Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

Effectiveness of Activated Carbon from Jackfruit Skin for The Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Adsorption Using The Langmuir and Freundlich Equations 利用 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 方程计算菠萝皮活性炭对重金属铅 (Pb) 的吸附效果

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.86765

Nadya Ramadhani Arke, Dewa Ayu Made Dearwita Sari, Retno Dewati

{"title":"Effectiveness of Activated Carbon from Jackfruit Skin for The Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Adsorption Using The Langmuir and Freundlich Equations","authors":"Nadya Ramadhani Arke, Dewa Ayu Made Dearwita Sari, Retno Dewati","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.86765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.86765","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Activated carbon is a commonly used medium for adsorption to combat environmental pollution in both water and air. It is produced from plant or plantation waste containing carbon. Jackfruit skin, often considered as plantation waste, contains lignocellulosic compounds and has the potential to be used as active carbon. Activated carbon from jackfruit skin has a good absorption capacity and can absorb heavy metal waste such as lead (Pb). A recent study aimed to evaluate the absorption effectiveness of active carbon from jackfruit skin. The process involved making activated carbon using the pyrolysis method, and then analyzing its lead absorption capacity in lead nitrate solution by varying the weight of the activated carbon (10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g) and the adsorption time in minutes (40, 60, 80, 100, 120). The levels of absorbed lead on activated carbon were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of activated carbon absorption reaches 99%, and the appropriate equation model for the adsorption process is the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a multilayer adsorption process.Keywords:Adsorption Isotherm, Activated Carbon Jackfruit Skin, Lead (Pb)","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of Tofu Liquid Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer Using the Fermentation Method with Activator Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM-4): A Review 利用激活剂有效微生物 4 (EM-4) 发酵法将豆腐废液用作液体有机肥料：综述

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84056

Lutfi Kurniawan, M. Maryudi, Erna Astuti

{"title":"Utilization of Tofu Liquid Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer Using the Fermentation Method with Activator Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM-4): A Review","authors":"Lutfi Kurniawan, M. Maryudi, Erna Astuti","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84056","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Liquid organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer in liquid form which is partly or wholly derived from organic compounds such as plant, animal and industrial residues, in solid or liquid form. The nutrients contained in it are in the form of a very fine solution so that it is easily absorbed by plants, even the leaves or stems. Organic fertilizer is one solution to restore soil minerals physically, chemically and biologically from the bad effects of synthetic fertilizers. Liquid fertilizer is obtained from a solid fermentation process first, then followed by a liquid anaerobic fermentation and extraction process. In the fermentation process, the role of microbes greatly determines the product produced. Tofu liquid waste is made from cooking residue from cooked soybeans boiled and the water from the remaining tofu tends to be thrown into the surrounding environment. Waste Liquid tofu contains organic ingredients, namely carbohydrates reaching 20-50%, protein 40-60%, and 10% fat. It is known that this tofu waste can be used as liquid organic fertilizer by fermentation. Tofu liquid waste contains organic substances, namely carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which can be used as liquid organic fertilizer. These substances must first be broken down into simpler elements by a fermentation process so that they can be absorbed by plants. Effective Microorganisms-4 as inoculants to increase microbial diversity in soil and can control unpleasant odors, accelerate the decomposition process, maximize the decomposition process, increase nutrient content, reduce the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, improve the physical, chemical and biological structure of the soil and bioremediation.Keywords: Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Liquid Waste, Fermentation, Effective Microorganisms-4, Nutrient","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Producing Gel With Various Ingredients: a Review 用各种成分制作凝胶：回顾

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84242

Marthin Rivai Hezekiel Siagian, Sayid Umar Abraham, Avido Yuliestyan

引用次数: 0

Glucose Syrup from Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) using Acid Hydrolysis Method 利用酸水解法从紫甘薯（Ipomoea batatas L. Poir）中提取葡萄糖浆

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.87411

E. N. Shohih, Dendi Sri Sulistyantoro, Vira Mawardha Putri

{"title":"Glucose Syrup from Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) using Acid Hydrolysis Method","authors":"E. N. Shohih, Dendi Sri Sulistyantoro, Vira Mawardha Putri","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.87411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.87411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The making of glucose syrup from purple sweet potatoes is motivated by the high demand for alternative sugar in Indonesia. Through the processes that have been carried out and the results of previous studies, the potential of purple sweet potatoes to be processed into glucose syrup has been produced. This experiment was conducted to determine whether purple sweet potatoes can be processed into glucose syrup and to determine the suitability of the product to the standard. To convert purple sweet potatoes into glucose syrup, it is necessary to first extract the starch content in purple sweet potatoes and go through the process of making glucose syrup by the acid hydrolysis method using citric acid of various concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1 N). For the feasibility of consuming glucose syrup from purple sweet potatoes, a toxicity test was carried out using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Tests were also carried out on water, ash, reducing sugar, and starch content to then be compared with the Indonesian glucose syrup standard (SNI 01-2978-1992). The results showed that the reducing sugar content of purple sweet potato glucose syrup followed the glucose syrup quality standard, which was 43.31%, the lowest water content was 18.35%, the lowest ash content was 7.95% and there was no starch content in purple sweet potato liquid sugar. The aroma of the glucose syrup produced was following the Indonesian National Standard, but the color and taste produced were not yet in accordance. The toxicity test of purple sweet potato liquid sugar showed a lethal concentration value of LC50 >1,000 ppm, which means that purple sweet potato liquid sugar has no toxic potential so it is safe for consumption.Keywords:Purple Sweet Potatoes, Liquid Sugar, Acid Hydrolysis","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of Gas Sweetening Process using Extended NRTL and Stages Efficiency as Modeling Approach 使用扩展 NRTL 和阶段效率作为建模方法模拟天然气甜化过程

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.88301

Aditya Kurniawan, Yusmardhany Yusuf, Ahnaf Hazimizzufar, Wildan Zanuar Herviansyah

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and Characterization of Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries 钠离子电池用 Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 阴极材料的合成与表征

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80464

Diah Agustina Puspitasari, S. Supriyono, C. W. Kartikowati, Mar'atul Fauziyah, F. Gapsari, Vania Mitha Pratiwi, Devina Annora H Br Butar-Butar, Ira Marisa D.N, Rashieka Putri Maghfiroh, Yudha Bhakti Prasetia, Rivanda Adi I. R, Irginata Aqil H, Roihan Rajabi, Umar Khalid Zaki Abdul

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries","authors":"Diah Agustina Puspitasari, S. Supriyono, C. W. Kartikowati, Mar'atul Fauziyah, F. Gapsari, Vania Mitha Pratiwi, Devina Annora H Br Butar-Butar, Ira Marisa D.N, Rashieka Putri Maghfiroh, Yudha Bhakti Prasetia, Rivanda Adi I. R, Irginata Aqil H, Roihan Rajabi, Umar Khalid Zaki Abdul","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recently, Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 has received attention as a potential candidate material for cathode sodium-ion batteries. However, this material was synthesized by a solid-state process, resulting in larger particle size and nonuniform morphology. The larger particle size will sluggish the Na ion diffusion. Here we report the synthesis of Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 using a simple sol-gel process. The X-ray diffraction revealed that the sample was identified as Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 with a hexagonal crystal structure. However, the impurities are formed at diffraction angles of 36.28°, 45.03°, and 51.23°. Calcination temperature affects the formation of the crystal phase, grain growth, morphology, and particle size. Our findings provide valuable insight into the development of Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 material with desirable properties. Keywords:Sol-Gel, Solid State, Grain Growth, Calcination, Na2/3[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 ","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of HCl Activator on PET Adsorbent to Reduce Phosphate Content in Laundry Waste 盐酸活化剂对 PET 吸附剂降低洗衣废弃物中磷酸盐含量的影响

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84179

Lutfi Wahidatur Rizky, Iskandar Zulkarnain, Ismadi Raharjo, Y. R. Wulandari

{"title":"The Effect of HCl Activator on PET Adsorbent to Reduce Phosphate Content in Laundry Waste","authors":"Lutfi Wahidatur Rizky, Iskandar Zulkarnain, Ismadi Raharjo, Y. R. Wulandari","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Plastic waste is waste that cannot be decomposed so it will cause serious problems to the environment. The National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) reported that in 2020 plastic waste was found to be 17.2% of the total waste collected. Several types of plastic can become porous charcoal through the heating process in a furnace so that it can be used as an adsorbent for liquid waste from the laundry industry. Laundry liquid waste containing excess phosphate will disrupt the environment such as eutrophication. This research aims to determine the effect of the HCL activator on carbon from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle waste to reduce phosphate levels in liquid laundry waste. This research uses varying concentrations of HCl as a carbon activator, namely 1M, 5M, and 10M. The activated carbon is added to the liquid laundry waste and stirred at a speed of 100 rpm. Phosphate content analysis was carried out using a spectrophotometer in liquid laundry waste before and after the adsorption process and BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) analysis on activated carbon with activator HCL 10 M. The greatest decrease in phosphate levels was 10 M HCL concentration of 52.87%, with a carbon surface area of 203.1222 m2/g and a particle size of 29.53 nm. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon with a 10 M activator is 0.1499 mg/g","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Energy from Palm Kernel Shell Gasification – dual fuel engine performance analysis 棕榈仁壳气化产生的绿色能源--双燃料发动机性能分析

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83497

Firman Asto Putro, S. H. Pranolo, Joko Waluyo, Dwi Hantoko, Agapeano Aditama, Mochamad Wahyu Utomo

{"title":"Green Energy from Palm Kernel Shell Gasification – dual fuel engine performance analysis","authors":"Firman Asto Putro, S. H. Pranolo, Joko Waluyo, Dwi Hantoko, Agapeano Aditama, Mochamad Wahyu Utomo","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83497","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity generation in Indonesia is mainly generated from non-renewable fuels. Based on these problems, this research utilizes palm kernel shells to be converted into producer gas as secondary fuel for a 5 kW diesel engine. Through a gasification process equipped with a cooling and gas cleaning system, low tar gas is fed to the diesel engine with variations of gas flow rate ratio to combustion air. A dummy load is installed to investigate the effect of load on diesel consumption. The diesel engine vibration increases due to using two fuel types was measured by installing a vibration meter. The research results show that the higher the load and the greater the ratio of producer gas injected, the less diesel consumption. At a gas ratio of 4:1 and an increase of load from 1 to 5 kW, the diesel fuel flow rate reduces by 25 - 31%. The most significant reduction in diesel consumption occurred at a load of 5 kW, valued at 38.49%. On the other hand, increasing the gas ratio causes an increase in diesel engine vibration. The research results showed an increase in engine vibration of 5.84% - 10.25%. The largest vibration was recorded at a load of 5 kW with a value of 92.4 m/s2 ","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and Combustion Kinetics of Binderless and Bindered Dry Cow Dung Bio-Pellets 无粘合剂和粘合剂干牛粪生物颗粒的特性和燃烧动力学

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83645

W. A. Wibowo, Ari Diana Susanti, Paryanto Paryanto

{"title":"Characterization and Combustion Kinetics of Binderless and Bindered Dry Cow Dung Bio-Pellets","authors":"W. A. Wibowo, Ari Diana Susanti, Paryanto Paryanto","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83645","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of molasses addition as a binder in the manufacturing of cow dung bio-pellets on their characteristics and combustion kinetics have been studied. The bio-pellets characterization included the physical and mechanical properties as well as the proximate analysis and calorific values. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a macro-TGA apparatus under a non-isothermal conditions and an oxidative atmosphere to study the thermal decomposition characteristics. Then, the first order Coast and Redfern method was used to determined the kinetic parameters of bio-pellets combustion. It was found that the ash content of bio-pellets were tended to decreased, while the volatile matter and fixed carbon were tended to increase with the addition of molasses. Nevertheless, the density, the axial compressive strength and the calorific values of bindered bio-pellets were decreased due to the higher amounts of water in the raw mixtures. Thermogravimetric analysis provided an information that the combustions of cow dung bio-pellets took place in three stages of decompositions The bindered bio-pellet began to decompose at lower temperatures than the binderless bio-pellet with a higher weight loss percentage. According to the comprehensive combustion characteristic index (S), the combustion performance of both binderless and bindered bio-pellets were similar. The addition of molasses as a binder tended to reduce the ignition temperature and activation energy for all stages of bio-pellets combustion.","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Study of Binary System Saturated Fatty Acid in Short Chain Alcohols 短链醇中饱和脂肪酸二元体系的固液平衡研究

Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80577

Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani, Difa Aulia Majid, Rudhang Suryoadhi Suryatmoko Plawi

{"title":"Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Study of Binary System Saturated Fatty Acid in Short Chain Alcohols","authors":"Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani, Difa Aulia Majid, Rudhang Suryoadhi Suryatmoko Plawi","doi":"10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80577","url":null,"abstract":"Unsaturated fatty acids are potential to be used for preventing degenerative diseases and developing brain function in babies. Separation of unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids efficiently achieved by urea complexation fractionation method. It is considered to be the simplest, most efficient, and lowest cost method. This study aimed to optimize urea complexation for increasing PUFA concentrations by determining solid-liquid equilibrium data of saturated fatty acids in short chain alcohols. In this study, there were two types of short chain alcohol, methanol and ethanol, in various concentrations (99,7%; 95%; 88%; 76% w/w) towards the solubility of saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acid (PA and SA). PA and SA dissolved in various concentration of methanol and ethanol to get homogeneous solutions. When solid SFA disappeared by heating the solution, or first formed by cooling the solution, the temperature was determined as the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature. The results showed that the best composition of solvent within high solubility level is ethanol 95% and methanol 99,7% over palmitic acid because it can dissolve at room temperature and below 0.01 mole fraction.","PeriodicalId":11866,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0