Environmental Disease最新文献

{"title":"Ratios of lymphocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis at different age stratifications","authors":"Peng Liu, Zhangdong Feng, Yuanyuan Ji, Zixin Zhang, Tinghong Zhang, Redina Bardhi, Zhi-Li Ji, W. Han","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_35_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_35_19","url":null,"abstract":"Goal: To explore the values of lymphocyte ratio (LR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients of different ages. Background and Aims: LR and NLR, as early markers, can predict the severity of disease in patients with AP according to previous studies. However, all of the studies ignored the influence of the age factor. Study: The patients with AP from January 2012 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) groups according to the latest Atlanta classification. In each group, the patients were further divided into the young and middle-aged group (ages ≤65), and the elderly group (ages >65). The neutrophil ratio (NR), LR and NLR were detected and collected within 24 h of disease onset. The relationship between various indicators and severity of AP was evaluated. Results: NLR (11.15±8.20 vs. 7.83±9.17 P < 0.001) significantly increased whereas LR (10.72±6.32 vs. 16.77±9.70 P < 0.001) significantly decreased in the SAP group compared to the MAP group. LR and NLR demonstrated a significant predictive value in the young- and middle-aged group. However, LR and NLR were not significant predictors in the elderly group. Conclusions: The LR reduction and NLR elevation in the early stages were closely related to the severity of AP. They were both important markers for predicting severity of AP, especially in the young and middle-aged patients.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"42 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global status of antimicrobial resistance: A long way to go","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_26_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_26_19","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has jeopardized the prevention and therapeutic option to a broad range of infections caused by microorganisms. The findings of a recently released global survey depicted that 68%, 44% and 80% of the 154 participating nations have developed a surveillance system for reporting drug-resistant infections among humans, tracking consumption of drugs, and establishment of necessary policies to regulate the sale of the drugs respectively. Despite the presence of these measures, the presence of unregulated medicines cannot be denied and it won't be wrong to say that drugs are being sold over the counter and without the prescription. In other words, these are a direct indication that there is an immense need for better investment and focused actions to respond to the problem. To summarize, antimicrobial resistance is a major and a serious threat to the global public health and essentially requires interventions across different nations and communities to deal with the problem.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"71 1","pages":"23 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75926164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome chaos: Redefying genetics, evolution, and environmental factors in medicine","authors":"Kezhong Zhang","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_12_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_12_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"2005 1","pages":"25 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86949333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between serum apolipoprotein A1 and serum uric acid level in patients with hyperuricemia","authors":"Yuan Wang, Zongwei Wang, Xin Li, Baoyu Zhang","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_22_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_22_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Patients with hyperuricemia is often associated with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the relationship between serum apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) and serum uric acid (UA) level was studied. Methods: Seventy-three patients with gout, 43 patients with hyperuricemia, and 70 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The liver and kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipid and other biochemical indicators were detected, and Apo-A1 content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: 73 patients with gout, 43 patients with hyperuricemia, and 70 healthy controls were included in the study. None of the patients had diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, or other chronic diseases. There was no difference in blood lipids among the three groups. The lower expressed Apo-A1 was validated in the hyperuricemia group and gout group (P < 0.001). Among all patients, Apo-A1 levels were negatively correlated with plasma UA level (R2 = −0.4925, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: It was confirmed that Apo-A1 was related to the change of plasma UA level to some extent.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"132 1","pages":"95 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85867669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there any need and scope for improvement in the vector control measures?","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_25_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_25_19","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the rapid and unplanned urbanization, varying use of lands, and an exponential rise in trade and global travel, the number of opportunities for a vector contact with humans has significantly increased. In fact, the recent global estimates depict that in excess of four-fifth of the world's population is at risk of at least one or more vector-borne diseases (VBDs). All these factors together justify the need for an urgent and a holistic approach to minimize the incidence and impact of VBDs. Systematic analyses of the existing vector control measures indicate that there is an immense scope to ameliorate the impact of vector control. In conclusion, there is a big-time need for having a collaborative and coordinated response for the containment of VBD worldwide, and thus, all the stakeholders should work together for the achievement of the same.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"25 1","pages":"93 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75980029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of glucocorticoid receptor in patients with small cell lung cancer with or without ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome","authors":"Xiaobo Wang, Jing Ke, Zongwei Wang, Yingmei Feng, Mingzhu Hu, Nannan Wu, D. Zhao","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_29_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_29_19","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting syndrome (EAS) is a relatively rare disease. EAS could not be inhibited by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid, which may be its most important characteristic. We aimed to explore the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with or without EAS. Materials and Methods: In this study, we first reported one patient with EAS caused by SCLC, and we examined the expression of ACTH and GR on pulmonary tissue in normal people and SCLC patients with or without EAS. Results: Immunochemistry analysis showed that there was no obvious difference in the expression of GR in SCLC without EAS compared with normal people. While in the EAS patient, GR expression was absent in the tissue. Conclusions: Therefore, our study found that lower expression of GR in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with EAS, which may contribute to the no inhibition by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"41 1","pages":"99 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88728903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diverse effects of climate change on health and related associations","authors":"Shawn Kaura, C. Mutebi, Yuchuan Ding","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_36_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_36_19","url":null,"abstract":"As the validity of climate change is tossed around like a political football, its effects on the health of the current and future populations continue to worsen. The effects are being seen across the globe, and they have social, ecological, and biological health implications. Populations are aging at rapid rates, creating larger demographics of people with social and physical dependency. This, combined with the current social and health inequity, will result in an increased burden of temperature-related morbidity and mortality on the elderly and racial minorities through the biological effects of extreme temperature. Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the world and will especially see sharp increases, as temperature rise exacerbates its effects. The extreme temperature from climate change is also negatively affecting agriculture and the symbiosis between humans and the environment, impacting not only our food systems, but our safety nets too. All these three components (social, ecological, and biological) interact and influence one another. This literature review analyzes the current research into these areas and describes their interplay, while suggesting novel approaches to address the impact climate change is having and will have on the health of the world.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"114 1","pages":"87 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87944636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of exposed carbon (II) oxide and air particulate matter concentrations in aba metropolis","authors":"Uche Akataobi","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_15_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_15_19","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study measured the level of air pollution; carbon monoxide (CO) and air particulate matter caused by human activities in Aba metropolis. Ten sample locations were selected from the most busy and populated part of the city (Aba South), based on human activities such as burning of tires, wood, rubber materials, construction and factory activities, vehicular emission, and the use of combustion engines. Material and Methods: Level of pollution was measured in the ten sample locations using Gasman air monitor for CO and Haz-Dust monitor for perticulater matter; once a week, twice a month (the 1st and 4th week) for 4 months. Results: Data collected were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance; the highest mean average value of 66.81 ppm was recorded in Water Side Junction, 4.508 ppm in Asa/Azikiwe Junction, 42.506 and 42.166 ppm in Main Park and Ngwa Road Junction, 39.667 ppm in Opopo Junction, 36.009 ppm in Portharcut Road Junction, 35.833 in New Market Road Junction, 33.833 ppm in Milverton Junction, whereas 33.666 ppm in Bata Junction was recorded as the lowest mean value of CO. PPM gave an average mean value between 4.921 μg/m3 and 5.415 μg/m3. Conclusion: The result then indicates CO pollution in the sampled locations.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"8 1","pages":"69 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87096441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm causes multiple pathological dysfunctions as presented by various biomarkers","authors":"Shawn Kaura, Yuchuan Ding","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_30_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_30_19","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM) is a growing public health concern due to growing economy rooted in the worldwide technological development. PM with a diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) enters the body due to its small size and can accrue in the lungs, enter circulation, and deposit itself along the endothelial walls. Understanding the different types of PM and the various biomarkers that accumulate in the body is imperative to understanding mechanisms of disease development to create potential treatment plans. Three main effects of PM2.5are examined: pro-inflammatory cytokines release upon exposure, DNA conformation breakage, and cancer metabolite accumulation. The pro-inflammatory cytokines release after periodical exposure to PM2.5revealed that despite the concentration of PM, the bodily release of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was elevated. IL-8 was universally secreted in highest amounts by the body. The potential role that DNA conformation breakage could play in disease onset or progression in specifically hepatocyte cells showed that DNA conformation breakage was inevitable in disease progression. Cancer onset as a result of PM2.5exposure was deemed attributable to reactive oxygen species properties in the PM as well as various metabolic dysfunctions. This mini-review examines some of the biomarkers that result from PM2.5exposure and attempts to provide insight into how legislative and community efforts can curb the rising rates of PM in the air.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"12 2 1","pages":"57 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocaine addiction severity exacerbates the negative association of lifetime lead exposure with blood pressure levels: Evidence from a pilot study.","authors":"Elena Colicino, Danielle B Hazeltine, Kelly M Schneider, Anna Zilverstand, Keren Bachi, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z Goldstein, Andy C Todd, Megan K Horton","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_21_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ed.ed_21_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High blood pressure (BP) is associated independently with cocaine use and lead exposure. It is not known whether cocaine use and lead exposure act jointly to disrupt cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether cocaine use modifies the association between cumulative lead levels and elevated BP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We measured cumulative tibia lead levels in 35 adults: 20 with cocaine use disorder (CUD) and 15 non-CUD controls using <i>in vivo</i> K-shell X-ray fluorescence. Generalized estimating equation regression determined associations between log₂-transformed lead and BP (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) and assessed the modifying association of cocaine use (as addiction severity) on the lead-BP relationship, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and education. Sensitivity analyses included correction for potential selection bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cases and controls differed by sex (%male: 90% vs. 67%), age (50.7 vs. 39.9 years), education (12.8 vs. 14.4 years), and tibia lead (3.50 vs. 2.35 μg/g). Lead was positively associated with systolic (<i>P</i> = 0.01) and diastolic BP (<i>P</i> = 0.01). We observed an interaction between lead and addiction severity on BP (<i>P</i> values for systolic BP: 0.01, diastolic BP: 0.003, and mean arterial BP: <0.0001); the association was stronger among individuals with more severe cocaine addiction: Systolic BP: Est.: 17.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.52; 26.26, diastolic BP Est.: 17.89, 95% CI: 7.33; 13.79, mean arterial BP: Est.: 13.09, 95% CI: 10.34; 15.83.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lead was adversely associated with BP. This association was strongest among individuals with more severe cocaine addiction. The results from this small pilot study suggest that the interaction between lead and cocaine should be considered in studies of substance abuse-related health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"4 3","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7822570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38856372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}