estimation and prediction. Two tasks have been developed in this work: the gaze estimation and the gaze prediction based on previously estimated gaze-points. In the first task, several CNNs were used for finding the most accurate gaze estimation. In the second task, we predict gaze locations basing on the previously estimated gaze vectors while leveraging spatio-temporal information encoded in a previously recorded eye-images sequences. We used a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformers based on self-attention approach and use of positional encoding, in order to predict next gaze locations. Different architectures has been trained on the OPENEDS2020 public dataset which has been revisited in order to improve overall performance. We, also, propose a novel architecture composed by ResNext50 and two fully connected layer. We demonstrate that proposed architectures obtain results that in terms of angular error outperforms the state of art.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131550352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cvetković, D. Poljak, A. Kapetanović, Hrvoje Dodig
{"title":"Unit Cube Test for Double Surface Integrals in Frequency Domain Integral Equation Formulations","authors":"M. Cvetković, D. Poljak, A. Kapetanović, Hrvoje Dodig","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566347","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical solution of the frequency domain integral equation based formulations require the solution of various double surface integrals. The evaluation of such integrals depends on the distance between the source and observation points, respectively. Many typical integrals can be solved using a numerical integration or a combination of numerical and analytical approach. The paper is on the unit cube test developed for testing various combinations of double surface integrals. Several combinations of source and observation triangles are considered including the far term and near terms, respectively. The numerical solution of integral is facilitated by Gaussian quadrature utilizing the Dunavant's rules for triangles. The extensive tests are carried out to investigate the solution convergence with respect to the increasing frequency and the various utilized discretization schemes.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133921723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lea Dujić Rodić, I. Stančić, Kristina Zovko, P. Šolić
{"title":"Machine Learning as Tag Estimation Method for ALOHA-based RFID system","authors":"Lea Dujić Rodić, I. Stančić, Kristina Zovko, P. Šolić","doi":"10.23919/splitech52315.2021.9566455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/splitech52315.2021.9566455","url":null,"abstract":"Massive implementation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in different domains of IoT brought many different advantages that enhance performances in different usage scenarios. In this paper, use-case feasibility analysis of implementation of ML algorithm for estimating ALOHA-based frame size in Radio Frequncy Identification (RFID) Gen2 system is provided. The results show that the given ML algorithm can be employed on modern state-of-the-art resource constrained microcontrollers where execution time is enough to meet protocol needs, keep-up with the latency and improve system throughput.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131804081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pikkor, A. Konist, B. Maaten, Oliver Jörvik, H. Lees
{"title":"Effect of Steam Activation on Oil Shale Semi-coke Surface Properties","authors":"H. Pikkor, A. Konist, B. Maaten, Oliver Jörvik, H. Lees","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566397","url":null,"abstract":"Broadening applications of waste materials is of great importance. One such underused material is semi-coke waste from oil shale industry, which is the subject of this study. In this paper, different steam activation conditions were tested to investigate their effect on the change of surface area and pore volume of oil shale semi-coke. For steam activation, water was added to the reactor with flow rates from 1 to 6 mL/h for different time periods - from 30 to 180 minutes. The highest surface area of 60 m2/g was achieved when oil shale was heated to 700 °C at a heating rate of 7.5 °C/min in a pure N2 environment and activated with steam at a flow rate of 1 mL/h for 90 minutes. The results indicated that longer activation times promoted the development of larger meso- and macropores, resulting in the increase of total pore volume.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121112045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sadenova, M. Rakhymberdina, N. Kulenova, A. Mamysheva, Z. Assylkhanova, J. Klemeš
{"title":"The indicators of agricultural crops based on the remote sensing of the Earth (ERS)","authors":"M. Sadenova, M. Rakhymberdina, N. Kulenova, A. Mamysheva, Z. Assylkhanova, J. Klemeš","doi":"10.23919/splitech52315.2021.9566469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/splitech52315.2021.9566469","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reflects the results of studies carried out on experimental plots of a peasant farm. The vegetation index is calculated for an adequate assessment and analysis of the growth and development of a plant. Conclusions are drawn about the need for a comprehensive assessment of crop growth conditions. For a detailed assessment of the cultural condition in individual fields, it is necessary to rely on aerial photography materials from UAV, providing high detail images with a spatial resolution of 5–10 cm/pixel.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable Platform for Environmental Changes in Smart City","authors":"T. Ueda, T. Ogishi","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566381","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of human evolution, species with excellent physical and brain abilities do not survive, but only species with attributes that can adapt to the environment at each specific trend can survive. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the future smart city concept and structure, based on mechanism in human evolution. Our proposed platform consists of, 1) “the large archive which consists of many different AI models”, and 2) “various trials and update of AI models”. Then, we deploy these two functions into three hierarchy, i.e. cloud stratum, MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing) stratum and Fog stratum. And these stratums should be nationwide common open platform. Consensus buildings are performed among the tracking and learning of Cloud stratum (wider & long-term in space-time zone), MEC (medium-term in space-time zone) and Fog (narrow & short-term in space-time zone) stratums. At the same time, according to the update of the currently used model, in cloud stratum, various trials are continuously operated in parallel, as background process. New AI models and modules are created, using the gathered historical data, the existing AI models and just finished AI modules. In addition, for this creation of new models, federated learning is carried out through AI, human control/knowledge and the social world. The federation/ensemble/transfer among the followings, bring about another mechanism of Human evolution: a) The large archive which consists of many different models, b) Various trials and update of models, c) Human knowledge/Intervention, and d) Social world (trend, opinion). If the existing models and modules can't cope with the big change, then the new model, which is the federation/ensemble/transfer of AI, human professional knowledge and social under the observed ongoing trend, appear. These federation/ensemble/transfer are effective for not only the adaptation to the new trend, but also the design of future smart city.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanouil Andrianakis, G. Vougioukas, Evangelos Giannelos, Orestis Giannakopoulos, Georgios Apostolakis, Konstantinos Skyvalakis, A. Bletsas
{"title":"Drone Interrogation (and its Low-Cost Alternative) in Backscatter Environmental Sensor Networks","authors":"Emmanouil Andrianakis, G. Vougioukas, Evangelos Giannelos, Orestis Giannakopoulos, Georgios Apostolakis, Konstantinos Skyvalakis, A. Bletsas","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566340","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its ultra-low-power and low-complexity character, backscatter radio technology has been recently employed in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This work puts forth experimental study on drone (UAV)-based interrogation of a backscatter environmental WSN; the latter can measure various environmental attributes (e.g., soil moisture), assisting the farmers towards more productive and greener operation. Three backscatter radio architectures are experimentally compared: a) monostatic, where a single embedded software-defined radio (SDR) is used for illuminating the sensors, receiving and decoding the sensor-backscattered signal, b) bistatic illumination from a drone and c) bistatic illumination from a pedestrian; in the latter two architectures, a remote SDR received and processed the sensor-backscattered signals. For the specific small-scale sensor deployment, it was surprisingly found that the bistatic pedestrian illumination was roughly twice as effective compared to the bistatic drone illumination, which was again twice as effective compared to the mono static drone illumination. Safety issues relevant to low-altitude flights in the monostatic architecture were also raised. Future work will focus on larger-scale backscatter sensor deployments.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127395767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ê. R. Viana, A. S. Sousa, Ricardo de Andrade Lira Rabêlo
{"title":"Generation of Non-Isolated Radial Configuration in Distributed Power Systems","authors":"Ê. R. Viana, A. S. Sousa, Ricardo de Andrade Lira Rabêlo","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech52315.2021.9566424","url":null,"abstract":"Electric power distribution systems are often configured to operate radially and without islands. Radiance is important for the sake of improving system protection. Also, for legal reasons, distribution systems should not operate with islands. In this work, we present a procedure for generating radial configurations. In addition, the methodology proposed in this paper is able, through switches, to detect and remove configurations with islands. Tests were carried out in several systems and, after analysis, we can verify the efficiency and robustness of the proposed methodology even for large systems.","PeriodicalId":119005,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129983340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}