Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research最新文献

{"title":"Efficient Hybrid Algorithm Solution for Optimal Reactive Power Flow Using the Sensitive Bus Approach","authors":"Z. Sahli, A. Hamouda, S. Sayah, D. Trentesaux, A. Bekrar","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4680","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and application of an efficient hybrid algorithm for solving the Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) problem. The ORPF is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem where the active power losses must be minimized. The proposed approach is based on the hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Tabu-Search (TS) technique. The proposed PSO-TS approach is used to find the settings of the control variables (i.e. generation bus voltages, transformer taps, and shunt capacitor sizes) which minimize transmission active power losses. The bus locations of the shunt capacitors are identified according to sensitive buses. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied to the IEEE 30 bus benchmark test system and is compared with PSO and TS without hybridization, along with some other published approaches. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method in dealing with the highly nonlinear constrained nature of the ORPF problem.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89384541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load Shedding in Microgrids with Dual Neural Networks and AHP Algorithm","authors":"L. Nhung, T. T. Phung, H. Nguyen, T. N. Le, T. A. Nguyen, T. D. Vo","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4652","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new load shedding method based on the application of a Dual Neural Network (NN). The combination of a Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) aims to quickly predict and propose a load shedding strategy when a fault occurs in the microgrid (MG) system. The PSO algorithm has the ability to search and compare multiple points, so the proposed NN training method helps determine the link weights faster and stronger. As a result, the proposed method saves training time and achieves higher accuracy. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) algorithm is applied to rank the loads based on their importance factor. The results of the ratings of the loads serve as a basis for constructing the load shedding strategies of a NN combined with the PSO algorithm (ANN-PSO). The proposed load shedding method is tested on an IEEE 25-bus 8-generator MG power system. The simulation results show that the frequency recovery of the power system is positive. The proposed neural network adapts well to the simulated data of the system and achieves high performance in fault prediction.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89620980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach for the Modeling of Electromagnetic Forces in Air-Gap Shunt Reactors","authors":"H. B. Duc, T. P. Minh, T. P. Anh, V. D. Quoc","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4692","url":null,"abstract":"Shunt reactors are usually used in electrical systems to imbibe reactive powers created by capacitive powers on the lines when the system is operating on low or no loads. Moreover, they are also used to balance reactive powers and maintain the stability of a specified voltage. In general, the air gaps of a magnetic circuit shunt reactor are arranged along the iron core to reduce the influence of fringing and leakage fluxes. Therefore, non-magnetic materials made of ceramics or marbles are often used in air gaps to separate the iron core packets. The direction of the fringing flux is perpendicular to the laminations, so the core packets of the shunt reactor are generally made from radially laminated silicon steels. Due to the alternating electromagnetic field through the core, a periodically altered electromagnetic force is produced between the core packets, tending to compress the ceramic spacers. This electromagnetic force causes vibration and noise in the core. In this research, a finite element approach based on the Maxwell stress tensor was developed to compute the magnetic flux density and the electromagnetic forces appearing in a shunt reactor.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79717699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of Paliganj Distributary, Bihar, India","authors":"K. Praveen, L. B. Roy","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4696","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater quality evaluation in the command area of Paliganj distributary of the Sone irrigation scheme in India was carried out during two different seasons in the year 2020, namely pre-monsoon, i.e. during March, and post-monsoon, i.e. during October. Forty groundwater samples were obtained from hand pumps and dug wells in the study area during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The chemical characteristics of groundwater samples were determined according to American Public Health Association approved process. Twelve parameters, namely, pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, F, SO4, K, Cl, and HCO3 were used to compute the water quality based on the weighted arithmetic water quality index method. In the study area, Ca2+-Mg+-HCO3−, and Ca2+-Mg+-Na+-HCO3- were the dominant hydro-chemical facies. All the samples were found to belong to the excellent to good category for drinking purposes during the pre-monsoon period. However, during the post-monsoon season, only 75% of the samples fell into the excellent to good group, while the remaining 25% fell into the poor for drinking purposes category. By analyzing through the irrigation quality index, 80% of the samples are considered highly suitable for irrigation and the remaining 20% come under the medium category. Thus, it was seen that the majority of groundwater samples are suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes, although groundwater in some portions of the area had high salinity and the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), showing that it is unsuitable for irrigation and requires adequate drainage.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"62 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72462997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Extreme Rainfall Event of 2010 over the Kabul River Basin using the WRF Model","authors":"F. Rafi, G. H. Dars, C. Strong, K. Ansari, S. H. Ali","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4587","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme precipitation events are among the most severe weather hazards. Knowledge about the spatial patterns underlying such events in the Upper Indus Basin is limited because estimating precipitation is very challenging due to the data scarcity and the complex orography. Numerical weather prediction models can be applied at a fine resolution to overcome this issue. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.8.1 was applied over the Kabul River Basin to simulate the temperature and precipitation of monsoon season 2010, i.e., 1st May to 16th September 2010. We considered the May month as a spin-up period. The initial and boundary conditions were derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data. The model was set up by using two-nested domains with increasing horizontal resolution moving inward from 15km on domain d01 to 5km on domain d02. The simulations were compared with TRMM 3B42, and station data collected from the Pakistan Meteorological Department and Water and the Power Development Authority using bias, percentage bias, root mean square error, and Pearson correlation. The results revealed that the simulated precipitation was improved from d01 to d02. However, the model showed mixed results with overestimation of precipitation at some stations and underestimations at others. Simulated precipitation generally agreed better with TRMM than with station data. Overall, the results indicate that the WRF model can be used to simulate heavy precipitation in complex terrain.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86041826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Motors Using Filled Slots and Hairpin Windings","authors":"D. B. Minh, N. H. Phuong, V. D. Quoc, H. B. Duc","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4683","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the electromagnetic and thermal design of interior permanent magnet motors using filled slots and hairpin windings for electric vehicle applications. Two models of ∇ shape of the interior permanent magnet motors have been proposed to evaluate the temperature distribution and cogging torque performance. A narrow opening slot of the interior permanent magnet of 48 slots/8 poles with the filled winding has been designed to investigate the electromagnetic torque because the cogging torque depends on opening stator slots. A parallel–rectangle slot of the interior permanent magnet with the hairpin winding has been also implemented with finite element analysis to evaluate their performances. Normally, the slot opening of the interior permanent magnet stator equals the slot width, it is greater than the size of hairpin windings, and the cogging torque is increased significantly with a bigger slot opening. The main advantage of the hairpin winding design is the high slot fill factors. Hence, the lower the current density, the higher torque, and efficiency are, than the normal design with the same geometry parameters. To improve the cogging torque due to the wide slot opening, the step–skew rotor slices have been arranged to minimize the torque ripple with different skewing angles.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77996595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Distributed Control Approach for Demand Response in Smart Grids","authors":"A. El Gharbi","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4634","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid is a new concept that has been developed during recent years to improve the intelligence and efficiency of electric power system management. Traditional electricity systems are combined and integrated with information technology, communication technology, and intelligent control technology in the smart grid. Demand Response (DR) refers to the changes in consumers' electricity consumption behavior in response to dynamic pricing or financial incentives. Based on the control manner, DR methods are classified as centralized or distributed. In distributed techniques, customers communicate with the other consumers and provide data to the power utility about the overall use. In this paper, we focus on the distributed approach of DR using the shifting method for a short-term horizon. To be more specific, three well-known solutions were studied: the Resource Allocation with Legitimate Claims, the Constrained Fair-Splitting Dispatch, and Real-Time Pricing. Finally, we compare the different techniques of DR distributed approaches based on the control mechanism.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83040472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Seepage Behavior of Nai Gaj Dam through Numerical Analysis","authors":"A. Bashir, Ritwick Chaudhry, A. Qureshi, U. Memon, N. Bheel","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4560","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the seepage patterns of earth-fill dams, using critical situations by employing the finite element approach. The Nai Gaj dam is 65km northwest of Dadu city in Sindh Province, Pakistan. In this study, the seepage through the main dam body and foundation is computed and simulated for different scenarios, i.e. maximum, normal, and minimum reservoir level. Seepage analysis was conducted by using the SEEP/W sub-program of GEO-SLOPE software. Dam design parameters and dam geometry data were used as input data to compute the unknown seepage. The seepage behavior of the Nai Gaj dam is shown in terms of net flow which consists of equipotential lines, streamlines, velocity vectors, and phreatic lines. The results show the seepage flux, maximum seepage, and exit gradient at different reservoir levels. The results show that the average flow rate at normal, maximum, and minimum reservoir levels are 1.49×10-7cumec/m, 3.38×10-7cumec/m, and 2.108×10-8cumec/m respectively. In addition, the overall stability of the side slope of the dam is discussed.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84620036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Investigation of the Free Flow in a Square Porous Cavity with Non-Uniform Heating on the Lower Wall","authors":"L. Saidi, S. Mekroussi, S. Kherris, D. Zebbar, B. Mébarki","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4604","url":null,"abstract":"Natural convection in a steady state of incompressible air inside a cavity’s porous with a heated low wall of a sinusoidal profile is investigated numerically in this paper. The upper horizontal wall is kept cold while the two sides are thermally insulated. The proposed physical model was developed and studied with two-dimensional conditions, using the finite element method and adapting the Darcy-Brinkman model. This paper examines the laminar natural convection in a square porous cavity for different Rayleigh numbers (10 ≤ Ra ≤ 104), aspect ratios (0.25 ≤ AR ≤ 1.0), and sinusoidal temperature amplitude (0.25 ≤ λ ≤ 1.0). Moreover, the variation effect of Ra, AR, and λ on isotherms, streamlines, and the mean and local Nusselt numbers has been presented and analyzed. The results showed that an increase in the sinusoidal thermal amplitude, mean Nusselt number, and AR reduced somewhat the Rayleigh number. This provided a solution in which the mean Nusselt number increased by increasing the sinusoidal thermal amplitude and the Rayleigh number. On the other hand, it decreases slightly by increasing the AR. In addition, the convection transfer mechanism is the main mode when the Rayleigh number is high. Thus, it was found that the Darcy number also has an effect on heat transmission. The obtained results were compared with those found in the literature and were found to be in good accordance.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75717476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Possibility of Minimizing Rutting Distress in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course","authors":"Hanady M. Abd Al Kareem, A. Albayati","doi":"10.48084/etasr.4669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4669","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive permanent deformation (rutting) in asphalt-concrete pavements resulting from frequent repetitions of heavy axle loads is studied in this paper. Rutting gradually develops with additional load applications and appears as longitudinal depressions in the wheel path. There are many causes of the rutting of asphalt roads, such as poor asphalt mixing and poor continuous aggregate gradation. All factors affecting the mixture resistance to permanent deformation must be discussed, and all must be properly considered to reduce the rutting propensity of asphalt-aggregate mixtures. In this study, several mixtures were produced with the most common techniques in rutting resistance (using the most effective additives for each mixture), and their performance was compared with the (conventional) mixture currently used in Iraq. The tests focused on the asphalt-concrete mixture for wearing courses. Different mixtures types were tried, namely, dense hot asphalt mixture (HMA) with two different asphalt contents (4.7% and 5.3%), Open-Grade Friction Course (OGFC) mixture, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixture, and Beton Bitumineux a Module Eleve (BBME). The modifiers included natural Sisal Fibers (SFs), Carbon Fibers (CFs), and mineral filler (hydrated lime, HL). Marshall test was carried out to find stability and flow values. Rutting was evaluated by the repeated load test for cylindrical specimens under two temperatures (40°C and 60°C) to obtain the permanent deformation parameters. The parameters were used as input to the VESYS 5W software to evaluate the rut depth during different times of design life under 7×10^6 Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs). The results of the selected mixtures were compared with the mixture designed in the laboratory dense gradation mix Job-Mix Formula (JMF)) within the limits of the Iraqi specification (SCRB,2003). Manipulation of the aggregate gradation that is customary in the implementation of the local mixture showed that the best performance regarding rutting resistance was exhibited by JMF, which decreased the rut depth at 40°C and 60°C by 21.63mm and 44.304mm respectively, in comparison with the conventional mixture. Changing the aggregate gradation of the local mixture gives better performance in rutting resistance without additives or changing the percentage of asphalt, at the same cost.","PeriodicalId":11826,"journal":{"name":"Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84123088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}