Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the synergistic toxicity of synthetic pesticides and their impact on development and behavior of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)","authors":"Saadia Iqbal, Zhihang Zhuo, Habib Ali, Danping Xu, Yasir Niaz, Adnan Noor Shah, Hasham S. Almoallim, Mohamad Javed Ansari, M. Bodlah, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Javed Iqbal, Noman Ali Buttar","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.122884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.122884","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing concern regarding the impact of pesticide exposure on pollinators, particularly honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). This concern arises from their crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and global food production. Therefore, an extensive investigation has been conducted to explore the intricate relationship between pesticides and the biological development of honey bees in the Rahim Yar Khan region. This study assessed the impact of four pesticides (Emamectin benzoate, Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid, and Acetamiprid) on honey bee eggs, larvae, and adult bees under controlled laboratory conditions. The pesticides were applied at concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%, as per regional agricultural recommendations. A zero-toxicity control was also included for comparison. Toxicity evaluations were conducted through contact exposure, and Probit and regression analyses were performed using SPSS software to comprehensively assess the toxicity profiles. The study revealed significant adverse effects on the immediate behavioral responses of A. mellifera following pesticide exposure. These effects included heightened agitation, narcotic-like symptoms, audible hovering, crawling, ceased food-sharing behavior, and reduced proboscis extension. Chlorpyrifos exhibited the highest toxicity against adult bees, while Emamectin Benzoate had the least toxicity. Regarding honey bee eggs, Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid, and Acetamiprid were notably more toxic, whereas Emamectin Benzoate exhibited the least toxicity. The impact on larvae varied across developmental stages and pesticides, with Imidacloprid, Chlorpyrifos, and Acetamiprid causing significant mortality, while Emamectin Benzoate showed lower toxicity. The study highlights that Emamectin Benzoate demonstrates lower toxicity compared to other insecticides. This emphasizes the importance of balancing effective pest management with the preservation of pollinator health. The findings underscore the need for informed and sustainable approaches to pesticide use, taking into consideration the potential repercussions on honeybee development and behavior.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141346233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn and cassava flours can replace wheat flour in gluten-free fish fingers","authors":"A. Cavenaghi-Altemio, Gustavo Graciano Fonseca","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.120492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.120492","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to develop and to characterize fish fingers prepared with mechanically separated meat of hybrid surubim, with and without gluten. Four treatments were evaluated by varying the three steps of pre-dusting, battering, and breading. They have included wheat flour (T1), fishmeal (T2), corn flour (T3) or a blend of corn flour and cassava flour (T4). Characterization was carried out in terms of chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory analyzes. Moisture content of the samples varied from 59.73% (T3) to 61.14% (T1), protein from 10.60% (T3) to 14.25% (T2), crude fiber from 11.00 to 11.42%, lipid from 4.42 (T1) to 10.91% (T2), and ash from 1.96% (T3) to 2.60% (T2). The highest breading yield (27.15%) coincided with the lowest shear strength (5.75 N) for T1. A darker color was observed for T2, which was prepared with fish meal. The average scores of the sensory attributes ranged from 6.12 to 7.50. All treatments presented acceptance indexes above 70%, except for the color attribute of T2. The purchase intentions for “certainly would purchase” and “possibly would purchase” were 82, 64, 72, and 72% for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, with a rejection index ranging from 6 to 14%. It was concluded that treatments with corn flour (T3) and the mixture 1:1 of corn flour and cassava flour (T4) are good alternatives to replace wheat flour (T1), favoring celiac consumers.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological quality of raw milk under a scheme of good milking and storage practices in a goat production system in the Lagunera Region, Mexico","authors":"Luis M. Isidro-Requejo, Francisco J. Pastor-López, J. Maldonado-Jáquez, Uriel Figueroa-Viramontes, Homero Salinas-González","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.121230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.121230","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy products provide essential nutrients when consumed and they also create rural employment. A small dairy can help a family maintain their livelihood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw goat milk obtained during the milking-storage process using Good Hygiene Practices. The study was carried in northern Mexico, which is characterized by a desert climate. The experiment was carried in four herds, six samplings per herd with a total of 302 goats. Samples of milk extracted directly from the udder, milk extracted from the milking bucket and milk extracted from the storage bucket were analyzed. In addition, samples were taken from the milker’s hands. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the statistical difference with the Tuky test (p < 0.05). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in Total Coliforms (TC) for milker’s hands, milk extracted directly from the udder, milk extracted from the milking vat and milk extracted from the storage vat. However, at the time when the Good Hygiene Milking Practices GHPM treatment was stopped (June-July), higher CFU/mL of TC were observed in all stages of the milking-storage process. The pathogenic microorganisms identified were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. raw goat milk can be easily contaminated during the milking-storage process, since the common practice is to milk in the pen among other animals, manure and soil. To improve quality and sustainability parameters, it is necessary to have an exclusive space for milking as well as the implementation of GHPM. Better business alliances and better ethics between suppliers and industrial producers are also necessary.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global warming’s grip on agriculture: Strategies for sustainable production amidst climate change using regression based prediction","authors":"Chengping Zhang, Chengzhi Lyu, Tang Hao, Jinru Liu, N. Sarhan, Emad Mahrous Awwad, Y. Ghadi","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.125630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.125630","url":null,"abstract":"The intersection of climate change and food production is emerging as a critical area of research, focusing on both the potential benefits and the significant challenges posed by changing climate conditions. Elevated levels of carbon dioxide alongside rising global temperatures could theoretically boost crop yields, benefiting both human and animal consumption. This study examines the impact of various climate variables—temperature, humidity, precipitation, and soil moisture—on the primary production of essential foods such as rice, wheat, livestock, milk, eggs, vegetables, and fruits. Utilizing data from different countries spanning from 2000 to 2020, drawn from world development indicators, this research employs econometric analysis coupled with deep learning-based cluster analysis. Additionally, it projects future production trends up to 2100 using the moving average time series forecasting method. The findings reveal a direct correlation between climate variables and the production levels of vegetables and other food items, highlighting the immediate effects of climatic changes on agriculture. The study also points out the uneven distribution of these climate impacts, with developing countries facing more severe challenges due to their limited resources and adaptive capacities. This uneven impact contributes to increased uncertainty in food supply and affects market stability. Furthermore, concerns about food safety are intensifying under the influence of climate change, although some regions have implemented effective food conservation and control measures to mitigate these risks. This research underscores a complex landscape where the risks and benefits of climate change on food production are not uniformly distributed, but rather are influenced by a myriad of factors including geographic location, economic conditions, and the level of technological advancement in food safety practices. The nuanced understanding of these dynamics is crucial for developing targeted strategies to enhance food security in the face of a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil carbon dynamics effect on growth and yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) with varying tillage practices","authors":"Mehmood Ul Hassan, Abdul Qayyum, Mazhar Rafique, H. Almoallim, Mohammad Javed Ansari","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.124138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.124138","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy tillage practices to conserve moisture from monsoon rains are common in rainfed regions. Rainfed regions have wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a main crop while rest of the year minor crops are grown such as lentil. Heavy tillage practices not only destroyed the soil structure but also caused loss of carbon. This study was designed to investigate impact of different tillage practices on yield of lentil (Lens culinaris) and carbon dynamics. Three tillage practices were considered as: T1 = 6 cultivations (Control), T2 = moldboard plough + 2 cultivations, T3 = chisel plough + 2 cultivations. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications to investigate the impact of tillage practices on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the yield of lentil crop. Results indicated that during both the years (2018–2019), moldboard plough with 2 cultivations (T2) reduced CO2 emission (40.28%), DOC (22.58%) and SOC (51.07%) and increased lentil yield (56.39%) as compared to control. Results of soil carbon monitoring indicated that use of moldboard and chisel plough along with 2 cultivations before the onset of monsoon under rainfed conditions can reduce CO2 emission and improve the yield compared to conventional tillage practices. Results of the experiment suggest the farmers of the rainfed area that they should use moldboard and chisel plough along with 2 cultivations before the onset of monsoon so that CO2 emission can be minimized, and they can get more better yield compared to conventional tillage practices which causes loss of CO2 and nutrients.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lignite-based sulphur fertilizer levels on soil properties and growth of Brassica napus","authors":"Azmat Ali Nosher, Abdul Manaf, Qaiser Hussain, Sehrish Anwar, Rana Noman Anwar, Laiba Mukhtar, Yamin Bibi, S. Salmen, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Abdul Qayyum","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.123227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.123227","url":null,"abstract":"Lignite and sulphur are instrumental in enhancing the growth and yield-related traits of Brassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed. This study aimed to explore the effects of lignite-based sulphur fertilizers on Brassica napus production. Spanning two consecutive seasons, the experiment included treatments with a control group, three levels of elemental sulphur (30, 40, and 50 kg ha-1), and three levels of lignite-based sulphur fertilizer (30, 40, and 50 kg ha-1). Employing a randomized complete block design with four replications, the study revealed that applying lignite-based sulphur fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha-1 led to significant improvements in various growth parameters, such as plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, biological yield, seed yield, thousand seed weight, and oil yield. Notably, substantially higher seed and oil yields were achieved with the application of 50 kg ha-1 of lignite-based sulphur fertilizer. In semi-arid climates, to maximize rapeseed yield, yield components, and quality, it is advisable to utilize lignite-based sulphur fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha-1.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of salt tolerance in Algerian oasis wheat landraces: An examination of biochemical, physiological, and agronomical traits","authors":"Hadji Toka, Boulacel Mouad, Fethi Farouk Kebaili, Hadji Maroua, Ghennai Awatef, Bendif Hamdi","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.118894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.118894","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat landraces cultivated in the oases of Algeria are are know for their resistance to abiotic stresses as a result of the extreme environmental constraints of the Sahara. As such, these landraces represent valuable breeding material for improving abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. This study was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance of bread and durum wheat from the Algerian oases. Ten wheat landraces from the Algerian oases were grown under prolonged salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) in greenhouse conditions. Data were assessed for 19 physiological, biochemical, and agronomical traits. The wheat landraces exhibited considerable variation in their salinity stress tolerance. The membership function value of salt tolerance identified Oum RokbaElhamra, Khellouf and Zeghlou as the most tolerant landraces while Bourione was identified as sensitive. The salt-tolerant and moderately tolerant wheat landraces maintained stable yields under conditions of salinity stress. Regression models constructed from MFVS and salt tolerance coefficients showed that for bread wheat, amino acid content and grain yield accounted for most of the variation in MFVS, while for durum wheat, the number of grains per plant and Na+ content explained the majority of observed differences in MFVS. Correlation analysis showed that the MFVS was significantly associated with grain yield, selectivity between K+ and Na+, and plant height. The results confirm that Algerian oasis wheat landraces are a valuable source given their salt tolerance and could be utilized in breeding programs seeking to improve salinity stress resilience in wheat.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water stress affect water relations, photosynthesis and oxidative defense mechanism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Reza Afsharianzadeh, Eslam Majidi Heravan, Mohammad Nasri, Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad, Ghorban Noor Mohammadi","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.118593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.118593","url":null,"abstract":"Water stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production, significantly impacting both yield and quality. During the 2017–18 crop year in Shahriar region near Tehran, Iran, known for its dry and cold climate, a study was conducted to examine the influence of different irrigation levels on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various wheat cultivars. The experiment involved three irrigation levels: normal irrigation (control), withholding irrigation at the flowering stage, and withholding irrigation at the seed-filling stage as primary factors, with 21 different cultivars as secondary factors. The analysis showed that irrigation, cultivar type, and their interactions had a significant effect on grain yield, proline, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate content in the first and second internodes during flowering and ripening, as well as on SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, DT, and D-OH-dG levels at a one percent significance level. Withholding irrigation at the flowering stage had a more severe impact compared to the seed-filling stage. The Rakhshan and Sivand cultivars yielded the highest and lowest grain yields under normal irrigation conditions, while the drought-tolerant Ofogh cultivar showed lower yields when irrigation was withheld at the flowering stage. Water stress led to increased proline levels and higher levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, DT, and D-OH-dG in wheat cultivars. The Rakhshan and Sivand cultivars were identified as drought-tolerant in this region.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saffron corm sorting and rot treatment strategy for productivity enhancement for precision agriculture","authors":"K. Kour, Yonis Gulzar, Mohammad Shuaib Mir, Deepali Gupta, Kamali Gupta, Abhinav Juneja, Najla Almousa, Osman Elwasila","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.121062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.121062","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most economical and precious spices ever known is saffron. It has innumerable pharmaceutical applications, and its cultivation is limited to certain topographic regions throughout the world. Although efforts are continuously being made to increase productivity and increase the area under cultivation, there are multiple factors leading to its low production. Corm size is one of the major factors affecting the quality and production of saffron. The more the corm size for a plantation, the better the yield of the crop. This can pose a serious threat to saffron cultivators who are not able to get good quality corms and sort quality corms from infected ones. Additional factors affecting saffron cultivation include attack by fungus leading to corm rots and sclerotineal disease. In this paper, IoT (Internet of Things) has been used to provide an energy-efficient, ready-to-use, reliable, and user-friendly solution for corm sorting and treatment before sowing to promote quality, better yield and minimized wastage due to corm rots. After sorting the corms, they are treated with 0.2% of tiabendazole fungicide solution and dried, before sowing and for long-term storage. Firstly, sorting and treatment system for the saffron corms processing as per weight is proposed. First two-layer cleaning mechanism to remove foreign substances, then three-step treatment has been applied to remove microorganisms. An automated conveyor system equipped with IoT devices was used for sorting and treating saffron corms. Different energy efficient LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) and LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies used in the framework, for communication are NB-IoT (Narrow Band IoT) and LoRa (Long Range Radio).","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-only nanoparticles against phytopathogenic fungi in the past decade (2013–2023)","authors":"J. R. Ramos-Enríquez, M. Martínez-Téllez, Mario Sánchez-Sánchez, M. Hernandez-Oñate, E. Quintana-Obregón","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.119832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.119832","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and antimicrobial polymer. Researchers have recently explored using chitosan nanoparticles to fight phytopathogenic fungi. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 using the most popular databases for academic research on this topic. A systematic review was conducted using Software Rayyan to support the process. The search was conducted using the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Out of the 752 records found from 2013–2023, only 83 articles were considered eligible for inclusion in the review after screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies showed that chitosan nanoparticles are produced using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) through ionotropic gelation. However, using TPP has potential drawbacks and may have a synergistic effect with chitosan, which requires further investigation. TPP can affect the biological activity of the nanoparticle matrix. Furthermore, less than 10 out of the 83 articles reviewed in the time frame explored chitosan-only nanoparticles (nanochitosan) against phytopathogenic fungi. This shows the need for more research to determine the potential benefits of chitosan-only nanoparticles in control phytopathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}