Engineering Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"Process and Device Simulation of SAW Temperature Sensors Compatible with 1 µm CMOS Technology","authors":"N. Belkhelfa, R. Serhane","doi":"10.3390/engproc2022014009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022014009","url":null,"abstract":"Process and device simulation of a surface acoustics wave (SAW) temperature sensor based AlN material as piezoelectric film, grown on Si wafer and patterned with Al electrodes, is described. CMOS 1 µm process is the process used to simulate a SAW sensor with number of IDT electrodes pairs Np = 16 using Silvaco software; fabrication steps inside the cleanroom are also described. The Athena Silvaco module is used for technological process simulation and the Atlas module is used to characterize the sensor in terms of electrical potential and electric field distribution under IDTs. IDS = f (VDS) simulation curves are compared to those issued from experimental characterizations performed on PMOS and NMOS transistors realized by 1 µm CMOS technology. The mask needed for SAW realization is designed. In order to choose the best sensor to manufacture, two SAW sensors with Np = 16 are characterized using Comsol multiphysics. Their IDTs length “a” and spacing “b” are 2 µm for the first sensor and 3 µm for the second one, which corresponds to 600 MHz and 400 MHz resonance frequencies respectively. The mechanical displacement field at the center frequency of the 3 µm structure and the reflection coefficients (S11) of both structures are determined to deduce the piezoelectric response. Afterwards, the SAW temperature sensors are studied in the temperature range extending from −25 °C to 200 °C; their sensitivities are evaluated at 19.10 ppm/°C and 23.53 ppm/°C for 600 MHz and 400 MHz devices respectively.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90464676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Trajectories: The Dataset Enabling Gate-to-Gate Flight Analysis","authors":"J. Fitzgerald, Enrico Spinielli, Allan Tart, R. Koelle","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021013014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021013014","url":null,"abstract":"Without a doubt, a publicly verifiable data is required to ensure a strong, transparent and independent air traffic management performance review system. Community sourced data (such as ADS-B/Mode S provided by OpenSky Network and others alike) has been used to analyse different aspects of air traffic management. The main drawback of such ADS-B data is the lack of crucial pieces of information that need to be inferred. On the other hand, Eurocontrol has used correlated position reports (CPRs) gathered from European Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) to conduct some of its actual/flown trajectory oriented performance analysis. The availability and the granularity of the CPRs vary between Eurocontrol Member States, making it difficult to perform accurate wide-scale studies. Using the strengths of both data sources would obviously result in great benefits. This paper describes the first step in creating a pan-European Flight Table (FT) and its supporting reference trajectories (RT). It is expected that the resulting dataset will be made available for the general public and that the work will continue to improve in scope and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80583528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Wearable Photoplethysmographic Sensors and Various Algorithms for Tracking of Heart Rates","authors":"Amarachukwu Ikechukwu Obi","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021010077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021010077","url":null,"abstract":"It is very challenging to estimate the accurate heart rate/beat during intense physical activities due to corruption of motion artifacts (MAs). However, it is difficult to reconstruct a clean signal and extract heart rate/beat from contaminated photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. It was also observed that various algorithms have been developed for use in the detection of heart rates during physical activities by reconstructing the contaminated PPG signals to clean PPG signals. Against this backdrop, an overview of the various algorithms was conducted with their results from various works. These results are such that the motion-tolerant adaptive algorithm indicated high agreement and high correlation of more than 0.98 for heart rate (HR) and 0.7 for pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) extraction between measurements by reference sensors and the algorithm. In addition, the distortion rates were reduced from 52.3% to 3.53%, at frequencies between 1 Hz and 2.5 Hz, when the two-dimensional active noise cancellation algorithm was applied representing daily motion such as walking and jogging. The correlation coefficient between the power spectral densities of the reference and reconstructed heart-rate time series was found to be 0.98, which showed that the spectral filter algorithm for motion artifacts and heart-rate reconstruction (SpaMA) method has a potential for PPG-based HR monitoring in wearable devices for fitness tracking and health monitoring during intense physical activities. The experimental result of the single-notch filter and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (NFEEMD) algorithm using the Pearson correlation was 0.992 which illustrated that the NFEEMD algorithm is not only suitable for HR estimation during continuous activities but also for intense physical activities with acceleration. Other algorithms suitable for HR estimation during physical activities include the time–frequency spectrum for the detection of motion artifacts (TifMA) algorithm, novel time-varying spectral filtering algorithm, noise-robust heart-rate estimation algorithm, real-time QRS detection algorithm, and many other algorithms in this regard.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81876258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Control Design of Multiple Quadrotors Formation","authors":"Hasham Muzammil, N. Siddique, Saad Ali Masud, Muhammad Rashad, Uzair Raoof, Iftikhar Hussain, Waqas Jabbar","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012093","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a control strategy is presented for multiple quadrotors, inclusive of sliding mode control and proportional derivative (PD) control, with the goal of providing stability, robustness, reduced disturbance, and formation tracking in uncertain conditions and environments. The presented control technique is based on Newton-Euler equations and satisfying Lyapunov’s stability conditions, using sliding mode controller design and PD controller design. The designed control technique was implemented, and the desired results were achieved with minimized position error, orientation error, and distance error, while adhering to Lyapunov’s stability conditions.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78230604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Lead-Free Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cell by Using SCAPS-1D","authors":"M. A. Shafi, H. Ullah, S. Ullah, Laiq Khan, Sumayya Bibi, B. M. Soucase","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012092","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments based on lead (Pb) halide perovskites have inspired extensive research into low-cost solar cells in attempt to overcome the primary issues such as stability and toxicity that occur in this area. Solar cell simulation of lead-free perovskite (CH3NH3SnBr3) as an absorber-based solar cell was performed using SCAPS-1D simulation tool in this work. An impact of absorber layer thickness and working temperature on photovoltaic characteristics of CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cells was investigated using numerical modeling techniques. The thickness was varied from 1.0 μm to 3.0 μm, and working temperature was varied from 290 K to 330 K, and their effect was examined on the photovoltaic parameters of proposed “Back Contact/CH3NH3SnBr3/CdS/ZnO/Front Contact” solar cell. The improvement in the efficiency of solar cell by optimization of CH3NH3SnBr3 absorber layer thickness and working temperature was observed.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90542389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Mitigate DDoS Attacks on SIP Based VoIP","authors":"Warda Amalou, M. Mehdi","doi":"10.3390/engproc2022014006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022014006","url":null,"abstract":"Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a recent technology used to transfer video and voice over the Internet Protocol (IP). Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the most widely used protocol for signaling functions in VoIP networks. However, the VoIP service is vulnerable to several potential security threats. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is a dangerous attack that prevents legitimate users from using VoIP services. In this paper, we propose a detection scheme based on the Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) method of analyzing packets to extract attack signatures for implementation in new VoIP DDoS attack detection rules with a low false negative rate. We have included experimental results to confirm the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75757657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Modular Helmet with an Innovative Information Relaying System","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Sattar, Saqib Fayyaz, M. Waseem, M. Saddique, M. Usama, Hassan Bin Ilyas","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012094","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents are a common occurrence throughout the world. The development of efficient electric vehicle (EVs) with high levels of safety is one of today’s biggest challenges. In this article, a novel modular bike helmet based on an RF transmitter and a helmet side based on Arduino Uno, an accelerometer and an LED array that can relay information to approaching vehicles has been proposed. Current motorbike helmets are a form of passive protective gear that only serve the purpose of avoiding fatal damage to the skull. The proposed helmet will add to the current functionality of a helmet by making it smarter, giving it a means of preventing an accident. The proposed helmet will broadcast information about the biker’s movements, such as acceleration and deceleration, to the approaching vehicles. This information has never been broadcasted to approaching vehicle before. Additionally, common turn and stop signals will be broadcasted, allowing the driver of any approaching vehicle to take informed decision that can ensure both their safety and that of the biker.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86559506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaic Panel Parameters Estimation Using Grey Wolf Optimization Technique","authors":"Cilina Touabi, H. Bentarzi","doi":"10.3390/engproc2022014003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022014003","url":null,"abstract":"In different photovoltaic PV applications, it is very important to model the PV cell. However, the model parameters are usually unavailable in the datasheet provided by the manufacturers and they change due to degradation. This paper presents a method for identifying the optimal parameters of a PV cell. This method is based on the one diode model using the grey wolf algorithm as well as datasheets. An algorithm is implemented in a SIMULINK simulator for making the I-V and P-V characteristics. This approach is found to be useful for designers due to its simplicity, fastness, and accuracy. The final results are compared to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89625763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery Potential, a Case Study in a Textile Mill","authors":"M. Nabeel, M. Mahmood, Naveed Ahmed, A. Iqbal","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012087","url":null,"abstract":"The world is facing an energy crisis due to globalization and the depletion of conventional energy sources. Fossil fuels are the primary energy source used to fulfill the energy demands in industries, transportation, and residential sectors. The industrial sector consumes one third of the world’s total energy, and around 50% of the energy is eventually wasted as heat. The textile industry is one of the most energy-intensive sectors. Therefore, a lot of research has been conducted on the reduction of energy costs and associated environmental effects. The main reason for energy inefficiency is the generation of waste heat and its utilization being ignored in the developing countries. The purpose of this research is to conduct a quantitative analysis of waste heat recovery from onsite electrical power generators in a textile mill. The investigated results indicate that an annual energy saving of 90,741 MWh and 10,936 MWh can be achieved with the installation of waste heat recovery boilers and economizers at the exhaust gases ducts of internal combustion engines, respectively. Utilization of the hot water from an engine’s jacket was estimated to save 30,095 MWh of energy annually. The recovered waste heat energy can be utilized in the processing unit and in the chiller section within the textile facility. The total energy saving is 131,772 MWh with a reduction of 52,708.8 tons in CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87351369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of a Teaching–Learning Strategy Change to Strengthen Geomatic Concepts and Tools in the Biosystems Engineering Academic Studies at the Universidad de Costa Rica","authors":"José Aguilar, Matías Cháves","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021009044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009044","url":null,"abstract":"A different teaching–learning strategy was implemented in the geomatic applications in the Biosystems Engineering course. The strategy, which was based on the educational theory of constructivism, promoted the strengthening of geomatic concepts and tools through case studies that aim to balance lectures and practices to achieve an efficient teaching–learning level. The evaluation and follow-up of this case study review the project’s progress and include students’ opinions, as collected in a survey over multiple semesters. The strategy allowed the classroom to become a space that promoted the benefit of the student’s experience in their professional training.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76953312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}