Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture最新文献

{"title":"Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes svarīgāko notikumu hronoloģija, 2022./2023. studiju gads","authors":"Rūta Lapsa, Ilze Gudro","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"31 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rīgas Politehniskā institūta profesora Mihaila Berlova (1867–1935) pedagoģiskais un zinātniskais mantojums","authors":"Svetlana Kovaļčuka, Alīda Zigmunde","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"Mašīnbūves speciālista, Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) mācībspēka (1897–1918), profesora (1904) Mihaila Berlova (Михаил Берлов; 1867–1935) pedagoģiskā un zinātniskā darbība saistīta ar Rīgu 19. gadsimta beigās un 20. gadsimta pirmajā pusē, kā arī ar Krievijas pilsētu Ivanovovozņesensku (patlaban – Ivanova). M. Berlovs bija pirmais Ivanovovozņesenskas Politehniskā institūta (IPI) rektors (1918–1921), kurš 1921. gadā atgriezās Rīgā, ieguva Latvijas pavalstniecību un strādāja Nikolaja Okolo-Kulaka Krievu tehnikumā. Pētījumā atklāts arī pedagoga un zinātnieka ieguldījums mācību grāmatu sastādīšanā, kas tika izmantotas studijās Krievijas impērijā, tostarp tagadējās Latvijas teritorijā 20. gadsimta pirmajā pusē un Latvijas Republikas pastāvēšanas pirmajos gados. The pedagogical and scientific activity of a mechanical engineer, a faculty member (1897–1918) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Professor (1904) Mikhail Berlov (Михаил Берлов; 1867–1935) at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century was related to Riga, as well as the Russian city of Ivanovo- Voznesensk (at present – Ivanovo). M. Berlov was the first Rector of the Ivanovo- Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute (IVPI; 1918–1921), who returned to Riga in 1921, obtained Latvian citizenship, and worked at the Russian Technical School of Nikolai Okolo-Kulak. The research also revealed the contribution of the pedagogue and scientist to the compilation of textbooks that were used in the Russian Empire, including in the territory of present-day Latvia in the first half of the 20th century and in the first years of the Republic of Latvia.","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"32 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priekšvārds","authors":"","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"32 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Konstruktori un piloti – pasaules aviācijas attīstības veicinātāji (1900–1914)","authors":"Ginters Zolingers","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"Pacelties spārnos, pārvarot Zemes pievilkšanās spēku, un lidot ir bijis sens cilvēku sapnis, kas īstenojās 20. gadsimta pirmajā desmitgadē, pateicoties dažu Eiropas un ASV konstruktoru projektiem un praktiskiem eksperimentiem. 1911. gada sākumā vairāku tūkstošu pilotu, tostarp lidmašīnu konstruktoru, darbība piesaistīja ne tikai plašu sabiedrības uzmanību, bet arī militāro iestāžu interesi. Rakstā analizēti nozīmīgi dati par 13 369 konstruktoriem un pilotiem no 51 pasaules valsts no 1900. līdz 1914. gadam – valsts piederība, militārais rangs, sertifikācijas datums un vieta, lidmašīnu ekspluatācijas vieta, iekšzemes un ārvalstu lidmašīnu tipi, bojā gājušo skaits utt. Šai grupai pievienoti helikopteru, ornitopteru, planieru un citu lidojošo aparātu konstruktori, apzinot 14 142 personu datus. Flight heavier-than air, despite speculations long back in history, made its breakthrough during the first decade of the 20th century, based on the designs and practical experiments of at first a handful of constructors in Europe and the United States. Already by early 1911, the activities of several thousand aviators, constructors of airplanes included, attracted not only wide public attention but also the interest of military establishments. The article analyzes significant data – nationality, profession, military rank, date and location of certification, location of airplane operations, domestic and foreign airplane types, and fatalities – for 13 369 constructors and aviators from 51 countries worldwide and active between 1900 and 1914. Added to this group are the constructors of helicopters, ornithopters, gliders and other f lying apparatus, resulting in a total of 14 142 individuals.","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"170 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pirmie inženieri un arhitekti, kas dzimuši pašreizējās Ziemeļmaķedonijas teritorijā","authors":"Vladimir B. Ladinski","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"Rakstā sniegts ieskats par pirmajiem inženieriem un arhitektiem tagadējās Ziemeļmaķedonijas teritorijā, kuri absolvējuši augstskolu pirms valsts izveidošanas 1944. gada 2. augustā, kā arī pirms pirmās Tehniskās fakultātes dibināšanas Skopjē 1949. gadā. Lielākā daļa apzināto inženieru un arhitektu ir vīrieši, kuri starpkaru periodā absolvējuši 1846. gadā dibināto Belgradas Universitātes (Serbija) Tehnisko fakultāti. Sievietes inženierzinātnēs un arhitektūrā ienāca pagājušā gadsimta 30. gados. Daži no pirmajiem absolventiem savu profesionālo karjeru turpināja citviet. Noskaidroti trīs Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI; Latvija) absolventi, kuriem Belgradas Universitātes Tehniskā fakultāte ir atzinusi iegūto grādu, kā arī viena serbiete, inženiere un arhitekte, kura apskatāmajā periodā neilgu laiku dzīvoja Rīgā. Pētījums atklāj līdz šim maz zināmus Ziemeļmaķedonijas inženierzinātņu un arhitektūras vēstures aspektus. This article presents the initial results of the ongoing research into the early engineers and architects born in the past on the territory of present North Macedonia, who graduated before the establishment of the country on 2 August 1944, prior to the founding of the first Technical Faculty in Skopje in 1949. The majority of the identified engineers and architects were men who graduated within the interwar period from the Technical Faculty at the University of Belgrade (Serbia), founded in 1846. Women started entering engineering and architecture in the 1930s. Some of the early graduates pursued their professional careers elsewhere. Three graduates of Riga Polytechnic Institute (Latvia) were identified, who had their degrees recognized by the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, as well as one Serbian woman, an engineer, and an architect who briefly lived in Riga within the researched period. This study contributes to the history of engineering and architecture in North Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"174 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latviešu tehniskās inteliģences veikums terminoloģijas jomā līdz Latvijas Republikas izveidei","authors":"Māris Baltiņš","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Rakstā apcerēta tehniskās terminoloģijas attīstība latviešu valodā līdz neatkarīgās valsts – Latvijas Republikas – proklamēšanai 1918. gadā. Par pirmajiem tehniskās terminoloģijas veidotājiem kļuva Tautiskās atmodas darbinieki, apcerot tolaik aktuālus tehniskus jaunievedumus (piemēram, Juris Alunāns (1832–1864) par telegrāfu 1860. gadā). Pārliecinoši vajadzības pēc tehniskiem terminiem kļuva redzamas pēc Otrās Baltijas lauksaimniecības izstādes, kad radās grūtības latviešu valodā aprakstīt izstādāmos eksponātus. Būtiski soļi terminoloģijas izveidē bija Rīgas Politehnikuma (RP) studentu Mikus Skruzīša (arī Skruzīšu Mikus; 1861–1905) iniciatīvai vākt tautā lietotos dažādu vienkāršu ierīču detaļu nosaukumus un Nikolaja Puriņa (arī Puriņu Klāvs; 1858–1935) ierosmei izdot pašizglītības līdzekļus celtniecībā («Būvskola») un mašīnbūvē («Mašīnu būvskola»). Pieaugot rūpniecībā nodarbināto latviešu īpatsvaram un tehnisko izglītību ieguvušo personu skaitam, palielinājās nepieciešamība veidot biedrības, kas rūpētos gan par tehnisko izglītību latviešu valodā, gan par nepieciešamajiem terminiem. Īpaši izceļama Baltijas Tehniskā biedrība (1906) un Latviešu izglītības biedrība (1908), kas izveidoja savas terminoloģijas komisijas. Būtiska nozīme terminoloģijas sistematizēšanai bija arī enciklopēdiskajām vārdnīcām, it īpaši Rīgas Latviešu biedrības Zinību komisijas izdotajai konversācijas vārdnīcai (1903–1921). Pētījums veikts Latvijas Zinātnes padomes valsts pētījumu programmas projektā «Mūsdienu latviešu valodas lietojums un attīstība» (Nr. VPP-LETONIKA-2022/1-0001). The article considers the development of technical terminology in the Latvian language until the proclamation of the independent state of Latvia in 1918. The activists of the National Awakening became the first creators of technical terminology, describing current technical innovations as, for example, Juris Alunāns (1832–1864) did in 1860 for the telegraph. The need for technical terms became apparent after the Second Baltic Agricultural Exhibition when difficulties arose in describing the showcased exhibits in Latvian. Significant steps in the development of terminology were made on the initiative of student Mikus Skruzītis (also Skruzīšu Mikus; 1861–1905), who suggested collecting frequently used names of parts of various simple devices, and the initiative of Nikolajs Puriņš (also Puriņu Klāvs; 1858–1935) to publish self-education materials in construction («Būvskola» or Building School) and mechanical engineering («Mašīnu būvskola» or Machine Building School). As the proportion of Latvians employed in the industry and the number of persons who received technical education increased, the need to establish organizations that would take care of both technical education in Latvian and the coinage of the necessary terms became more apparent. The Baltic Technical Society (1906) and the Latvian Educational Society (1908), which established their own terminology committees, deserve special recognition. ","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"33 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kuģniecības inženiera, virsnieka Edgara Oto Pinkas (1895–1941) dzīves līkloči","authors":"Indulis Zvirgzdiņš","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Pētījumā rodams plašs un vispusīgs dokumentos balstīts vidzemnieka inženiera Edgara Oto Pinkas (1895–1941) mūža izvērtējums. Tas saistīts ar kuģiem, dienestu Latvijā, Krievijā un Francijā, Parīzes Latviešu biedrību. Veicot pētījumu par E. O. Pinkas mācību un darba gaitām, autors inženiera dzīvi apzinājis no dzimšanas līdz mūža beigām, atspoguļojot viņa kā viena no labākajiem speciālistiem Latvijas jūras spēkos inženiera mehāniķa, kuģniecības inženiera, virsnieka un pedagoga gaitas. Nozīmīgs ir arī E. O. Pinkas ieguldījums Latvijas un latviešu mūzikas popularizēšanā Francijā 20. gadsimta 30. gadu sākumā. Interesi par mūziku mantojusi viņa meita, Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) absolvente (1964) Māra Pinka. Raksts tapis, izpētot Latvijas bibliotēku, arhīvu, muzeju krājumus un sazinoties ar E. O. Pinkas dzimtas turpinātājiem. Based on the documents, the study provides a wide and comprehensive evaluation of the life of an engineer and citizen from Vidzeme Edgars Otto Pinka (1895–1941). His life was related to ships, military service in Latvia, Russia, and France, and the Latvian Society of Paris. Researching E. O. Pinka’s studies and work, the author has studied the engineer’s life from birth to the end of his life, reflecting on his progress as one of the best specialists in the Latvian Navy in his capacity of an engineer mechanic, shipping engineer, officer, and pedagogue. The contribution of E. O. Pinka to raising awareness about Latvia and Latvian music in France in the early 1930s is also significant. His daughter, a graduate (1964) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Māra Pinka, inherited his interest in music. The article was developed by studying the collections of Latvian libraries, archives, and museums and communicating with the successors of E. O. Pinka’s family.","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rīgas Politehniskā institūta absolventa (1916) Jāņa Rupā (1889–1974) pedagoģiskā darbība Latvijā","authors":"Alīda Zigmunde, Ilze Gudro, Ilze Ūsele, Ineta Bauere","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Pētījums par inženieri, pedagogu, Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) Ķīmijas nodaļas absolventu (1916) Jāni Rupo (1889–1974) veikts, izmantojot Latvijas Nacionālā arhīva Latvijas Valsts vēstures arhīva un Latvijas Valsts arhīva dokumentus, kā arī Gulbenes novada vēstures un mākslas muzeja krājumu. Raksts par Latvijā 20. gadsimtā pazīstamo pedagogu – Gulbenes Valsts komercskolas un arodskolas ilggadējo un vienīgo direktoru (1926–1944) – J. Rupo atklāj arī viņa darbību pēc Otrā pasaules kara Rīgas industriālajā politehnikumā. Tajā raksturotas gan mācību iestādes, gan direktors un skolotājs J. Rupais un viņa darba metodes, paveiktā nozīmīgums Gulbenei un Latvijai. The research on Jānis Rupais (1889–1974), engineer, pedagogue, and graduate of the Department of Chemistry (1916) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), was conducted using the documents of the National Archives of Latvia, the Latvian State Historical Archive and the Latvian State Archives, as well as Gulbene Municipality Museum of History and Art. The article about the well-known pedagogue in Latvia in the 20th century – the long-term and only Principal of Gulbene State Commercial School and Vocational School (1926–1944) J. Rupais also reflects on his activities after World War II at Riga Industrial Polytechnicum. It describes both the educational institutions, the principal and pedagogue J. Rupais and his work methods, and the contribution he made to Gulbene and Latvia.","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmijas Goda doktora Voldemāra Dāles (1922–2008) zinātniskā darbība un ieguldījums enerģētikas attīstībā","authors":"Austra Avotiņa","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmijas (LZA) Goda doktors (Dr. h. c.), ilggadējs Fizikālās enerģētikas institūta vadošais pētnieks profesors Voldemārs Dāle (1922–2008) visu darba mūžu veltījis zinātnei. Nozīmīgākā V. Dāles pētījumu joma bija matemātisko metožu un datortehnikas izmantošana elektroenerģētikas attīstības dinamiskā optimizācijā. Galvenie zinātniskā darba virzieni: energosistēmu attīstības plānošanas un prognozēšanas metodes; Latvijas un Baltijas energosistēmu attīstības problēmu izpēte; energosistēmu matemātiskās modelēšanas metodes, ievērojot apkārtējas vides faktorus. 1964. gadā iznāca monogrāfija par pētniecības rezultātiem elektrisko tīklu attīstības optimizācijā. Par šo darbu trīs zinātnieku grupai, tostarp V. Dālem, 1965. gadā piešķirta Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskās Republikas (LPSR) Valsts prēmija. Honorary Doctor (Dr. h. c.) of the Latvian Academy of Sciences (LAS), long-time leading researcher of the Institute of Physical Energetics, Professor Voldemārs Dāle (1922–2008) devoted his entire working life to science. The most important field of V. Dāle’s research was the use of mathematical methods and computer technology in the dynamic optimization of power engineering development. The main areas of his scientific work include planning and forecasting methods of power system development; research on development problems of the Latvian and Baltic energy systems; methods of mathematical modelling of power systems considering the environmental factors. A monograph on research results in the optimization of electrical network development published in 1964 written by a group of three scientists, including V. Dāle, received the State Prize of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR), which was awarded in 1965.","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"30 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam","authors":"Jānis Krastiņš, Alīda Zigmunde","doi":"10.7250/iav.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":116827,"journal":{"name":"Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture","volume":"31 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}