{"title":"Evaluating the sensitivity of surrogate optimization target properties characterizing droplet formation, evaporation, and chemical reactions to biodiesel composition reduction","authors":"Dávid Csemány","doi":"10.1002/ep.14628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid fuels contain a large number of components. However, it is not computationally feasible to implement the detailed composition into numerical solvers in combustion chamber design. Surrogate mixtures are used to facilitate calculations, which can reproduce the fuel characteristics with fewer components providing reasonable accuracy. Target properties are selected to characterize atomization, evaporation, and chemistry, and the composition is optimized. Even biodiesels, promising alternatives to conventional hydrocarbon fuels, are composed of numerous species. There are dominant components, which can imply the possibility of composition reduction. However, the sensitivity of target properties used for surrogate optimization to composition reduction is seldom discussed in the literature. The motivation of this work is to fill this gap by evaluating representative biodiesel samples with computational models. Fuel volatility shows higher sensitivity to component reduction than properties affecting atomization and chemical reactions. The distillation curve cannot consider the ambient temperature used in further simulations; however, it is decisive in the inclusion of less volatile components since they can extend the droplet lifetime by 60% at temperatures below 600 K. Therefore, the application of the droplet evaporation rate as a target property and its sensitivity to component reduction are analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ep.14628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution of coal pore system and its function on coal physical property","authors":"Mingjun Zou, Yue Sun, Zibin Ding, Runze Li","doi":"10.1002/ep.14625","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coal pore system controls physical properties of coals and influences CO<sub>2</sub> geological sequestration greatly. By using cumulative amplitude ratio method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, this paper classifies coal pore system of ten samples and analyzes the function of each pore system on coal physical property. Following cognitions are achieved. Ten samples can be divided into four types, and they are all developed type, diffusion pore dominated type, cleat dominated type, and permeation pore dominated type. Both maximum vitrinite reflectance and apparent density have slight positive relationships versus volumetric percentage of diffusion pore, while slight negative relationships with volumetric percentage of cleat. Porosity has a slight negative correlation with volumetric percentage of diffusion pore and a slight positive relationship with volumetric percentage of permeation pore. Irreducible water saturation has a linear relationship versus volumetric percentage of diffusion pore added by 40% of volumetric percentage of permeation pore. Permeability has an exponential relationship versus volumetric percentage of cleat added by 50% of volumetric percentage of permeation pore. It indicates that permeation pore acts as a combination of movable water and irreducible water, and both of them occupy nearly a half the volume of the entire permeation pore. However, as for permeation pore, its function to influence permeability is more emphatic than that to influence irreducible water saturation. It is of great significance to deeply investigate the pore function on gas and water migration and can be useful to guide the engineering processes during coalbed methane drainage and CO<sub>2</sub> geological sequestration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muralikrishna Boni, Venkateswarlu Velisala, Venkata Sai Sudheer Sudi, M. Adarsh Kumar
{"title":"Performance analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with various serpentine flow channel designs","authors":"Muralikrishna Boni, Venkateswarlu Velisala, Venkata Sai Sudheer Sudi, M. Adarsh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ep.14627","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), flow field plates are essential for distributing reactants across the catalyst surface, managing water, and minimizing pressure drop. This study explored various flow channel designs, including Wider Serpentine Flow Field (WSFF), Single Serpentine Flow Field (SFF), Wavy Serpentine Flow Field (WASFF), and Split Serpentine Flow Field (SPSFF). For each flow field design, the fuel cell was tested under variable operating conditions, such as Cell Operating Temperature (COT), Anode Humidification Temperature (AHT), Cathode Humidification Temperature (CHT), Anode Flow Rate (AFR), Cathode Flow Rate (CFR), and Operating Pressure (OP). The optimal conditions were determined to be a COT of 60°C, AHT of 70°C, CHT of 60°C, AFR of 300 sccm, CFR of 350 sccm, and OP of 3 bar. A comparative analysis of the four flow fields at these optimal conditions revealed that the SPSFF design achieved the highest cell performance, while the WSFF design resulted in the lowest. Additionally, the effect of clamping torque on the optimized SPSFF was analyzed, with a torque range of 4–8 N-m. It was found that a clamping torque of 7 N-m produced the maximum power density (MPD).</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization design of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands and water distribution engineering","authors":"Tian Jiandong, He Guifang","doi":"10.1002/ep.14609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland for the enhanced treatment of wastewater treatment plant tailwater is adopted as the research object. A complex large-scale system mathematical model is established with the head loss of the water distribution network pipeline as the coupling constraint condition; the hydraulic retention time of the constructed wetland, the economic flow rate of the water distribution pipeline, and the optional standard pipe diameter of the pipeline as the feasible domain constraint conditions; the height of the constructed wetland pool and diameter of the water distribution branch and trunk as the decision variables; and the minimum total annual cost of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands and water distribution engineering as the objective function. This model is first optimized through orthogonal experiments. Under different experimental combinations, the large system decomposition–dynamic programming aggregation method is used to obtain the annual cost target value of the project. The range analysis method is then employed to obtain the optimal experimental combination. Thereafter, the large system decomposition–dynamic programming aggregation method is used to obtain the minimum annual cost target value of the project and the optimal values of the above decision variables. In this article, the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland and water distribution engineering of a sewage treatment plant in Jiangsu is chosen as an example for comparative analysis of the conditions before and after optimization. The research results show that the optimization design method proposed in this article can reduce project construction and operation costs and generate economic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pradeep Kumar Meena, Sagar Shelare, Sujeet Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Prashant Mahadev Patane, Chandrika S Wagle, Sandika Dixit Awale
{"title":"Techno-economic analysis and sustainable advancements in food waste conversion to biogas and hydrogen fuel","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Meena, Sagar Shelare, Sujeet Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Prashant Mahadev Patane, Chandrika S Wagle, Sandika Dixit Awale","doi":"10.1002/ep.14606","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating global waste generation, driven by population growth, includes billions of tons of food waste annually, posing significant risks to human health and the environment. This study addresses these challenges by exploring sustainable waste-to-energy solutions, focusing on biogas and hydrogen production from food waste. Anaerobic digestion emerges as a promising technology for converting food waste into valuable resources such as biofuel, bioenergy, and fertilizers, providing an eco-friendly alternative to landfill disposal. Additionally, hydrogen production from food waste offers a pathway to cleaner and renewable energy, though it requires cost-effective and sustainable approaches for widespread adoption. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art biogas and hydrogen production technologies, supported by a detailed techno-economic evaluation of their potential applications. Key findings include strategies to optimize conversion processes and enhance efficiency. The study concludes by proposing advancements to current technologies, underscoring their role in establishing a sustainable renewable energy framework and contributing to global waste management solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ephedra herb as a sustainable source: Insights into its role in metal nanoparticle synthesis—A review","authors":"Mahin Naderifar, Abbas Ghahramani, Minoosadat Mousavi Nik, Naghmeh Satarzadeh, Majid Reza Akbarizadeh, Hamid Pajavand, Hiva Hosseininasab, Amin Sadeghi Dousari","doi":"10.1002/ep.14624","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are various physical and chemical techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles. However, the green synthesis of nanoparticles, particularly the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants, has garnered significant interest from researchers worldwide. In addition to being an environmentally safe technique, green synthesis offers numerous biological applications, including antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, wound healing, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. <i>Ephedra</i> (ma-huang) is a valuable resource for phytochemical components that have pharmaceutical effects, such as phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. These compounds, which possess antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, have attracted attention as reducing and stabilizing agents to facilitate the synthesis of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles. Various metallic nanoparticles, including silver, gold, copper, selenium, arsenic, and zinc, have been synthesized using <i>Ephedra</i> extracts, demonstrating antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles utilizing different species of the <i>Ephedra</i> plant and to explore their biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance investigation of earth air heat exchanger: A synergistic approach of 3D simulation and its experimental validation for heating mode","authors":"Saif Nawaz Ahmad, Om Prakash, Prashant Saini","doi":"10.1002/ep.14620","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the thermal performance of Earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems for heating purposes through a combination of 3D simulations and corresponding experimental analyses. EAHE systems hold potential for enhancing thermal comfort in various settings, such as residential buildings, offices, and laboratories. However, field experiments are constrained by factors like uncontrolled environments, limited repeatability, and extensive land requirements. Therefore, a laboratory test setup featuring variable diameters was constructed, and experiments were carried out to assess system performance across different climatic zones. The study reveals that smaller pipes exhibit the most significant rise in outlet temperature at lower air velocities, while the effectiveness of EAHE diminishes with increasing airflow velocity. Furthermore, smaller-diameter pipes outperform larger ones. The simulated results were validated with experimental data, indicating disparities in Nusselt numbers and friction factors among the pipes. The maximum differences observed were 9.18%, 10.9%, and 11.2% for Nusselt numbers and 6.21%, 11.22%, and 9.45% for friction factors, respectively, for smaller, medium, and larger diametric pipes. These variations between simulation and experimentation can be attributed to human errors, procedural discrepancies, and environmental influences. Therefore, these slight variations between the results indicate a satisfactory level of agreement between them.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shafiqur Rehman, Luai M. Alhems, Muhammad M. Rafique
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of carbon reduction credits on the techno-economic feasibility of high-temperature particle receiver technology for sustainable industrial heat applications","authors":"Shafiqur Rehman, Luai M. Alhems, Muhammad M. Rafique","doi":"10.1002/ep.14619","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Decarbonizing high-temperature industrial processes, such as steel and cement production, remains a significant challenge due to their substantial heat demands. Particle receiver technology offers a novel approach by utilizing solar energy to deliver process heat at temperatures exceeding 1000°C, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. However, its large-scale adoption hinges on economic feasibility, which has been insufficiently explored in previous studies. This study uniquely assesses the techno-economic viability of a 100 MW high-temperature particle receiver system for industrial applications, incorporating the impact of varying carbon reduction credit rates—an aspect not extensively analyzed in existing literature. Results indicate that the system could offset 612,272 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> annually, supporting the EU-2050 net-zero target. The findings demonstrate that integrating carbon credit mechanisms can significantly enhance economic viability, providing a policy pathway for accelerating the adoption of high-temperature solar technologies in heavy industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nedaa Al-Tawalbeh, Muhammad Hamza Zafar, Ibrahim Abuishmais, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri, Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi
{"title":"Maximizing energy harvesting in grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator systems: An adaptive global power tracking technique","authors":"Nedaa Al-Tawalbeh, Muhammad Hamza Zafar, Ibrahim Abuishmais, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri, Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi","doi":"10.1002/ep.14621","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an innovative strategy to optimize the integration of thermoelectric generator (TEG) and photovoltaic (PV) technologies into a hybrid system linked to a three-phase grid, aiming to enhance renewable energy harvesting and raise overall system efficiency. An adaptive overstepping tracking algorithm is presented to meet the requirements of hybrid PV-TEG systems for grid-connected applications, combining the advantages of conventional perturb and observe techniques with a modified trapezoidal rule based technique. The validations were conducted under a wide range of weather fluctuations, including varying irradiance, temperature gradients, complex partial shading levels, and dynamic sun irradiation. The results of the simulation show that the proposed method performs better than some of the most widely used metaheuristic approaches, exhibiting notable gains in energy yield of over 99.7% efficiency with a response time of less than 10 ms, reducing steady-state error (SSE) to less than 0.2%. Experimentally, the proposed technique has been put into practice and evaluated in a variety of additional weather scenarios using a solar simulator and a microcontroller (TMS320F28335) as the main part of the implemented setup. In all tests that were carried out, the reliable and stable response with an efficiency of over 99% was approved. The findings demonstrate that the adaptive MPPT technique can significantly enhance the stability and efficiency of solar systems, paving the way for more robust and high-performing renewable energy solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Rodrigo Silva Moura, Thiago Fernandes de Aquino, Flavio Michels Bianchi, Vanessa Olivo Viola, Beatriz Bonetti, Lauber de Souza Martins, Fernando Henrique Milanese
{"title":"Co-combustion of coal and biomass waste in pilot-scale for energy use","authors":"Pedro Rodrigo Silva Moura, Thiago Fernandes de Aquino, Flavio Michels Bianchi, Vanessa Olivo Viola, Beatriz Bonetti, Lauber de Souza Martins, Fernando Henrique Milanese","doi":"10.1002/ep.14608","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ep.14608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of biomass in co-combustion systems using fluidized bed technology is considered a viable alternative to reduce the emission of pollutants. The herein study presents an experimental analysis to determine the technical feasibility of using run-of-mine (ROM) coal and its waste combined with biomass in a combustor of bubbling fluidized bed in pilot scale. The proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and heat values were performed to characterize the fuels, and the chemical composition of the gases was monitored. During the co-combustion tests, it was observed that a lower mass flow rate of fuel was needed for mixtures of coal and biomass to reach the operating temperature of the bed when compared to other fuels. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the unburned material was less than 1% in the bottom ashes and less than 7.3% in the fly ashes. For all the performed tests, a SO<sub>2</sub> removal efficiency of 75.8% was reached, and the results indicate that the gas can be used to generate other sulfur compounds. The combustion efficiency was found to be in the range of 91.8% and 96.6%, which demonstrates that co-combustion of coal, its wastes, and biomass is a promising option for heat generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11701,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ep.14608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}