{"title":"Etruria between the Iron Age and Orientalizing Period and the Adoption of Alphabetic Writing","authors":"E. Benelli, A. Naso","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198859949.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859949.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter combines a cultural approach (Naso) with a philological (Benelli) one to examine the emergence of Etruscan alphabetic writing in the eighth century BC. Naso outlines changes in settlement patterns and major social transformations in Etruria in this period, largely to be connected with maritime trade and openness to the broader Mediterranean world. Benelli focuses on the mechanism through which the new idea was taken up. He notes that epigraphy is by no means a necessary and immediate consequence of the adoption of writing skills. The oldest Etruscan inscriptions provide evidence of a system of gift exchange amongst the newly forming aristocracy which was strongly tied up with ritualized friendship between kinship groups and peer groups. It is within this milieu that alphabetic writing was articulated and disseminated. All forms of Etruscan letters can be traced back to Euboean prototypes, with the possible exception of the so-called san.","PeriodicalId":116222,"journal":{"name":"The Early Greek Alphabets","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114667090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boiotian Inscriptions in Epichoric Script","authors":"N. Papazarkadas","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198859949.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859949.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a critical presentation of the most important Boeotian inscriptions in epichoric script published since the revision of Local Scripts in 1990. It allows us to follow the development of Boeotian epigraphy from the Archaic period well into the early fourth century BC. Several new inscriptions supplement information derived from the literary sources; one in particular spectacularly vindicates the good faith of Herodotus. Archaeologically, such texts have allowed the identification of major ancient sites. Epigraphically, they display a remarkable uniformity that allows us to talk of a Boeotian koine. Historically, they challenge established ideas of limited literacy. Recent finds also unequivocally demonstrate that the Boeotian script was still being used well into the fourth century and approximately down to the period of the so-called Theban hegemony. An appendix provides the editio princeps of a funerary epigram inscribed in epichoric script.","PeriodicalId":116222,"journal":{"name":"The Early Greek Alphabets","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115608406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dodona and the Concept of Local Scripts","authors":"A. Johnston","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198859949.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859949.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the evidence for writing in the north-west area of the Greek-speaking world with particular relevance to the script(s) used, and attempts to compare the evidence with that from other parts of that world, notably the perhaps politically similar Thessalian region. The main body of evidence is that of the lead sheets inscribed with questions put to the oracular sanctuary of Zeus at Dodona. The approximately 900 texts which display epichoric lettering suggest some rethinking of the notion of a local script at Dodona. Literacy at the site, at least for the cult personnel, included the regular acceptance of varieties of letter forms, a situation not to be found in the clear usage of 'fixed' alphabets in most Greek poleis. Texts from across the Pindos range, from Thessaly, show far greater alphabetic uniformity.","PeriodicalId":116222,"journal":{"name":"The Early Greek Alphabets","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115974977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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