V B Boesen, T H Hansen, M Motawea, M Fleseriu, E V Varlamov, A J Han, S A Imran, V Munro, M Alenazi, W J Inder, N Lenders, R A Damilano, N L Monteserin, A G Lania, G Carosi, G Mantovani, D Hordejuk, L Min, U B Kaiser, S D Rikvold, J Krogh
{"title":"Natural history of non-functioning pituitary microadenomas: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"V B Boesen, T H Hansen, M Motawea, M Fleseriu, E V Varlamov, A J Han, S A Imran, V Munro, M Alenazi, W J Inder, N Lenders, R A Damilano, N L Monteserin, A G Lania, G Carosi, G Mantovani, D Hordejuk, L Min, U B Kaiser, S D Rikvold, J Krogh","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increased frequency of neuroimaging has led to enhanced identification of small non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) leading, in many cases, to extensive follow-up. However, the value of ongoing monitoring of these incidental lesions remains unclear.The study aims to determine the need for surgical intervention and assess the risks of developing new endocrinopathies during follow-up in patients with conservatively treated micro-NFPAs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a bibliographical search of PubMed and EMBASE to identify relevant studies. Authors of eligible studies were invited to share individual participant data.Cohort studies including patients with conservatively treated micro-NFPAs with at least one follow-up MRI were considered eligible.Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Six authors provided individual participant data (N=647). Data were re-analyzed for verification. In cases of discrepancies the original authors were contacted for authentication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Risk estimates were reported as number of events per 100 person-years (PYs). Estimates were pooled using the two-step approach. Overall probability of surgery was 0.2/100PYs (95%CI: 0.0 to 0.4; I2=28%). Probability of surgery due to visual impairment was 0.1/100PYs (95%CI: 0.0 to 0.2; I2=0%). Both were independent of baseline tumor size (≥6 mm or <6 mm), sex, or age (p-values>0.40). Risk of developing a new endocrinopathy was 1.0/100PYs (95%CI: 0.4 to 1.6; I2=0%).Data for classical meta-analysis were available for 7 studies (N=1089) and supported the individual participant data results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest that routine follow-up of micro-NFPAs can be reduced significantly and that available guidelines should be revisited.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Charles Nicolas, Sabrina J P Huwart, Dorothea Ziemens, Oscar Freire-Agulleiro, Thomas H Lee, Virginie Mattot, Carmelo Quarta
{"title":"New routes to the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: the extracellular space.","authors":"Jean Charles Nicolas, Sabrina J P Huwart, Dorothea Ziemens, Oscar Freire-Agulleiro, Thomas H Lee, Virginie Mattot, Carmelo Quarta","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neuroendocrine hypothalamus integrates peripheral nutritional and hormonal cues to regulate essential physiological processes, including appetite, metabolism and reproduction. While the mechanisms by which hormones traverse the blood-brain barrier to access the hypothalamic parenchyma are well characterised, how these signals subsequently diffuse and distribute within the brain's extracellular space and matrix remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence implicates specialised components of the extracellular matrix, such as perineuronal nets (PNNs), in modulating hormonal and nutrient bioavailability, as well as neuronal excitability and plasticity. In the hypothalamus, extracellular matrix components are highly dynamic and respond to nutritional and hormonal cues. In preclinical models of metabolic disorders involving the neuroendocrine system - such as obesity and type 2 diabetes - these components undergo maladaptive remodelling. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of how the extracellular environment shapes neuroendocrine signalling in the hypothalamus, and explores the broader implications for systemic hormonal regulation and neuroendocrine disease pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Artiles Medina, Victoria Gómez Dos Santos, César Mínguez Ojeda, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Joaquín Gómez-Ramírez, Enrique Mercader, Felicia A Hanzu, Leire Zarain, Óscar Vidal, Alfonso Muriel, Marta Araujo-Castro
{"title":"The role of adrenal-sparing surgery in the management of aldosterone-producing adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alberto Artiles Medina, Victoria Gómez Dos Santos, César Mínguez Ojeda, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Joaquín Gómez-Ramírez, Enrique Mercader, Felicia A Hanzu, Leire Zarain, Óscar Vidal, Alfonso Muriel, Marta Araujo-Castro","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf180","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The indication for laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy (LPA) in patients with primary aldosteronism due to aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the functional and surgical outcomes of LPA in this context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE and Embase were searched until May 2024. Biochemical and clinical outcomes were defined according to the PASO criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3515 articles were initially identified, and eventually 20 studies (8 comparative and 12 single-arm) were included. The pooled biochemical success and clinical response rates (hypertension improvement) were estimated to be 100% (95% CI 99-100) and 91% (95% CI 48-99), respectively. The postoperative complication risk was very low (1%, 95% CI 0-4). The pooled recurrence risk was 0% (95% CI 0-1) over a mean follow-up of 25.9 months (range: 12-39 months). Eight comparative studies were combined in quantitative analyses. The biochemical success (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.38-1.72), clinical cure (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.77-1.50), recurrence (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.25-9.77), and need for steroid supplementation (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.27-3.44) rates were similar between LPA and total adrenalectomy groups. Notwithstanding, LPA had a lower postoperative complication risk than total adrenalectomy (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.82).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our systematic review underscores that LPA for treating APA has similar functional outcomes in terms of biochemical success and clinical response compared with total adrenalectomy, with fewer complications. However, given the observational nature of the currently available studies and the heterogeneity among them in the study population and surgical outcomes definitions, a clinical trial should be conducted to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"S36-S52"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wogud Ben Said, Ioannis G Lempesis, Silvia Fernandez-Garcia, Shakila Thangaratinam, Wiebke Arlt, Jan Idkowiak
{"title":"Premature adrenarche and metabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wogud Ben Said, Ioannis G Lempesis, Silvia Fernandez-Garcia, Shakila Thangaratinam, Wiebke Arlt, Jan Idkowiak","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Premature adrenarche (PA), characterised by pre-pubertal adrenal androgen excess and hyperandrogenic symptoms, is considered a forerunner of polycystic ovary syndrome, which comes with increased metabolic risk. Here, we aimed to systematically evaluate the evidence on surrogate parameters of metabolic risk in children with PA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched major databases (1990-March 2025) for studies on PA in children analysing body composition and markers of glucose and lipid metabolism. Two reviewers independently selected studies, collected data, and appraised study quality. Results were standardised, tabulated, and pooled for meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five case-control studies reported on 694 children with PA and 567 healthy controls (boys and girls). Height standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, and body mass index SDS were significantly higher in PA than in controls. Children with PA also presented with higher fasting insulin (FI) levels than controls (MD: 15.04, 95% CI: 5.27-24.81 pmol/L; I2 = 91%). These findings persisted after sensitivity analysis for gender and risk of bias assessment. Other markers of metabolic risk, such as fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, mean serum glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test, and fasting lipids, did not differ between children with PA and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with PA are taller, heavier, and have higher FI levels than their healthy peers at presentation. We observed significant heterogeneity of reported outcomes with generally small participant numbers in the included studies. Large-scale studies with comprehensive, unified assessment and long-term follow-up are needed to explore the extent of metabolic dysfunction that may develop over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"193 3","pages":"S1-S14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng-Hsuan Tsai, Stefanie Parisien-La Salle, Jenifer M Brown, Andrew Newman, Chin-Chen Chang, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Anand Vaidya
{"title":"Discordance and shortcomings of aldosterone suppression tests in primary aldosteronism.","authors":"Cheng-Hsuan Tsai, Stefanie Parisien-La Salle, Jenifer M Brown, Andrew Newman, Chin-Chen Chang, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Anand Vaidya","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf170","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The saline suppression test (SST) and the captopril challenge test (CCT) have traditionally been used to confirm or exclude primary aldosteronism (PA). New guidelines recommend using these tests to predict the likelihood of unilateral PA. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy, consistency, and clinical implications of these tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 531 patients with high-probability features of PA who underwent both SST and CCT to evaluate their accuracy and ability to predict unilateral PA. Adrenal lateralization and surgical treatment decisions were guided by individualized clinical judgment rather than strictly relying on SST/CCT results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of PA diagnosis ranged from 47.8% to 97.2% based on SST and CCT criteria. Discordance rates between SST and CCT ranged from 10.9% to 51.6%. In analyses restricted to only patients with clinically overt PA, where suppression testing is not considered necessary, the positivity rates of the SST and CCT were still suboptimal and test discordance persisted. Among patients with lateralizing PA, 6.6% to 27.9% had either a negative SST or CCT interpretation, and among those who achieved Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome-defined biochemical cure after unilateral adrenalectomy, 4.1% to 39.8% had either a negative SST or CCT, and up to 5.1% had false-negative results on both tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Well-established aldosterone suppression tests for PA demonstrated substantial inconsistency, false-negative interpretations, and the inability to reliably predict lateralization outcomes in PA. Aldosterone suppression testing, using SST and CCT, lack accuracy for the diagnosis and subtyping of PA in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"348-358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endocrine effects of long-term calcineurin inhibitor use in solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"Talia Diker Cohen, Idit Dotan, Bronya Calvarysky, Eyal Robenshtok","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) ciclosporin and tacrolimus are cornerstone immunosuppressants in solid organ transplantation, yet calcineurin blockade in endocrine tissues produces characteristic metabolic sequelae. This review synthesizes evidence on CNI-related disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, mineral balance, bone, and neuroendocrine axes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Calcineurin inhibitors precipitate post-transplant diabetes mellitus by blunting β-cell insulin release and augmenting insulin resistance; tacrolimus is consistently more diabetogenic than ciclosporin. Weight gain and atherogenic dyslipidemia are common. Both agents accelerate trabecular bone loss via osteoclast activation, significantly increasing early fracture risk. Calcineurin blockade downregulates TRPM6/7 channels and aldosterone synthase, causing chronic hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemic type IV-like renal tubular acidosis, and fludrocortisone-responsive hypoaldosteronism. Adrenal insufficiency is uncommon but requires vigilance during acute illness or steroid withdrawal. Gonadal dysfunction is mild and reversible. Ciclosporin-associated hypertrichosis is well-established, and tacrolimus-induced alopecia was reported. Thyroid impact is negligible. Sleep disturbances can occur. A pragmatic monitoring algorithm integrating biochemical panels, bone densitometry, and stress-responsive adrenal testing enables early detection. Therapeutic strategies include magnesium repletion, early antiresorptive therapy, judicious CNI minimization, fludrocortisone for refractory hyperkalemia, and use of cardio-renal-protective antidiabetic agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Because CNI-related endocrine toxicities are common yet modifiable, routine multidisciplinary endocrinology involvement should be standard transplant care. Prospective registry studies should validate these algorithms and quantify long-term benefits for graft and patient survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"R1-R16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabrice Bonnet, Patricia Vaduva, Beverley Balkau, Thibaud Genet, Jean Baptiste de Freminville, Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau, Laurent Fauchier
{"title":"Testosterone therapy and the risk of atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular events in cis men with hypogonadism and trans men.","authors":"Fabrice Bonnet, Patricia Vaduva, Beverley Balkau, Thibaud Genet, Jean Baptiste de Freminville, Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau, Laurent Fauchier","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf183","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While the cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy in men remains controversial, limited data exist for trans men treated with testosterone. We assessed cardiovascular events, mortality, and suicide attempts under testosterone therapy in both cis men with hypogonadism and trans men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from the TriNetX Research network. We compared 117 908 cis men with hypogonadism treated with testosterone with 1:1 propensity score matched cis men not treated. We compared 6251 trans men treated with 6251 trans men not treated with testosterone and 6986 trans men treated to 6986 cis men not treated with testosterone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 5 years of follow-up, cis men with testosterone therapy had a lower risk of myocardial infarction (HR [hazard ratio]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.89-0.99], P = .01) with no difference for stroke or mortality, but higher risks of atrial fibrillation (1.27 [1.22-1.32], P < .0001) and acute pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis (1.26 [1.18-1.34], P < .0001). Trans men treated with testosterone had no significant increase in the rate of cardiovascular outcomes as compared to both untreated trans and cis men. There was a lower rate of suicide attempts for trans men treated with testosterone as compared to untreated trans men (0.52 [0.35-0.78], P = .001), without significant differences when compared to untreated cis men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Testosterone treatment in cis men with hypogonadism was associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction but a higher risk of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Testosterone therapy in trans men was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events when compared to untreated trans men or cis men.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"374-382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashley J Han, Sara J Achenbach, Elizabeth J Atkinson, Irina Bancos
{"title":"Identifying factors associated with subsequent diagnosis of adrenal adenoma: a population-based historical case-control study.","authors":"Ashley J Han, Sara J Achenbach, Elizabeth J Atkinson, Irina Bancos","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf184","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to identify social/metabolic risk factors associated with subsequent diagnosis of adrenal adenoma.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The design is a population-based historical case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases were adult patients diagnosed with an adrenal adenoma between 2005 and 2017 with no overt hormone excess. Controls were age- and sex-matched individuals with (1) no diagnosis of adrenal adenoma and (2) no diagnosis of adrenal adenoma with cross-sectional imaging of the chest/abdomen performed within 5 years prior to index date. The frequency of various social/metabolic risk factors present 5-10 years prior to index date and odds ratios (ORs) for adrenal adenoma diagnosis were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six hundred seventy cases identified (median age 63 years old, 56% women). During the 5-10 years prior to index date, patients with adrenal adenomas had higher prevalence of obesity (56.7% vs 49.3%, P = .007), low socioeconomic status (36.7% vs 31.1%, P = .039), tobacco use (70.2% vs 61.4%, P = .001), and diabetes (17.5% vs 11.7%, P = .003) compared to controls with prior imaging. No difference in prevalence of hypertension, substance use, chronic kidney disease, or combined cardiovascular events was observed. Based on a multivariable analysis, increased body mass index (BMI) and tobacco use were associated with increased odds of adrenal adenoma diagnosis with ORs 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.32) and 1.41 (95% CI 1.06-1.87), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to controls with prior imaging, patients with adrenal adenoma had higher prevalence of obesity, low socioeconomic status, tobacco use, and diabetes 5-10 years prior to index date. In particular, increased BMI and tobacco use were independent risk factors associated with increased odds of adrenal adenoma diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"383-390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Rotolo, Greta Galante, Kimberly Coscia, Valentina Bissi, Lorenzo Tucci, Marco Mezzullo, Alessandra Gambineri, Valentina Vicennati, Guido Zavatta, Uberto Pagotto, Guido Di Dalmazi, Flaminia Fanelli
{"title":"Response to the unsolicited commentary by Meng et al.: \"Rethinking dexamethasone suppression test thresholds in the era of precision steroid profiling\".","authors":"Laura Rotolo, Greta Galante, Kimberly Coscia, Valentina Bissi, Lorenzo Tucci, Marco Mezzullo, Alessandra Gambineri, Valentina Vicennati, Guido Zavatta, Uberto Pagotto, Guido Di Dalmazi, Flaminia Fanelli","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf176","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"C4-C6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}