Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science最新文献

{"title":"Response of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Genotypes to Soil Acidity, at Hula District, Sidama Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Ephrem Adamu Chekol","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was domesticated at about 8000 B.C. It is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia, accounting for over 60% of the food of the peoples living in the highlands of Ethiopia. Soil acidity is expanding in its scope, about 43 % out of the total cultivated land in Ethiopia, is dominated with acidic soil, as a sensitive highland crop, barley productivity is decreasing due to soil acidity and in areas where the problem is severe the crop is going out of production. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with the objective of performance comparison and screening of soil acidity-tolerant barley genotypes. The treatments consisted of two lime levels (with and without lime) and ten barley genotypes making up a total of 20 treatments laid out in a completely randomized design with six replications. Crop phenology, growth parameters, yield and yield components were evaluated. Primary root length, lateral root length, lateral root number, and root dry weight were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the application of lime. Stand count at harvest, above-ground biomass, plant height, total seed number per pot, and seed number per plant were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the application of lime. Accession 215454a, has shown a greater value of relative root length measurement with 73.76 centimeter. The study revealed the impact of soil acidity could be so severe it can result to the extent of having no yield as compared to lime-treated soils. This necessitates the use of lime in areas that are prone to acidic soils. Overall, the accession that showed relative tolerance from early stage screening can be candidate for further breeding program to develop barley variety that is tolerant to acidic soils.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139630508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections Caused By S. aureus MRSA and Natural Antimicrobial Mechanisms to Reduce These Contaminants","authors":"R. Nunes, R. Assumpção, Brenda Silva de Lima, Ynis Cristine de Santana Martins Lino Ferreira","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2023.v03i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2023.v03i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The advance of S.aureus infections, strain/clone identification methods prevalent in hospitals and resistant to antimicrobials needs to be rapidly effective due to the shortage of new antimicrobial agents. Objective: of this work is to perform a literature review on the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant strains of S.aureus in circulation in Brazil. An integrative literature review was used, which allows summarizing previous research and obtaining general conclusions from them to analyze the scientific knowledge on the subject to be investigated. Methodology:The databases consulted were Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), International Health Sciences Literature (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Literature Review: dissemination in Brazil are: Brazilian epidemic clone (ST239/SCCmecIII) and the Pediatric clone (USA400), are in circulation in hospitals in Brazil, these present a genetic pattern of virulence factors (SCC mec I to IV), PVL proteins, among others, differentiated between them and the Brazilian region with more studies is the Southeast region. Conclusion: Studies are needed to provide greater knowledge about the molecular epidemiology, evolution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125093980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Physiological Parameters of Some Peanuts Varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) with Different Yields Grown in Vietnam","authors":"L. Trong, N. N. Khanh, H. Phuong","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2022.v02i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2022.v02i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the physiological parameters of some peanut varieties to find out the difference between them is one of the methods contributing to the prequalification of high-yielding varieties with good quality and good tolerance to harsh conditions and environmental disadvantages. This paper presents research results on some physiological parameters of high-yielding and low-yielding peanut varieties planted in Thanhhoa province, Vietnam. Experimental results have grouped peanut varieties according to actual yield into two groups: high-yielding group: L26, L18, and L08 (L26: 38.05 quintal/ha, L18: 35.42 quintal/ha, L08: 34.75 quintal/ha), low yielding group: L12, L23, and L14 (L12: 27.11 quintals/ha, L23: 29.92 quintals/ha, L14: 30.41 quintals/ha). The high-yielding peanut varieties showed some better physiological parameters than the low-yielding varieties, typically in photosynthetic intensity, accumulated dry matter, transpiration intensity, stomatal conductivity, leaf area, and chlorophyll content. This result is the basis for prequalifying high-yielding peanut varieties based on the difference in some physiological parameters during growth and development.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129838183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General and Specific Combining Ability of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines for Major Foliar Diseases, Grain Yield and Other Agronomic Traits Evaluated at Mid-altitude Agroecology of Ethiopia","authors":"L. Yadesa, Debela Diro, Zelalem Tafa","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Despite the fact that maize is a crucial cereal crop for food security, several foliar diseases are the main threats and limitations maize production in Ethiopia, resulting in low yields, particularly quality protein maize (QPM). Accordingly, national maize research program of Ethiopia has released QPM maize varieties adapted to the mid-altitude, low moisture stress and highland agro-ecologies of the country. Nonetheless, the market share of these varieties is generally small due to these reason and other features that have limited their adoption by farmers. General and specific combining ability analysis is one of the powerful instruments in identifying the best combiners that may be used in crosses to accumulate biotic resistance and productive alleles. A line x tester analysis involving 36 crosses generated by crossing 9 selected maize inbred lines with 4 testers were evaluated for different desirable agronomic traits during 2019/2020 main season at Bako and Jimma. The purpose of the experiment were to determine the GCA and SCA combining ability of QPM inbred lines, adapted to mid altitude agroecology of Ethiopia for grain yield and major foliar diseases. The crosses were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated 3 times. For analysis of days to silking interval, days to maturity, turcicum leaf blight, grey leaf spot, common rust disease severity index, and grain yield were recorded. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for almost all the traits studied. GCA mean squares due to lines and testers were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) for most studied traits. SCA mean squares were also significant for most attributes and major foliar maize diseases across locations. The comparative importance of GCA and SCA variances observed in the current study for most studied traits. Inbred lines L1, L2, L5 and L8 exhibited negative and highly significant GCA effects for husk cover. From this conduct it can be decided that better performing hybrids, inbred lines with desirable GCA and cross combinations with desirable SCA effects for grain yield, major foliar maize diseases and other traits were successfully identified.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124293818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Crude Palm Oil Quality Marketed at Yaounde– Cameroon","authors":"L. B. Constant, Ngalle-Bille Hermine, Miwanang Paul Rodrigue, Nyouma Achille, N. Godswill, Bell Joseph Martin","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study was aimed at the assessment of the food quality parameters of crude palm oil (CPO) sold on the major markets of Yaounde city. Information on the origin of the crude palm oil sold therein was gathered from 56 wholesalers, that is eight per market. Twenty one (21) samples were gathered for the purpose of this survey, which is 3 per market depending on the main sources for the analysis of food quality parameters, namely acidity, peroxide value, water content and the potential hydrogen (pH). The results show that the CPO sold in Yaounde markets comes mainly from smallholders sector in Bassa communities and also from SAFACAM of Dizangue industrial sector. As regards food quality, the peroxide value, which was below the maximum level of 10 meq O2/kg, showed no significant difference between the various sources. The pH varies between 4.00 and 4.50 while water content and acidity vary from 0.10 to 1.13% and from 2.56 to 12.16% respectively. Based on these results, the food quality of the CPO samples assessed were of low food quality. CPO from the Dizangue plant proved to be of low quality despite its mechanised production system. These results further show that inappropriate ways of transportation and storage are the cause of the deterioration of the palm oil from the Dizangue plants.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127080638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal Potential of Conidia Suspension of Aspergillus flavus against Anopheles Mosquitoes","authors":"A. Suleiman, Abba Nasidi, K. Bello, M. Muktar, Nasir Sirajo Sadi, Mustapha Omenesa Idris, Salawudeen Shuaibu Omeiza, Abdullahi Hassan Amoto, A. Imam","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the larvicidal potential of the conidia suspension of Aspergillus flavus against Anopheles mosquitoes. Method: Aspergillus flavus was isolated from soil using soil suspension procedures and was identified using morphological characteristics. Bioassay was performed to determine the efficacy of Aspergillus flavus conidial suspension against early 4th instar larvae of Anopheles mosquito using WHO-2005 protocol with slight modifications. Results: Four different concentration of conidial suspension; 3.3×106, 3.3×105, 3.3×104 and 3.3×103 conidia/ml were tested, and the results show that; mortality increases with increase in conidial concentration and exposure time. Conclusion: These results indicated that Aspergillis flavus conidia suspension are pathogenic to immature stage of Anopheles mosquito and could be suggested as a biological control for mosquito management.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Participatory Selection of Newly Released Variety for Tef Growing Areas of Benishangul Gumuz Region","authors":"Tesfaye Mitiku, Misgana Marga, Desta Bekele","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Tef Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) r) is a panicle bearing C4 self-pollinated cereal that originated and diversified in Ethiopia. Urbanization displaces the major tef production belts of the country resulting a serious threat to this an income-generating preferred endemic grain and emerging global commodity. Tef should now expand its horizons to all suited agro-ecologies and poise the country to take advantage of the emerging global opportunities. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the best performing improved tef variety/es and advances the outstanding and tef variety/ies via participatory variety selection to large scale demonstration by incorporating farmers’ selection criteria. To strengthen the partnership of tef growers in order to enhance adoption levels and reduce limited technology outreaching. The trial was composed of 12 newly released tef variety including one standard check and one local check. As results of combined analysis of the two year data indicated that there was high (p≤0.01) significant difference among most of the varieties at variable traits. Accordingly; 50% heading, 95% maturity, Plant height, panicle length, grain yields exhibit significant difference indicates the presence of large genetic variation among the genotypes and further improvement through simple selection is possible; whereas lodging index and shoot biomass were non-significant indicating no genetic variability between genotypes in these two traits which insures further improvement of the varieties with this traits is limited success. Thus; DZ-Cr-429 (Neguse) 1335.9 (kg/ha), Areka-1 1257.1 (kg/ha), and Quncho 1071.3 (kg/ha) revealed the highest grain yield. Farmers’ visual selection of the varieties based on grain yield, white seed color, panicle length, low loading index, and high shoot biomass and plant height was practiced. Thus; farmers’ selected DZ-Cr-429 (Neguse) 65 total scores, Quncho 52 total scores and Areka-1 39 scores respectively with rank of one to third as overall preference of the farmers. The three varieties DZ-Cr-429 (Neguse), Quncho and Areka-1 were recommended in that DZ-Cr-429 (Neguse), and Areka-1 on the yield advantage of the varieties and Quncho for the honor of farmer’s preference by common discation and similar consensus based on the results of field experiment and farmers preference.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115617999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Sulphur Fertilizer Application to Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Yield and Quality in Kulumsa, Arsi, Ethiopia","authors":"Almaz Admasu Terefie","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A field study was conducted during 2013/14 cropping season with the objectives of to study the response of bread wheat to different rates of sulfur fertilizer, to study the effect of Sulphur fertilization on yield and quality of protein of bread wheat and to suggest some recommendations about the optimal rates of sulfur fertilizer application for bread wheat as well as for further sulfur research works. The treatments applied as one factor of six levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60,80 and 100 kg S ha-1 . The treatments were replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The experiment was carried out at the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center on clay textured soil. Data were collected and statistical analysis was done on various characters of the crop. Soil Samples were also taken before and after the implementation of the experiment and chemically analyzed. The analysis of variance for the results of the study revealed among yield and Quality parameters of wheat; Thousand Grains Weight, Grain protein content and wet Gluten were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by rates of S. In addition to Grain yield and Hectoliter Weight were highly significant (p≤0.01) by rates of S. Average over S treatments, each S level brought about significant increase in grain yield and protein over no S. Accordingly, 60 kg S ha-1 further increased yields significantly over control (no N), followed by 40,20, kg S ha-1. Application of 60 kg S/ha increased the grain yield of wheat by 12.64%, 11.39%, 6.44% and 2.52% respectively when compared with the no S application and increased protein contents of wheat by 2.94%, 1.77%, 1.42% and 1.36% respectively when compared with the no S application. However, more systematic investigation should be made based on the detailed analysis of soil fertility, crop characteristics and economic feasibility of recommended treatments in different principal bread wheat growing areas of Ethiopia in order to reach a sound conclusion and recommendation.","PeriodicalId":118930,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133796000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}