Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Combination of Francis and Pelton Turbines on a Pressure Pipe Line for an Optimal Utilization of Highly Variable Water Volumes","authors":"T. Sageder","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12224","url":null,"abstract":"Not Available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12224 HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16, 2015, January Page: 44-45 Upload date: March 1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114547150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Sector and Hydropower Development in Nepal","authors":"R. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is prepared on the answer to the valuable comments made by late Jeewan P. Thanju on my article ‘Water Resources of Nepal: Misconception and Reality’ published in The Rising Nepal on January 23 & 24, 2014.The rivers of Nepal possess sufficient hydropower potentiality to enhance the country’s socio-economic development. However, some spurious expert and vested interest group exaggerated the hydro potentiality and distorted the fact of water resources development prospective in Nepal. This has created confusion among the policymakers, politician and multilateral agencies. As a result, hydropower development in Nepal has headed for wrong course, and now the power sector, the vital impetus for socio-economic development is in dire strait. This paper highlights the uniqueness and distinct technical features of Nepalese Power Sector. In this paper important component like Integrated National Power System/Grid (INPS), Power Generation Modality (Hydropower, Thermal/Nuclear Plants and Diesel Plants) are well described and Master Plan, Project Selection, Construction Schedules and Hydropower potentiality of Nepal are discussed in detail. In a severe power and energy crisis situation in the country, power export is not recommended. Nepal needs 3000 MW to reach the level of other south Asian nations. INPS is owned and operated by NEA; therefore NEA also has the responsibility to prepare master plan for power generation, transmission and distribution. But, the Department Electricity Development a regulatory body of Ministry of Energy of is undertaking / carrying out feasibility study without taking care of INPS/country’s power requirement. This has created duplication of work and confusion; as such the Ministry of Energy deviated from its responsibility of preparing sound policy, regulation and monitoring them strictly. The Ministry shouldn’t indulge in feasibility study, construction and operational activities, which come under the responsibility of concerned technical department /authority. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12214 HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16, 2015, January Page: 18-22 Upload date: March 1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129672956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Climate Change using GCM Downscaling: Special Reference to Indian Subcontinent","authors":"N. Gautam, M. Arora","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12222","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change refers to a change in a state of the climate and it is one of the emerging issues in the 21st century. General Circulation Model (GCM) represents physical processes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and land surface. It is one of the advanced tools for simulating the response of the global climate system to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. The application of GCMs and its downscaling outputs helps to fill up the gap existing between large-scale and local-scale variables. This study clearly showed that GCM downscaling has been increasingly applied to the study of climate change in many parts of the world including the Indian sub-continent and their results are utilized to enhance planning and management purposes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12222 HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16, 2015, January Page: 36-39 Upload date: March 1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127888866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Tunnel Strain in Weak and Schistose Rock Mass under a State of in-situ Stress Anisotropy","authors":"Pawan Shrestha, K. K. Panthi","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12212","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnels excavated in weak and schistose rock mass below high overburden (rock cover) are prone to instability in the form of tunnel deformation. The deformation in the tunnel takes place to such an extent that it is irreversible and of significant magnitude, which is often known as tunnel squeezing. In order to limit such plastic deformation in tunnels, it is desirable that the response of the rock mass to induced stresses is known so that requirement of rock support can be estimated. Contrary to the assumption of uniform in-situ stresses made in analytical solutions for elasto-plastic analyses, large degree of stress anisotropy condition prevails in most tunnelling conditions. The effect of such anisotropic stress condition leads to varying degrees of deformations around the tunnel contour. Therefore, stress anisotropy is also an important factor that needs to be addressed to ensure a proper support design for tunnels. This paper discusses the inter-relationship among rock mass property, in-situ stresses including horizontal to vertical stress ratio, tunnel support pressure and deformation. The study is based on the tunnel cases from the Nepal Himalaya. Three completed tunnel projects were selected, where moderate to large tunnel deformations had been recorded. Long term deformation records were analyzed to assess time independent and time dependent deformations. Results of the analyses of the tunnels in weak and schistose rock mass at stress anisotropy states show that a good correlation among tunnel strain, rock mass shear modulus, support pressure, vertical stress and stress ratio of horizontal to vertical stresses exists. Moreover, the study also shows that significant amount of time dependent deformation can occur in such weak rock mass. Such deformation was found to be high in schist and micaceous phyllite, moderate in graphitic phyllite and low in siliceous phyllite. The suggested relationships can be used as a basis for an early estimate of instantaneous and final deformations and the corresponding requirement of support pressures in tunnel walls in weak and schistose rock mass. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12212 HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16 , 2015 January Page: 7-13 Upload date: March 1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"111 3S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122940943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case of Upper Karnali Hydroelectric Project","authors":"H. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12213","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Karnali Hydroelectric Project, being one of the most attractive and suitable run-of-river hydropower projects for consumption of the energy in Nepal, should have been developed by Nepal for self consumption through self-construction and self-financing. The author describes that in Nepal things are not happening in a way to safeguard Nepal’s long-term national interest through deriving multiple benefits from modest and gradual way of utilization of better hydropower sites for own sake. Even the meager free entitlements are highly exaggerated in a falsified way to please India instead of striving hard for fulfilling its own need by own efforts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12213 HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16, 2015 January Page: 14-17 Upload date: March 1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131158246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing India’s One Billion Dollar Line of Credit Budhi Gandaki, Mahakali III and Bridge over Mahakali – Projects Born and Bred at Singha Durbar?","authors":"S. Pun","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12211","url":null,"abstract":"When India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered Nepal $1 billion USD line of credit in August 2014, many Nepalese believed this would be utilized to implement the stalled 6,480 MW Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project. During the September 1996 Mahakali Treaty ratification, the Pancheshwar Project was claimed to make the ‘sun rise from the west’ for Nepal! In fact, the joint press release of the two prime ministers did stress to ‘finalise the DPR of Pancheshwar Development Project and begin implementation of the Project within one year.’ However, it was reported that, India’s External Affairs Secretary, Ms. Sujata Mehta, visited Nepal in November2014 and ‘concluded the terms and conditions for the credit line.’ While there was no word on the Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project, the Budhi Gandaki Hydropower Project suddenly raised its head with the government’s own finance minister strongly justifying it. Similarly, the Mahakali III Irrigation Project from the Tanakpur Barrage and amulti-lane motorable bridge over Mahakali River were also identified as projects to be funded through the Indian line of credit. This article examines the background of these three projects (Budhi Gandaki, Mahakali III, and bridge over Mahakali) and questions whether they were truly born in Singha Durbar, or further away in Delhi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12211 HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue No: 16 January, 2015 Page: 1-6 Uploaded date: March  1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128854586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-implementation or FDIs in Hydropower Development: A Dilemma","authors":"B. Manandhar","doi":"10.3126/HN.V16I0.12210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V16I0.12210","url":null,"abstract":"Not available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12210 Hydro Nepal Journal of water, energy and environment Issue. 16, 2015, Page : 1-1 Upload date: March 1, 2015","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115019587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Annapurna Water Cooperation Consensus","authors":"U. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/hn.v15i0.11382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11382","url":null,"abstract":"Not Available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11382 HYDRO Nepal Journal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Volume: 15, 32014, July Page: 90-92","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131506771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 60 versus 90 MW Battle over Upper Trishuli-3A The Victors and the Vanquished Classic Case of throwing the Baby out with the Bathwater!","authors":"S. Pun","doi":"10.3126/hn.v13i0.11381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hn.v13i0.11381","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Chronicling the Upper Trishuli-3A (UT-3A) controversy is necessary because it provides a classic example of what ails our power sector and why we suffer such long load shedding. With a concessional US$120 million loan from China, UT-3A was tendered in February 2009 as a 60 MW project but with an ‘alternative proposal’ caveat. Bids were opened in May 2009 and the lowest evaluated bidder, China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC), included a‘25% of the cost’ caveat for the ‘90 MW option’. NEA had envisaged starting project construction ‘from the dry season of 2009’. However, a full two years lapsed before the order to commence work on the 60 MW UT-3A was given in June 2011. This unduly long two year delay and the ‘chalkhel’ therein could be another chronicle in itself. The 60 versus 90 MW controversy then spilled over to the public. The blistering partisan stands of the media were compounded by the bureaucratic  ‘save your necks’ committees’ recommendations. Twenty months after the commencement order for the 60 MW was given, Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai’s cabinet approved ‘in principle’ the 90 MW upgrading in January 2013. This decision was lambasted for abuse of power ‘for personal and party’s bene?t ….. no other motive than earning cash.’ Strangely, the cat was ?nally belled by Khil Raj Regmi’s bureaucrat-led Interim Election government when the NEA Board on 31st May 2013 approved the 90 MW upgrading to ‘optimize available resources.’ The NEA Unions, supported by political stalwarts, immediately rose up in objection. In a mere 12 days, the Interim government buckled and the NEA Board was forced to eat the humble pie: it reversed its 90 MW decision to 60 MW for a ‘more congenial environment’ in the supply of electricity. This article attempts to analyze this controversial issue by reconstructing the sequence of events and decisions so that latter-day researchers will judge the victors and the vanquished in the UT-3A controversy. HYDRO Nepal Journal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Volume: 13, 2013, July Page: 8-15","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127214748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Short and Long Run Equilibrium Exists Between Electricity Consumption and Foreign Aid","authors":"K. Dhungel","doi":"10.3126/HN.V15I0.11293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/HN.V15I0.11293","url":null,"abstract":"Because of its limited and unmanaged internal resources to promote socio-economic development, Nepal has become an aid-dependent country. Past trends show that the majority of extant hydropower projects in Nepal were built through aid. In this light, using a single equation model, this study attempts to investigate short and long run equilibrium between two variables constructed from data collected between 1974-2011: 1) electricity consumption as the dependent variable, and 2) foreign aid as explanatory variable. There are two co-integrating equations that indicate a long run equilibrium between the variables. The long run elasticity coefficient reveals that a 1% change in foreign aid will change the electricity consumption by 0.48%. The results of ECM indicate that there is both short and long run equilibrium in the system. The coefficient of one period lag residual is negative and significant which represents the long run equilibrium. The coefficient is -0.336, which means that the system corrects its previous period disequilibrium at a speed of 33.6% annually. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11293 HYDRO Nepal Journal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Volume: 15, 2014, July Page: 48-52","PeriodicalId":117617,"journal":{"name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123502796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}