European Journal of Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"The evolving landscape of thyroid eye disease: present and future.","authors":"David Toro-Tobon, Marius N Stan","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf156","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex ocular autoimmune disorder primarily associated with Graves' disease. It leads to significant morbidity due to orbital inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue expansion. While corticosteroids have been the traditional mainstay of therapy, recent advancements in understanding TED pathophysiology have driven the development of targeted treatments. Notably, inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor with teprotumumab has revolutionized TED management, demonstrating efficacy in reducing proptosis and disease severity. Additional emerging therapies, including neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor blockers, and interleukin-6 receptor antagonists, offer promising alternatives for patients with active and refractory disease. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in disease classification and outcome assessment. As the landscape of TED management continues to evolve, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapies for TED, critically examines gaps in disease evaluation, and highlights the evolving paradigm of patient-centered care. Future efforts should focus on optimizing therapeutic algorithms, refining risk stratification models, guiding personalized treatment, and promoting a multidisciplinary approach, which remain essential in improving outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"R15-R24"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External validation of the S-GRAS score for predicting recurrence in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma: implications for adjuvant mitotane therapy.","authors":"Paula Jimenez-Fonseca, Cristina Álvarez-Escola, Inmaculada Ballester Navarro, Jorge Hernando Cubero, Laura González Fernández, Miguel Ángel Mangas Cruz, Clara Iglesias, Jesús García-Donas, María José Picón, Miguel Paja, Lorena González Batanero, Lourdes García, Javier Molina, Raquel Jimeno Maté, Javier Aller, María Del Castillo Tous Romero, Jersy Cardenas Salas, Gala Gutiérrez-Buey, Nerea Egaña Zunzunegui, Miguel Navarro, María José Lecumberri, Nuria Valdés, Alberto Carmona-Bayonas","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf171","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with variable outcomes post-adrenalectomy. The S-GRAS score integrates 5 clinical and pathological factors to predict prognosis but requires external validation in diverse settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We validated the S-GRAS score in 138 ACC patients from the Spanish ICARO-GETTHI/SEEN registry (1998-2023). Model performance was assessed using discrimination, calibration, and accuracy. Exploratory refinements included non-linear modeling of age and Ki-67% and an expanded model incorporating venous invasion and tumor size. Cox models examined the interaction between S-GRAS and adjuvant mitotane.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 76 recurrence events were recorded. The S-GRAS score demonstrated good discrimination for overall survival (C-index 0.706, 95% CI, 0.628-0.785) and recurrence-free survival (C-index 0.673, 95% CI, 0.601-0.745) with well-calibrated predictions. Five-year survival rates differed significantly across score groups: 100% for scores 0-1, 81.6% for 2-3, 55% for 4-5, and 33.8% for 6-7. Non-linear modeling of Ki-67% improved performance (C-index 0.738 for RFS, 0.761 for OS), but adding clinical variables offered minimal benefit, leaving 75% of recurrence variability unexplained. Higher S-GRAS scores correlated with increased mitotane benefit (HR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.34-0.97 for score 4; HR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.23-0.94 for score 5), indicating a potential incremental benefit pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings validate the S-GRAS score in a multicenter cohort and support its use in identifying candidates for adjuvant mitotane. Non-linear modeling of Ki-67% enhances predictive precision without increasing complexity, but the performance plateau of clinical variables suggests that integrating molecular biomarkers may be necessary to improve prognostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"320-328"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based classification of adrenal tumors using clinical, hormonal, and body composition data.","authors":"Seung Shin Park, Jongsung Noh, Jinhee Kim, Taesung Kim, Hae Jin Seo, Chang Ho Ahn, Jaegul Choo, Man Ho Choi, Jung Hee Kim","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf145","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of adrenal tumors, including mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), adrenal Cushing's syndrome (ACS), primary aldosteronism (PA), pheochromocytoma (PCC), and nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas (NFAs), is crucial but challenging. We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML)-based single-step diagnostic method for differentiating adrenal tumors by integrating clinical data, serum adrenal hormone profiles (SAPs), and body composition data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 641 patients with adrenal tumors (MACS = 141, ACS = 64, PA = 265, PCC = 78, and NFA = 93), excluding adrenal metastases and adrenocortical carcinoma, were enrolled from Seoul National University Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into training and test cohorts at a 4:1 ratio. The ML models were developed to differentiate adrenal tumors using 32 clinical data points, 49 SAP markers, and 15 body composition data points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best-performing ML model for differentiating all 5 adrenal tumors achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.78, sensitivity of 0.77, specificity of 0.93, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89. To distinguish MACS, ACS, PA, and PCC from NFA, the accuracies were 0.85, 0.94, 0.78, and 0.86, with AUCs of 0.96, 0.99, 0.90, and 0.94, respectively. The ML model differentiating between NFA and the other functioning adrenal tumors exhibited an accuracy of 0.75 and an AUC of 0.79. The SAP features were identified as the most critical for differentiation, whereas body composition data contributed only minimally.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ML model demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating adrenal tumor subtypes by integrating clinical data, body composition, and SAP, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures and aiding clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of genetics in the age-related testosterone decline in men: a UK Biobank study.","authors":"Lynn Ogoniak, Sarah Sandmann, Julian Varghese, Michael J Ziller, Nina Neuhaus, Alexander Siegfried Busch","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Age-related decline in circulating testosterone (T) levels in men varies significantly and is often linked to comorbidities such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the genetic basis of T levels is well studied, the role of genetics in age-related T decline remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the genetic contribution to age-related T decline in men and its association with comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A longitudinal, population-based study in 6354 men including consecutive T, bioavailable testosterone (BAT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the association of longitudinal serum biomarker changes with changes in disease prevalences and a polygenic score (PGS) for BAT developed in 183 909 UK Biobank participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the follow-up cohort (mean age: 58.2 years; mean follow-up: 4.3 years), baseline levels of BAT, T, and SHBG were each negatively associated with their respective relative changes at follow-up (all P < .001). A PGS for BAT, strongly associated with baseline levels (P = 2.2 × 10-16, R²=0.16), was not associated with BAT decline over time. Genome-wide analysis of BAT change identified no significant genetic loci. Instead, the BAT decline was associated with prevalence of several comorbidities including cancers and CVD (P = .007 and .012, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-genetic factors are strongly associated with age-related BAT decline, whereas genetic predisposition may have a limited role. However, this does not rule out a potential genetic contribution. Our findings offer insight into the relationship between comorbidities and hormonal changes, supporting further research into their roles in T decline and related health risks in aging men.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"197-203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine manifestations in a paediatric cohort of 181 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.","authors":"Catarina Regala, Daniela Cavaco, Joana Maciel, Ana Figueiredo, Inês Damásio, Sara Pinheiro, João Passos, Sara Donato","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf147","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endocrine disorders in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are well established, but have been mainly described in single case reports or small series. Our aim is to characterize the endocrine manifestations of a NF1 paediatric population in a single centre.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective analysis of paediatric NF1 patients followed in the Endocrinology Department of Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Lisbon between 1997 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were identified using our centre's NF1 database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 181 patients (100 males) were included in the study. The overall prevalence of endocrinopathies was 23.2%, with a significantly higher rate in patients with optic pathway glioma (OPG) compared with those without (32.9% vs. 16.7%, P = .011). Puberty disorders were the most common endocrine dysfunction (12.2%), more frequent in children with OPG (19.2% vs. 7.4%, P = .011). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was the second most prevalent (9.9%), also more common among children with OPG (17.8% vs. 4.9%, P = .004). Less frequent abnormalities included central hypogonadism (n = 2, 1.1%), observed only in patients without OPG, and central hypothyroidism with ACTH deficiency (0.6%) in a child with panhypopituitarism. Primary hypothyroidism with thyroid nodules was identified in 1 patient (0.6%), and gynaecomastia was noted in 4 children (2.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Puberty disorders and GHD were the most frequent disorders in our cohort. This study highlights the high prevalence of different endocrine manifestations associated with NF1, even without OPG, reinforcing the need to develop referral criteria and follow-up protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of pituitary radiotherapy and their predictive factors in childhood and adolescent-onset Cushing disease.","authors":"Raghavendra Pandit, Chethan Yami Channaiah, Anurag Ranjan Lila, Manjiri Karlekar, Vijaya Sarathi, Saba Samad Memon, Rohit Barnabas, Tejpal Gupta, Nalini Shah, Tushar Bandgar","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf149","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Radiotherapy (RT) is an established second-line treatment in adult Cushing disease (CD). Data on pituitary RT in childhood and adolescent-onset CD is scarce. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and long-term safety of fractionated conformal-RT (CRT) in childhood and adolescent-onset CD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study included 34 out of 108 CD patients (<20 years at presentation) who underwent first-line, second-line (post-first transsphenoidal-surgery), or third-line (post-second transsphenoidal-surgery) CRT between 1994 and 2024, with a minimum 1-year follow-up post-CRT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 34 patients (21 males, 7 prepubertal, and 24 microadenomas) with post-CRT median follow-up of 74.5 (34.5-127.3) months were analyzed. Post-CRT, 25/34 (73.5%) patients (overall cohort) achieved remission at 16.5 (8.75-39.25) months, with remission rates of 60%, 93.8%, and 53.8% in first, second, and third-line CRT, respectively. Younger age at CD diagnosis was an independent predictor of remission (HR: 0.805, P = .02). Relapse occurred in 6/25 (24%) at 19.0 (18.3-30.3) months. Ketoconazole use predicted relapse post-CRT (P = .006). Growth hormone deficiency occurred in 17/20 (85%), and 29/34 (41.4%) patients had low insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. New-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and central hypothyroidism (CHT) occurred in 3/24 (12.5%) and 4/24 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Older age at CD diagnosis (17.5 vs. 13.0 years; P = .02) and at CRT administration (23 vs. 14 years; P = .04) predicted new-onset HH and/or CHT post-CRT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study illustrates the favorable remission rates post-CRT in childhood and adolescent CD, with lower rates of new-onset HH/CHT. Ongoing monitoring is required, as relapse can occur in one-fourth of cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rhPTH(1-84) for hypoparathyroidism: a randomized study of patient-reported outcomes.","authors":"Maria Luisa Brandi, Tamara Vokes, Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra, Olulade Ayodele, Brigitte Decallonne, Renate de Jongh, Manuel Díaz-Curiel, William Fraser, Richard D Finkelman, Ansgar Heck, Steven W Ing, Peter Kamenický, Aliya A Khan, Christopher S Kovacs, Bruno Lapauw, Graham Leese, Giovanna Mantovani, Guillermo Martínez Díaz-Guerra, Laura Masi, Miguel Melo, Andrea Palermo, Narendra L Reddy, Lars Rejnmark, Elena Tokareva, Marie-Christine Vantyghem, Suwei Wang, Mark Warren, Brian Yan","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf148","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the impact of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) [rhPTH(1-84)] compared with placebo, in combination with conventional therapy with vitamin D and/or calcium supplements, on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with symptomatic chronic hypoparathyroidism (cHypoPT).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b-4 study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03324880).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible patients with symptomatic cHypoPT were randomized to receive subcutaneous rhPTH(1-84) 25-100 µg/day or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to week 26 in Hypoparathyroidism Symptom Diary (HypoPT-SD) symptom subscale score. Key secondary endpoints were changes from baseline to week 26 in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue and in 36-item Short Form Health Survey physical component summary (SF-36v2 PCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 93 patients were randomized to receive treatment: 45 received rhPTH(1-84) and 48 received placebo. Change from baseline to week 26 in HypoPT-SD symptom subscale score was significantly greater (improved) in the rhPTH(1-84) group than in the placebo group (difference in least-squares mean changes, -0.53; 95% confidence interval, -0.90 to -0.15, P = .003). Key secondary endpoints, changes between baseline and week 26 in the FACIT-Fatigue and SF-36v2 PCS scores were also significantly greater (improved) in the rhPTH(1-84) group than in the placebo group. The safety profile of rhPTH(1-84) was consistent with previous findings, and no new safety signals were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>rhPTH(1-84) alongside conventional therapy improved symptom burden (as measured by the HypoPT-SD) and HRQoL to a greater extent than conventional therapy alone in patients with symptomatic cHypoPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Ketone supplementation acutely lowers androgen and glucose levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Nikolaj Rittig, Mai C Arlien-Søborg, Mads V Svart, Henrik H Thomsen, Kirstine Kirkegaard, Vinnie H Greve, Mette M Nielsen, Kirstine Stochholm, Marie J Ornstrup, Claus H Gravholt","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf164","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"L12-L13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate concentration is exceptionally high in seminal fluid and is linked with semen quality but not influenced by vitamin D and calcium supplementation.","authors":"Frederikke Bay Toft, Sam Kafai Yahyavi, Mads Joon Jorsal, Ida Marie Boisen, Zhihui Cui, Niels Jørgensen, Anders Juul, Rune Holt, Martin Blomberg Jensen","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the link between seminal fluid (SF) concentrations of phosphate with semen quality parameters, corresponding serum phosphate concentration, and possible influence of high-dose cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In a single-center, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (NCT01304927), 307 infertile men were assigned to receive a single dose of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) 300 000 IU initially followed by 1400 IU and 500 mg of calcium daily for 150 days or placebo. Change in SF phosphate was a predefined secondary endpoint while effect on semen parameters was the primary endpoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, SF phosphate concentration was 25-fold higher but not associated with serum phosphate concentration (median 24.0 mmol/L [IQR 17, 30] vs 0.93 mmol/L [IQR 0.83, 1.05]). Men with the highest concentration of SF phosphate (≥29 mmol/L) had fewer motile spermatozoa (AB%: median 27% [IQR 14, 39] vs 37% [IQR 17, 56]; P = .007) and morphologically normal spermatozoa (1.9% [IQR 0.8, 3.8] vs 2.5% [IQR 1.4, 6.5]; P = .014) than men having SF phosphate < 19 mmol/L. Seminal fluid concentrations of phosphate remained stable and were unaffected by vitamin D and calcium supplementation (SF phosphate in placebo median 21.4 [IQR 15.9, 28.4] vs treatment 21.1 [IQR 14.5, 29.8]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seminal fluid phosphate concentration may be of importance for reproductive function as infertile men with the lowest SF phosphate concentration had higher percentage of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa. Serum phosphate concentration was not associated with seminal phosphate levels, and cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation did not influence SF phosphate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"240-246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex steroid hormones and subclinical atherosclerosis progression.","authors":"Rongrong Chen, Lin Sheng, Xiaohan Zhang, Lanyun Xie","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"193 2","pages":"L5-L6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}