Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs最新文献

{"title":"Islamic State: The Problems","authors":"Ahmad Dj","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000246","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic State poses far greater challenges to itself than to the world. These challenges range from societal to religious, and political to economic. There is ever-increasing diversity in the world for the fact of formation of solidarity among various groups/communities that may run counter to regional, national, or religious identities. Diversity is a beauty, and should be endured. The Islamic State faces this question profusely, as fact of the world. There is an increasing realization of the pervasive 'differences' in the world, and as such the slogans of 'end of history' have proved too immature even in the wake of collapse of former USSR. Being blind to history, all accounts of 'end of history' coming from anywhere featuring burdened exclusion-ism tend to behave in similar ostrich ways. Islamic State religiously closes eyes to lessons of history including Islamic history. The ISIS, in some ways, proves 'clash of civilizations' right, but it is not the only way Muslims organize themselves in religion, and in society. South and South-East Asia shows a reasonable trend; though not popular as Arabization is. The ISIS grossly neglects the vast intellectual engagement Muslim scholars had with the issues of the modern world. The issues of caliphate and democracy are central to the understanding of global collective life. The Islamic State, is argued here, faces serious intellectual, religious, and pragmatic challenges that are too magnanimous for reasonable thought.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"518 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116246668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Afghanistan a Battle Ground for the Interests of Super Powers: A SpecialReference to USA","authors":"M. Idrees, K. Anwar","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the history Afghanistan remained a battle ground for the varying interests of different powers. Today, the country is under the sway of NATO and USA. The regional and neighboring powers are also mending their axes there. The country is facing great challenges of internal strife, power struggle, unstable governments and lack of confidence of the people and elites upon the governments. The current effort aims at the very important research area ‘Interests of USA in Afghanistan.’ A descriptive, analytical and historical research has been carried out to keep in contact with main topic.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"205 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127038636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of the Components of Political Developments on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of Policy Experts","authors":"G. Somayeh","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"National government’s key task and the most important aspect of human civilization that leads to greater prosperity and progress of human civilization in the world is to provide security inside the country and to deal with the potential influx of other governments to a territory and its citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate the components of political development on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of policy experts. This study used interview to collect information and the population consisted of professors and activists in politics. 15 people were interviewed as the sample. The results indicate that the effects of the components of political development on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran have been extracted in some spheres including military security, political security, social security, economic security and environmental security. In addition, strategies for the structural development of management, domestic and foreign accountability, planning to live in global networks, global responsibility, readiness for global assessments and liberalization of foreign trade have been provided as efforts to develop political and national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralization by Devolution: Perception of Councilors on Their Exercise of Fiscal Decision Making Authority in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania","authors":"Anosisye Mk","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000242","url":null,"abstract":"In 1990s the government adopted D-by-D policy with a very good intention of reforming its local governments and let them enjoy the decision making powers promised by the D-by-D policy. One of the crucial of elements of decentralization was fiscal decentralization which gives the local jurisdictions to exercise adequate authority over important decisions with regard to setting development priorities, financing local services, revenue mobilization and expenditure authority continue. This article explored the perception of council on exercise of their fiscal authority in selected local authorities in Tanzania. The findings show that council exercise reasonable authority over revenues mobilization, the setting of the local tax rates and full expenditure authority over the locally generated revenue and also the discretionary grants.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126662215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liberal Democracy: A Euphemism for Anarchism in Today s America?","authors":"Nkere Nn","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000243","url":null,"abstract":"As I sojourn in America in this autumn season of 2015 through that of winter 2016, I can’t help but feel very concerned about the future of this land I so much love. My fear and frustrations are grounded in what appears to be a real trend in this country today, which is founded on what I would identify as “extreme liberalism” whereby the enjoyment of happiness by some few is becoming a serious threat to the happiness of the many. In the name of liberty America is progressively but surely drifting from a sane, free and responsible society into one that is putting the whole future of the land of the free into a land of the insane, the irresponsible and the lazy. All this drifting stems from the way children, our future, are being brought up in their respective communities, churches and schools. Communities that are allowing their kids to disrespect, insult, and beat up their parents and teachers while crucifying anyone who dares to stand in their way. It’s simply a shame, disgusting, and quite revolting to witness such decadence in the most powerful country in the world.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127909176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kurdistan Privacy Government and Efforts to Riddance from Geopolitical Restrictions","authors":"Seyed Aa, F. Shahram","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"Kurds as the largest stateless people in the world have been divided into four geographical areas of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. After centuries of oblivion over the past century, they were repeatedly faced with an iron fist policy by successive riots in Turkey. However, during past 52 years in northern Iraq and in form of federal Iraq framework, they were achieved partly to autonomy; while they were never hide their democratic independence desire. In this way, one of the most persistent structural problems of the Kurds is \"geopolitical hardship\" of Kurdistan privacy, in which is forced the Kurds to cooperate increasingly regional with Israel and internationally with the United States. In this paper, we addressed to geopolitical situation of Iraqi Kurdistan and the manner of its relations with other two countries.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariable Evaluation via Conjoint Analysis of the Factors that Influence Voting Behavior in Networks","authors":"Evangelia Nm, C. Théodore","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"With this study, we examine which combination of personal features and network features most influences the vote as well as which combination is most influenced in voting activity. People belong in networks and influence each other. We examine how intense is the influence on political behavior of the factors such as the gender, the type of the relationship in the network, the different spheres of action as well as the involvement in politics. We use the Conjoint Analysis method adopted from the discipline of marketing, where we can assess at the same time different factors via multidimensional analysis. This method examines representative combinations of factors that represent profiles of people. The respondents assess and prioritize the different voters’ profiles and scenarios of political influence revealing the mechanism with which the political influence is exerted in networks. The research took place in Greece. The sample consisted of 1.103 questionnaires collected. The current research methodology as well as the research design could be a useful tool in political campaigns, political consulting and political marketing because it permits professionals to measure and assess different parameters comparatively.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115649792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democratization in Afghanistan: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Ahmad Murid Partaw","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000236","url":null,"abstract":"Democratic reform and governance began after the collapse of the Taliban in Afghanistan. The Taliban ruled a brutal and fundamentalist regime from 1996 to 2001. In the last decade and half which has been free of Taliban control, Afghanistan has made significant improvements in areas, such as good governance, rule of law, women’s rights and freedom of speech. Despite gains and progress made over the years, the country is faced with a resilient insurgency that constitutes the remnants of Taliban and Al-Qaeda. The Taliban claim that democracy is opposed to Islamic and sharia laws and therefore the group is fighting to establish a ‘real Islamic state’ based on conservative principles. This paper argues that a historical analysis in Afghanistan and other Islamic democracies proves otherwise. In Afghanistan, this is reflected in state development and democratic achievements of the last fifteen years, where democracy and political inclusion have helped to bring stability, peace and development.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115783683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Criteria for Political Professionalization in Sri Lanka","authors":"U. Wijayantha","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the attitudes of selected power groups about exploring the political professionalization criteria in Sri Lanka. Through a thorough examination of issues of political practice, it focuses the possibility to make space to introduce the concept of political professionalization and prerequisite to resolve or minimize those issues. A total of twenty-seven academics, clergy and journalists were participated in three focus group discussion. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Through this process, it was revealed three main themes: ‘knowledge’, ‘skills’, ‘values’ and recommends policies for political recruitments. The findings suggested that professionalization political practices should be promoted by introducing knowledge, values and skills as criteria for consideration in political recruitments. And also it is suggested that introduction of professional political practice methods is essential to reduce in political practice issues in the current political scenario of Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126844107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Confrontations, Women Navigation into Peace Process and theRole Lessons for Africa First Ladies","authors":"Ogadimma Ca, Davis Tw","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Prejudiced gendered cultural arrangements have continued to either restrict or exclude contemporary Nigerian women in public space as in most Africa States. This is socially shaped by the dominant patriarchal authority across different Africa societies with Nigeria as no exception. Even with the Nigerian women’s feminist strives, little break through from these cultural arrangements have been meaningfully attained. The changing gender relations experience of women varied across different African contexts, yet in Nigeria, with the emergence of the Nigeria First Lady in 1984 and with successive Nigeria First Ladies, some significant penetration of women through these cultural arrangements was achieved. This was due to several campaigns for and by Nigerian women re-perception of themselves, re-orientation about their feminine personality and their societal gender status in different sectors of Nigeria societies as the economic, politics, education, arts, media-journalism, and technology and science. This increasing presence and participatory role-positions with power have however not extended significantly to formal peace processes. They have been left with little place in informal peace process. For the demanding need to expand the peace process for Nigerian women and Nigeria First Lady inclusion, this article present lessons of women from conflicts contexts such as Sudan, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Angola, Northern Ireland, where women were able to break through prejudiced gender cultural institutions and behaviors that had barred the women from peace processes. This was attained through their collective resilience to redefine the peace processes for women inclusion since they realized women were most victims of such violent conflict contexts. Such lessons can be capacity development strength for Nigeria women and other Africa women with which they can adopt manipulative persuasion to penetration prejudiced gendered cultural arrangements for women inclusion in formal peace process in Nigeria and they rest of Africa. With this background, this article is organized and presented in four sections with introduction as the first, successive Nigeria First Ladies: the tension between role idealism and realism as second politics of role struggle for public profile or role collaboration for peace action as third, and the lessons of women in mediation elsewhere for Nigeria and other Africa countries in security and peace approach as the fourth section.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115461626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}