Republics of KnowledgePub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.003.0012
N. Miller
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws several conclusions about the history of knowledge through a survey of landscapes of knowledge in Spanish America over the hundred years or so after independence. It discusses the recognition of knowledge that matters as much as the production or distribution in analysing outcomes of past and present struggles to extend access to knowledge. It also clarifies how certain ways of knowing are deemed worthy of being received as knowledge and who decides what counts as knowledge, even before it is subject to validation. The chapter emphasizes that a nation-state can be revealingly interpreted as a community of shared knowledge, providing a more flexible and more grounded analytical framework of an imagined community. It stresses that the knowledge order of a society will affect its capacity to achieve integration, constitutional legitimacy, and political participation.","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129161711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public Libraries, Modern Nations","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter mentions the Liberators that took time out from their military campaigns to attend to the creation of major public libraries during the wars of independence between 1808 and 1826. It describes the libraries as one of the first institutions to be founded that were located close to the centre of political power in the cities. It also discusses individuals of varied political views that saw libraries as both symbol and source of universal enlightenment, noting General José de San Martín, who declared libraries to be more powerful than armies for protecting the embryonic political communities. The chapter refers to Simón Bolívar, who instigated a public library in Caracas in 1814 and intervened to ensure that Lima's library was restored in 1823 and 1824. It elaborates how libraries fulfilled a central role in social self definition as touchstones of what was meant by lo público and lo nacional.","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116824923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Repertoires of Knowledge","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights public institutions, practical knowledge, and popular enlightenment as the prescription for a virtuous and prosperous community everywhere. It looks at periodicals of the 1810s and 1820s that were full of artes, industrias y ciencias (arts and crafts, manufacturing industries, and scientific subjects) and conocimientos útiles (useful knowledge). It also cites that Buenos Aires presented a unique opportunity to create institutions of learning tailored to republican nation-building. The chapter reviews well-known political and economic difficulties of the half century after independence that played a major part in explaining why the founding ambitions to create a modern educational system were not realised during those years. It looks at the exchanges between Cosme Argerich and Juan Crisóstomo Lafinur, which underlines the epistemological crisis created by the wars of independence and other varieties of crisis.","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133133960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123812009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Republics of KnowledgePub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691176758.003.0011
N. Miller
{"title":"Education for Citizenship","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691176758.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691176758.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the popular education during the wars of independence, noting it as one of the few priorities upon which royalists, reformers and revolutionaries could agree. It mentions the prevalent demands for knowledge to be shared and expectations that ran high as education was seen as the route to promoting political rights, industrial prosperity, and social integration. It also explores the independence era, which produced bold proposals for popular education policies that were radical in inclusivity, in approach, or in method. The chapter refers to Fernando López Aldana, a migrant from Lima who advocated education for all Americans in 1812. It emphasizes the idea that education was a universal right and was nonetheless in the air at the birth of the independent states.","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127757732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INDEX","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116941372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Republics of KnowledgePub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691176758.003.0004
N. Miller
{"title":"Writing in the Dark","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691176758.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691176758.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter recounts how printing was born with the republic in Chile, describing the full-size press that was brought from Boston in late 1811 and was set in motion to print the country's first periodical, La Aurora de Chile. It traces the long history of printing in most Spanish American countries, such as Peru and Mexico, where it dated back to the sixteenth century. It also cites new political communities that were baptised in print as the independence wars generated both quantitative and qualitative changes in publishing. The chapter looks at journals that championed the cause of independence by establishing a founding tradition of speaking truth to power and stimulating a demand for new ideas and discoveries, as well as for news and information. It points out how the printing press was a means of sustaining the momentum of the promised popular enlightenment for independent governments.","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126647065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Touchstones of Knowledge","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz0h8vr.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter begins with the term pensador, a nineteenth-century coinage that was widely used well into the twentieth century and used to talk about knowledge in Latin America. It explains that pensadores were polymaths who ranged freely over politics, literature, art, language, ethnography, and natural science in a refusal to be constrained by the conventions of any single area of knowledge. It also highlights pensador as a term that can be only glossed in English, which is true of many other markers of how knowledge was conceived and practised in the countries of Latin America. The chapter considers the untranslateable terms in Latin America as touchstones of knowledge and barometers of the epistemic atmosphere of the societies in which their usage rose and fell. It points out how Latin American terms testify to the varying social status of different kinds of knowledge and range of people who had access to knowledge.","PeriodicalId":118780,"journal":{"name":"Republics of Knowledge","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115093546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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